Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death i...Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.展开更多
目的：用meta分析方法研究中国大陆地区成年人高血压前期发生率和主要危险因素，识别高血压前期高危人群。方法检索VIP、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM、PubMed和Web of Knowledge有关于高血压前期发生率及危险因素的原始研究，按照纳入排除...目的：用meta分析方法研究中国大陆地区成年人高血压前期发生率和主要危险因素，识别高血压前期高危人群。方法检索VIP、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM、PubMed和Web of Knowledge有关于高血压前期发生率及危险因素的原始研究，按照纳入排除标准剔除不合要求的研究，采用Stata软件和RevMan软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入21篇文献，合并高血压前期发生率为37%。体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）合并标准均数差值（SMD）及95%可信区间（CI）分别为0.37（0.29~0.46）、0.20（0.12~0.27）、0.17（0.15~0.19）、0.22（0.17~0.27）、0.13（0.10~0.15）、-0.07（-0.16~0.02），吸烟、饮酒和高血压家族史合并暴露比值比（Odds ratio，OR）值及95%CI分别为1.44（1.40~1.47）、1.60（1.44~1.79）和1.19（1.04~1.35）。结论中国大陆地区普通成年人高血压前期发生率较高，BMI、FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、吸烟、饮酒和高血压家族史是高血压前期的危险因素，应针对高血压前期人群中存在的可改变的危险因素进行早期干预。展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures ...Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures inappropriate for location （metaplastic atrophy）. Epidemiological data suggest that CAG is associated with two different types of tumors： Intestinal-type gastric cancer （GC） and type I gastric carcinoid （T I GC）. The pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to the development of these gastric tumors are different, It is accepted that a multistep process initiating from Helico- bacterpylori-related chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa progresses to CAG, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and, finally, leads to the development of GC. The T I GC is a gastrin-dependent tumor and the chronic elevation of gastrin, which is associated with CAG, stimulates the growth of enterochromaffin-like cells with their hyperplasia leading to the development of T I GC. Thus, several events occur in the gastric mucosa before the development of intestinatype GC and/ or T I GC and these take several years. Knowledge ofCAG incidence from superficial gastritis, its prevalence in different clinical settings and possible risk factors as- sociated with the progression of this condition to gastric neoplasias are important issues. This editorial intends to provide a brief review of the main studies regarding incidence and prevalence of CAG and risk factors for the development of gastric neoplasias.展开更多
文摘Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
文摘目的：用meta分析方法研究中国大陆地区成年人高血压前期发生率和主要危险因素，识别高血压前期高危人群。方法检索VIP、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM、PubMed和Web of Knowledge有关于高血压前期发生率及危险因素的原始研究，按照纳入排除标准剔除不合要求的研究，采用Stata软件和RevMan软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入21篇文献，合并高血压前期发生率为37%。体质量指数（BMI）、空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）合并标准均数差值（SMD）及95%可信区间（CI）分别为0.37（0.29~0.46）、0.20（0.12~0.27）、0.17（0.15~0.19）、0.22（0.17~0.27）、0.13（0.10~0.15）、-0.07（-0.16~0.02），吸烟、饮酒和高血压家族史合并暴露比值比（Odds ratio，OR）值及95%CI分别为1.44（1.40~1.47）、1.60（1.44~1.79）和1.19（1.04~1.35）。结论中国大陆地区普通成年人高血压前期发生率较高，BMI、FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、吸烟、饮酒和高血压家族史是高血压前期的危险因素，应针对高血压前期人群中存在的可改变的危险因素进行早期干预。
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） is an inflammatory condition characterized by the loss of gastric glandular structures which are replaced by connective tissue （non-metaplastic atrophy） or by glandular structures inappropriate for location （metaplastic atrophy）. Epidemiological data suggest that CAG is associated with two different types of tumors： Intestinal-type gastric cancer （GC） and type I gastric carcinoid （T I GC）. The pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to the development of these gastric tumors are different, It is accepted that a multistep process initiating from Helico- bacterpylori-related chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa progresses to CAG, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and, finally, leads to the development of GC. The T I GC is a gastrin-dependent tumor and the chronic elevation of gastrin, which is associated with CAG, stimulates the growth of enterochromaffin-like cells with their hyperplasia leading to the development of T I GC. Thus, several events occur in the gastric mucosa before the development of intestinatype GC and/ or T I GC and these take several years. Knowledge ofCAG incidence from superficial gastritis, its prevalence in different clinical settings and possible risk factors as- sociated with the progression of this condition to gastric neoplasias are important issues. This editorial intends to provide a brief review of the main studies regarding incidence and prevalence of CAG and risk factors for the development of gastric neoplasias.
