Groundwater is the main source of water in the studied area;therefore, it is significantly requested in all the activities of the inhabitants. These natural resources are affected by some drivers especially Land Use/L...Groundwater is the main source of water in the studied area;therefore, it is significantly requested in all the activities of the inhabitants. These natural resources are affected by some drivers especially Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and Climate Change. A Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) dynamics study is crucial for any global environmental change evaluation. For instance, for a given place, its change could affect considerably water cycle components. Therefore, the knowledge of the effects of LULC on groundwater recharge is then the key in water resources management system, in particular for the decision makers of the Koda Catchment where the scarcity of the water availability for agriculture is real. The spatiotemporal variation of the different units of LULC present in the catchment has been examined in this study. The Envi 4.5 Software coupled with ArcGIS using the Supervised Classification method, was applied to subset Landsat images from 1990 to 2016. Five (5) major LULC categories, cultivated land, bare land, herbaceous savannah, shrubby savannah and degraded savannah, were identified in the catchment. In a parallel direction, the groundwater recharge has been estimated through the conceptual Gardenia model for the same period 1990-2016. The results showed that the portion of cultivated land and bare land increased (14.9% and 23.5% respectively) while, the portion of savannah decreased: herbaceous savannah by 24.4%, degraded savannah by 10.32% and Shrubby Savannah by 3.6%. Savannah areas in Koda catchment is converted to agricultural land and urban area due to human activities. The decline of 8.4% in groundwater recharge might become so far obvious in the future if the current rate of deforestation continues in the Koda catchment. There is a need to closely monitor the changes in LULC for sustainable development. The results of this study could help to well understand the recharge pattern across Koda catchment under a changing LULC.展开更多
KODA,全称是Knock Out Discount Accumulator,国内将其翻译为累计期权,这是一种以合约形式买卖(股票、外汇或其他有价商品)的金融衍生工具,一般是场外交易,通常会签订一年的合约。累计期权是投资者与投资银行之间的场外交易,其中标的资...KODA,全称是Knock Out Discount Accumulator,国内将其翻译为累计期权,这是一种以合约形式买卖(股票、外汇或其他有价商品)的金融衍生工具,一般是场外交易,通常会签订一年的合约。累计期权是投资者与投资银行之间的场外交易,其中标的资产包括股票、外汇或其他商品。累计期权充满风险,渐渐的为很多人所知,但它的风险是怎么产生的呢?如果无意中签订了累计期权,又该如何控制风险呢?本文一共分为两章,第一章简要叙述累计期权的概念和特征,第二章以中信泰富为案例,通过对2008年中信泰富巨亏事件的分析,进而对累计期权KODA进行剖析,将其分解成几个基本期权,从而得出该合约的购买者本质上是卖出了看跌期权。展开更多
文摘Groundwater is the main source of water in the studied area;therefore, it is significantly requested in all the activities of the inhabitants. These natural resources are affected by some drivers especially Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) and Climate Change. A Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) dynamics study is crucial for any global environmental change evaluation. For instance, for a given place, its change could affect considerably water cycle components. Therefore, the knowledge of the effects of LULC on groundwater recharge is then the key in water resources management system, in particular for the decision makers of the Koda Catchment where the scarcity of the water availability for agriculture is real. The spatiotemporal variation of the different units of LULC present in the catchment has been examined in this study. The Envi 4.5 Software coupled with ArcGIS using the Supervised Classification method, was applied to subset Landsat images from 1990 to 2016. Five (5) major LULC categories, cultivated land, bare land, herbaceous savannah, shrubby savannah and degraded savannah, were identified in the catchment. In a parallel direction, the groundwater recharge has been estimated through the conceptual Gardenia model for the same period 1990-2016. The results showed that the portion of cultivated land and bare land increased (14.9% and 23.5% respectively) while, the portion of savannah decreased: herbaceous savannah by 24.4%, degraded savannah by 10.32% and Shrubby Savannah by 3.6%. Savannah areas in Koda catchment is converted to agricultural land and urban area due to human activities. The decline of 8.4% in groundwater recharge might become so far obvious in the future if the current rate of deforestation continues in the Koda catchment. There is a need to closely monitor the changes in LULC for sustainable development. The results of this study could help to well understand the recharge pattern across Koda catchment under a changing LULC.
文摘KODA,全称是Knock Out Discount Accumulator,国内将其翻译为累计期权,这是一种以合约形式买卖(股票、外汇或其他有价商品)的金融衍生工具,一般是场外交易,通常会签订一年的合约。累计期权是投资者与投资银行之间的场外交易,其中标的资产包括股票、外汇或其他商品。累计期权充满风险,渐渐的为很多人所知,但它的风险是怎么产生的呢?如果无意中签订了累计期权,又该如何控制风险呢?本文一共分为两章,第一章简要叙述累计期权的概念和特征,第二章以中信泰富为案例,通过对2008年中信泰富巨亏事件的分析,进而对累计期权KODA进行剖析,将其分解成几个基本期权,从而得出该合约的购买者本质上是卖出了看跌期权。
