Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from cooling water system...Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysis(EDAX). The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel surface in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products increased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.展开更多
近两年,身联网(Internet of Body,IoB)越来越引起业界的高度重视。IoB设备可以方便地监测人体产生的健康信息或生物信息,在医疗健康远程监测、健康管理、慢病防治、流行病调查等方面得到广泛应用,但同时IoB设备的使用也将带来人体数据...近两年,身联网(Internet of Body,IoB)越来越引起业界的高度重视。IoB设备可以方便地监测人体产生的健康信息或生物信息,在医疗健康远程监测、健康管理、慢病防治、流行病调查等方面得到广泛应用,但同时IoB设备的使用也将带来人体数据安全风险方面的威胁。本文从IoB设备的概念范围和研究现状出发,重点对IoB设备个人信息防护所带来的监管挑战进行分析。在此基础上详细调查国内外相关的监管政策措施,并对我国规范IoB产业发展提出决策建议。展开更多
A traditional bottom-up modeling method for minimum configuration numbers is adopted for the study of FPGA minimum configurations. This method is limited ifa large number of LUTs and multiplexers are presented. Since ...A traditional bottom-up modeling method for minimum configuration numbers is adopted for the study of FPGA minimum configurations. This method is limited ifa large number of LUTs and multiplexers are presented. Since graph theory has been extensively applied to circuit analysis and test, this paper focuses on the modeling FPGA configurations. In our study, an internal logic block and interconnections of an FPGA are considered as a vertex and an edge connecting two vertices in the graph, respectively. A top-down modeling method is proposed in the paper to achieve minimum configuration numbers for CLB and IOB. Based on the proposed modeling approach and exhaustive analysis, the minimum configuration numbers for CLB and IOB are five and three, respectively.展开更多
We present an input/output block （lOB） array used in the radiation-hardened SRAM-based field- programmable gate array （FPGA） VS1000, which is designed and fabricated with a 0.5 μm partially depleted silicon-on-in...We present an input/output block （lOB） array used in the radiation-hardened SRAM-based field- programmable gate array （FPGA） VS1000, which is designed and fabricated with a 0.5 μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） logic process at the CETC 58th Institute. Corresponding with the characteristics of the FPGA, each IOB includes a local routing pool and two IO cells composed of a signal path circuit, configurable input/output buffers and an ESD protection network. A boundary-scan path circuit can be used between the pro- grammable buffers and the input/output circuit or as a transparent circuit when the IOB is applied in different modes. Programmable IO buffers can be used at TTL/CMOS standard levels. The local routing pool enhances the flexibility and routability of the connection between the IOB array and the core logic. Radiation-hardened designs, including A-type and H-type body-tied transistors and special D-type registers, improve the anti-radiation performance. The ESD protection network, which provides a high-impulse discharge path on a pad, prevents the breakdown of the core logic caused by the immense current. These design strategies facilitate the design of FPGAs with different ca- pacities or architectures to form a series of FPGAs. The functionality and performance of the IOB array is proved after a functional test. The radiation test indicates that the proposed VS 1000 chip with an IOB array has a total dose tolerance of 100 krad（Si）, a dose survivability rate of 1.5 × 10^11 rad（Si）/s, and a neutron fluence immunity of 1×10^14 n/cm2.展开更多
Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria IOB and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB isolated from cooling water systems in...Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria IOB and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy SEM and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysisEDAX. The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel sur- face in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products in- creased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.展开更多
Bases on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis products,Had ISST dataset,and data of tropical cyclone(TC)landfalling in the Chinese mainland during 1960-2019,the possible impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)mode and Indian Ocean ba...Bases on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis products,Had ISST dataset,and data of tropical cyclone(TC)landfalling in the Chinese mainland during 1960-2019,the possible impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)mode and Indian Ocean basin(IOB)mode on the last-TC-landfall date(LLD)and first-TC-landfall date(FLD),respectively,are investigated in this study.The LLD is in significantly negative correlation with autumn IOD on the interannual timescale and their association is independent of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The LLD tends to be earlier when the IOD is positive while becomes later when the IOD is negative.An anomalous lower-level anticyclone is located around the Philippines during October-November,resulting from the change of Walker circulation over the tropical Indo-west Pacific Ocean forced by sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies related to a positive IOD event.The Philippines anticyclone anomaly suppresses TC formation there and prevents TCs from landfalling in the Chinese mainland due to the anomalous westerly steering flows over southeast China during October-November,agreeing well with the earlier LLD.However,the robust connection between spring IOB and FLD depends on ENSO episodes in the preceding winter.There is an anticyclonic anomaly around the Philippines caused by the tropical SST anomalies through modulating the Walker circulation during May-June when the IOB is warming in the El Nino decaying phase.Correspondingly,the TC genesis is less frequent near the Philippines and the mid-level steering flows associated with the expanded western Pacific subtropical high are disadvantageous for TCs moving towards southeast China and making landfall during May-June,in accordance with the later FLD.By contrast,cooling IOB condition in spring of a La Nina decaying year and negative IOD cases during autumn could produce a completely reversed atmospheric circulation response,leading to an earlier FLD and a later LLD over the Chinese mainland,respectively.展开更多
身联网(The Internet of Bodies,Io B)是将人体和互联网连接起来的新兴网络。身联网设备能够感知和获取人体生物特征数据,从而在健康、体育竞技、医疗、援助老年人和残疾人等多领域提供网络支持服务。本文全面分析身联网设备广泛应用后...身联网(The Internet of Bodies,Io B)是将人体和互联网连接起来的新兴网络。身联网设备能够感知和获取人体生物特征数据,从而在健康、体育竞技、医疗、援助老年人和残疾人等多领域提供网络支持服务。本文全面分析身联网设备广泛应用后可能引发的安全风险与挑战,聚焦数据隐私与滥用、国家安全威胁、网络安全风险、社会资源分配等方面,分析潜在的安全风险隐患,并提出建设性解决方案。展开更多
As part of a collaboration between the John Innes Centre （JIC）,Norwich,UK and the Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics （C-STM） at the Institute of Botany （IOB）,
利用英国Hadley中心的海温和NASA的臭氧混合比的月平均再分析资料,计算表征热带印度洋海温变化的主模态(IOB、IOD)的IOBI指数和IODI指数,分析了1980—2015年间热带印度洋海温异常与东亚地区平流层臭氧混合比之间的相关关系,探讨了热带...利用英国Hadley中心的海温和NASA的臭氧混合比的月平均再分析资料,计算表征热带印度洋海温变化的主模态(IOB、IOD)的IOBI指数和IODI指数,分析了1980—2015年间热带印度洋海温异常与东亚地区平流层臭氧混合比之间的相关关系,探讨了热带印度洋海温变化对东亚臭氧层分布的影响.结果表明:(1)热带印度洋海温变化对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布有明显的影响,并且与IOB、IOD的时间变化规律相一致;(2)IOBI、IODI与东亚平流层臭氧变化具有一定的相关关系,特别是在春、秋季节时,平流层低层(70 h Pa)和中层(40h Pa)高度处两者间的相关性尤为显著.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20576108).
文摘Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysis(EDAX). The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel surface in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products increased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.
文摘近两年,身联网(Internet of Body,IoB)越来越引起业界的高度重视。IoB设备可以方便地监测人体产生的健康信息或生物信息,在医疗健康远程监测、健康管理、慢病防治、流行病调查等方面得到广泛应用,但同时IoB设备的使用也将带来人体数据安全风险方面的威胁。本文从IoB设备的概念范围和研究现状出发,重点对IoB设备个人信息防护所带来的监管挑战进行分析。在此基础上详细调查国内外相关的监管政策措施,并对我国规范IoB产业发展提出决策建议。
文摘A traditional bottom-up modeling method for minimum configuration numbers is adopted for the study of FPGA minimum configurations. This method is limited ifa large number of LUTs and multiplexers are presented. Since graph theory has been extensively applied to circuit analysis and test, this paper focuses on the modeling FPGA configurations. In our study, an internal logic block and interconnections of an FPGA are considered as a vertex and an edge connecting two vertices in the graph, respectively. A top-down modeling method is proposed in the paper to achieve minimum configuration numbers for CLB and IOB. Based on the proposed modeling approach and exhaustive analysis, the minimum configuration numbers for CLB and IOB are five and three, respectively.
文摘We present an input/output block （lOB） array used in the radiation-hardened SRAM-based field- programmable gate array （FPGA） VS1000, which is designed and fabricated with a 0.5 μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator （SOI） logic process at the CETC 58th Institute. Corresponding with the characteristics of the FPGA, each IOB includes a local routing pool and two IO cells composed of a signal path circuit, configurable input/output buffers and an ESD protection network. A boundary-scan path circuit can be used between the pro- grammable buffers and the input/output circuit or as a transparent circuit when the IOB is applied in different modes. Programmable IO buffers can be used at TTL/CMOS standard levels. The local routing pool enhances the flexibility and routability of the connection between the IOB array and the core logic. Radiation-hardened designs, including A-type and H-type body-tied transistors and special D-type registers, improve the anti-radiation performance. The ESD protection network, which provides a high-impulse discharge path on a pad, prevents the breakdown of the core logic caused by the immense current. These design strategies facilitate the design of FPGAs with different ca- pacities or architectures to form a series of FPGAs. The functionality and performance of the IOB array is proved after a functional test. The radiation test indicates that the proposed VS 1000 chip with an IOB array has a total dose tolerance of 100 krad（Si）, a dose survivability rate of 1.5 × 10^11 rad（Si）/s, and a neutron fluence immunity of 1×10^14 n/cm2.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20576108).
文摘Corrosion and electrochemical behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria IOB and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria SRB isolated from cooling water systems in an oil refinery using electrochemical measurement, scanning electron microscopy SEM and energy dispersive atom X-ray analysisEDAX. The results show the corrosion potential and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel decrease distinctly in the presence of bacteria, in comparison with those observed in sterile medium under the same exposure time. SEM morphologies have shown that 316L stainless steel reveals no signs of pitting attack in the sterile medium. However, micrometer-scale corrosion pits were observed on 316L stainless steel sur- face in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB leads to higher corrosion rates than IOB. The interactions between the stainless steel surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells and their metabolic products in- creased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film and accelerated pitting propagation.
基金Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and WavesChinese Academy of Sciences(KLOCW1902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41505050)。
文摘Bases on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis products,Had ISST dataset,and data of tropical cyclone(TC)landfalling in the Chinese mainland during 1960-2019,the possible impacts of Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)mode and Indian Ocean basin(IOB)mode on the last-TC-landfall date(LLD)and first-TC-landfall date(FLD),respectively,are investigated in this study.The LLD is in significantly negative correlation with autumn IOD on the interannual timescale and their association is independent of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).The LLD tends to be earlier when the IOD is positive while becomes later when the IOD is negative.An anomalous lower-level anticyclone is located around the Philippines during October-November,resulting from the change of Walker circulation over the tropical Indo-west Pacific Ocean forced by sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies related to a positive IOD event.The Philippines anticyclone anomaly suppresses TC formation there and prevents TCs from landfalling in the Chinese mainland due to the anomalous westerly steering flows over southeast China during October-November,agreeing well with the earlier LLD.However,the robust connection between spring IOB and FLD depends on ENSO episodes in the preceding winter.There is an anticyclonic anomaly around the Philippines caused by the tropical SST anomalies through modulating the Walker circulation during May-June when the IOB is warming in the El Nino decaying phase.Correspondingly,the TC genesis is less frequent near the Philippines and the mid-level steering flows associated with the expanded western Pacific subtropical high are disadvantageous for TCs moving towards southeast China and making landfall during May-June,in accordance with the later FLD.By contrast,cooling IOB condition in spring of a La Nina decaying year and negative IOD cases during autumn could produce a completely reversed atmospheric circulation response,leading to an earlier FLD and a later LLD over the Chinese mainland,respectively.
文摘身联网(The Internet of Bodies,Io B)是将人体和互联网连接起来的新兴网络。身联网设备能够感知和获取人体生物特征数据,从而在健康、体育竞技、医疗、援助老年人和残疾人等多领域提供网络支持服务。本文全面分析身联网设备广泛应用后可能引发的安全风险与挑战,聚焦数据隐私与滥用、国家安全威胁、网络安全风险、社会资源分配等方面,分析潜在的安全风险隐患,并提出建设性解决方案。
文摘As part of a collaboration between the John Innes Centre （JIC）,Norwich,UK and the Centre for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics （C-STM） at the Institute of Botany （IOB）,
文摘利用英国Hadley中心的海温和NASA的臭氧混合比的月平均再分析资料,计算表征热带印度洋海温变化的主模态(IOB、IOD)的IOBI指数和IODI指数,分析了1980—2015年间热带印度洋海温异常与东亚地区平流层臭氧混合比之间的相关关系,探讨了热带印度洋海温变化对东亚臭氧层分布的影响.结果表明:(1)热带印度洋海温变化对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布有明显的影响,并且与IOB、IOD的时间变化规律相一致;(2)IOBI、IODI与东亚平流层臭氧变化具有一定的相关关系,特别是在春、秋季节时,平流层低层(70 h Pa)和中层(40h Pa)高度处两者间的相关性尤为显著.
