The influence of the J×B force on the topographical modification of W targets during a type-I-like ELM in ITER has been studied numerically. A two-dimensional(2D) fluid dynamics model is employed by solving liqui...The influence of the J×B force on the topographical modification of W targets during a type-I-like ELM in ITER has been studied numerically. A two-dimensional(2D) fluid dynamics model is employed by solving liquid hydrodynamic Navier-Stokes equation with the 2D heat conduction equation in addition to driving forces for surface topography, such as surface tension and pressure gradient, the J×B force is particularly addressed. The governing equations are solved with the finite volume method by adequate prediction of the moving solid-liquid interface. Numerical simulations are carried out for a range of type-I ELM characteristic parameters. Our results indicate that both the surface tension and the J×B force contributes to the melt motion of tungsten plates when the energy flux is under 3000 MW·m^(-2), the surface tension is a major driving force while the pressure gradient is negligible. Our results also indicate that the J×B force makes the small hills grow at different rates at both the crater edges under a type-I-like ELM heat load with a Gaussian power density profile.展开更多
2001年1月24日,西班牙《世界报》(ELMUNDO)发起评选"20世纪最优秀的西班牙语小说"(Las cien meiores novelas en castellanodel siglo XX)。贡萨罗·托伦特·巴列斯特尔的《J.B.的传奇/赋格曲》和《快乐与忧伤》三部...2001年1月24日,西班牙《世界报》(ELMUNDO)发起评选"20世纪最优秀的西班牙语小说"(Las cien meiores novelas en castellanodel siglo XX)。贡萨罗·托伦特·巴列斯特尔的《J.B.的传奇/赋格曲》和《快乐与忧伤》三部曲名列其中,这两部小说同时也是西班牙中学、大学的必读或推荐读物。贡萨罗·托伦特·巴列斯特尔1910年6月13日出生于加利西亚自治区费罗尔的一个中产阶级家庭。展开更多
目的:观察耳甲区电针对脂多糖致内毒素血症模型大鼠血清炎性反应因子水平与肺组织核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响,探讨耳甲刺激对炎性反应的保护作用机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、单纯耳甲电针组、耳甲电针组、迷走神经...目的:观察耳甲区电针对脂多糖致内毒素血症模型大鼠血清炎性反应因子水平与肺组织核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响,探讨耳甲刺激对炎性反应的保护作用机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、单纯耳甲电针组、耳甲电针组、迷走神经刺激组、后三里组,每组12只。尾静脉注射脂多糖(5 mg/kg)复制内毒素血症模型。耳甲电针取双侧耳甲区,迷走神经刺激给予左侧颈部迷走神经电刺激,后三里组行双侧"后三里"电针,均为20 min。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平,采用免疫印迹法测定各组肺组织NF-κB p 65蛋白表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.01),NF-κB p 65表达明显上调(P<0.01);单纯耳甲电针组NF-κB p 65表达明显上调(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,耳甲电针组和迷走神经刺激组TNF-α、IL-6水平明显下降(P<0.01),NF-κB p65表达明显下调(P<0.01);后三里组TNF-α水平明显下降(P<0.05)。与迷走神经刺激组相比,耳甲电针组IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.01),后三里组TNF-α、IL-6水平、NF-κB p 65表达显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与耳甲电针组相比,后三里组NF-κB p65表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:耳甲刺激能降低内毒素血症模型大鼠致炎因子水平,下调NF-κB蛋白表达,其效应与直接刺激迷走神经相似,说明耳甲刺激可能激活了胆碱能抗炎通路,从而启动抗炎效应。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.2016J027)the Open Research Project of Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser,Ion and Electron Beams,Ministry of Education(Grant No.KF1705)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0402500,2017YFE0300400,and 2017YFE0301200)
文摘The influence of the J×B force on the topographical modification of W targets during a type-I-like ELM in ITER has been studied numerically. A two-dimensional(2D) fluid dynamics model is employed by solving liquid hydrodynamic Navier-Stokes equation with the 2D heat conduction equation in addition to driving forces for surface topography, such as surface tension and pressure gradient, the J×B force is particularly addressed. The governing equations are solved with the finite volume method by adequate prediction of the moving solid-liquid interface. Numerical simulations are carried out for a range of type-I ELM characteristic parameters. Our results indicate that both the surface tension and the J×B force contributes to the melt motion of tungsten plates when the energy flux is under 3000 MW·m^(-2), the surface tension is a major driving force while the pressure gradient is negligible. Our results also indicate that the J×B force makes the small hills grow at different rates at both the crater edges under a type-I-like ELM heat load with a Gaussian power density profile.
文摘2001年1月24日,西班牙《世界报》(ELMUNDO)发起评选"20世纪最优秀的西班牙语小说"(Las cien meiores novelas en castellanodel siglo XX)。贡萨罗·托伦特·巴列斯特尔的《J.B.的传奇/赋格曲》和《快乐与忧伤》三部曲名列其中,这两部小说同时也是西班牙中学、大学的必读或推荐读物。贡萨罗·托伦特·巴列斯特尔1910年6月13日出生于加利西亚自治区费罗尔的一个中产阶级家庭。
文摘目的:观察耳甲区电针对脂多糖致内毒素血症模型大鼠血清炎性反应因子水平与肺组织核因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响,探讨耳甲刺激对炎性反应的保护作用机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、单纯耳甲电针组、耳甲电针组、迷走神经刺激组、后三里组,每组12只。尾静脉注射脂多糖(5 mg/kg)复制内毒素血症模型。耳甲电针取双侧耳甲区,迷走神经刺激给予左侧颈部迷走神经电刺激,后三里组行双侧"后三里"电针,均为20 min。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)水平,采用免疫印迹法测定各组肺组织NF-κB p 65蛋白表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组TNF-α、IL-6水平明显升高(P<0.01),NF-κB p 65表达明显上调(P<0.01);单纯耳甲电针组NF-κB p 65表达明显上调(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,耳甲电针组和迷走神经刺激组TNF-α、IL-6水平明显下降(P<0.01),NF-κB p65表达明显下调(P<0.01);后三里组TNF-α水平明显下降(P<0.05)。与迷走神经刺激组相比,耳甲电针组IL-6水平显著升高(P<0.01),后三里组TNF-α、IL-6水平、NF-κB p 65表达显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与耳甲电针组相比,后三里组NF-κB p65表达显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:耳甲刺激能降低内毒素血症模型大鼠致炎因子水平,下调NF-κB蛋白表达,其效应与直接刺激迷走神经相似,说明耳甲刺激可能激活了胆碱能抗炎通路,从而启动抗炎效应。
