Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challe...Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility has been proposed as an important factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and various research efforts are being executed worldwide to identify the susceptibility gene for diabetic nephropathy. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in various genes giving rise to various gene variants which have been found to play a major role in genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The risk of developing diabetic nephropathy is increased several times by inheriting risk alleles at susceptibility loci of various genes like ACE, IL, TNF-α, COL4A1, e NOS, SOD2, APOE, GLUT, etc. The identification of these genetic variants at a biomarker level could thus, allow the detection of those individuals at high risk for diabetic nephropathy which could thus help in the treatment, diagnosis and early prevention of the disease. The present review discusses about the various gene variants found till date to be associated with diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrar...Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set展开更多
英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和...英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和glassed就是直接由名词paper和glass转借为动词的。展开更多
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to c...Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to confirm the pathogen.In this study,we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a bronchiectasis patient undergoing acute exacerbation,and sent for 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing by a 454 GS Junior machine.Metagenomic analysis showed the composition of bacterial community in sample was complex.More than a half of reads（51.3%） were from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.This result was corresponding with the culture result but came out 2 d earlier,which is meaningful for early diagnosis and treatment.The detection with 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing technology is more sensitive and rapid than routine culture,and can detect the co-infection or symbiosis in airway,giving us a novel and convenient approach to perform rapid diagnosis.展开更多
Activity 1.Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Do you know some foods are toxic to dogs?2.What foods do you avoid giving your dog?
“Time is the best appraiser of scientific work,and I am aware that an industrial discovery rarely produces all its fruit in the hands of its first inventor.”—Louis Pasteur,French Chemist(1822-1895)Time is perhaps t...“Time is the best appraiser of scientific work,and I am aware that an industrial discovery rarely produces all its fruit in the hands of its first inventor.”—Louis Pasteur,French Chemist(1822-1895)Time is perhaps the most important quantity with which we measure our lives.While there are other important factors as well,when we run out of time,we by definition can no longer make an impact on our world.Nearly all events and phenomena,including those in research,are viewed in the context of this ever-elusive and unforgiving variable.It is hard to believe,for example,that we are already through the first half of 2023 and publishing the 42nd issue of CCS Chemistry.Time has a way of slipping by,but it can also provide an important perspective.展开更多
Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are unconventional T cells that have been conserved throughout mammalian evolution,displaying innate and effector-like qualities[1,2].MAIT cells express a semi-invariant T-cel...Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are unconventional T cells that have been conserved throughout mammalian evolution,displaying innate and effector-like qualities[1,2].MAIT cells express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor,which recognizes vitamin B metabolites produced by various bacteria and yeast organisms,presented on the restriction molecule major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-related protein-1(MR1)[3].In mice,MAIT cells undergo three developmental stages in the thymus,giving rise to two subsets,MAIT1 and MAIT17,which secrete IFN-and IL-17 to combat infections[4,5].展开更多
Scientists|Face-to-Face:What Top Physicists Would Say about Future High Energy Physics During his visit to the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in Beijing,prestigious physic...Scientists|Face-to-Face:What Top Physicists Would Say about Future High Energy Physics During his visit to the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in Beijing,prestigious physicist Samuel C.C.Ting,renowned Nobel laureate and a Foreign Member of CAS,had an open talk with the audience together with IHEP director WANG Yifang,a CAS Member,after giving a lecture at the Forum of High Energy Physics.The two academicians shared their experiences in high energy physics explorations and thoughts on future developments in this field.Also,they offered their advice for career choices to the young physicists and prospective physicists present.展开更多
Amidst the hustle and bustle of everyday life in China,giving up one's time to volunteer might not be at the forefront of everybody's mind.Nonetheless,China certainly isn't lacking when it comes to charity...Amidst the hustle and bustle of everyday life in China,giving up one's time to volunteer might not be at the forefront of everybody's mind.Nonetheless,China certainly isn't lacking when it comes to charity.On September 5,2019-the country's annual Charity Day-People's Daily affirmed that China had around 126 million volunteers giving up their time to partake in charity work,as well as 5,511 charitable organizations.展开更多
The digital age has created new avenues of expression for generosity.The act of giving is no longer confined to traditional channels,but extends to screens,devices and networks.As pixels form the tapestry of compassio...The digital age has created new avenues of expression for generosity.The act of giving is no longer confined to traditional channels,but extends to screens,devices and networks.As pixels form the tapestry of compassion,the potential for impact is boundless,waiting to be unlocked by a nation that is poised to harness the digital age for a brighter and more altruistic tomorrow.展开更多
Since Xi Jinping was first elected general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in late 2012 and later president of China in March 2013,he has showed great interest in giving China’s relations ...Since Xi Jinping was first elected general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in late 2012 and later president of China in March 2013,he has showed great interest in giving China’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)more dynamism.展开更多
A new copper（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cu2（C7H5N4）2（3-C6H5NO2）2]n（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized with copper hydroxide, 3-（pyridin-2-yl）-1,2,4-triazole（Hpt） and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid（3-PCA）. ...A new copper（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cu2（C7H5N4）2（3-C6H5NO2）2]n（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized with copper hydroxide, 3-（pyridin-2-yl）-1,2,4-triazole（Hpt） and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid（3-PCA）. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a=16.854（2）, b=7.8616（8）, c=20.630（2） , β=111.126（2）o, V=2549.7（5） 3, Dc=1.723 g/cm3, Z=8, F（000）=1336, the final GOOF=1.065, R=0.0380 and w R=0.0972. The whole molecule consisting of two copper ions are bridged by two μ2-η1：η0-3-（pyridin-2-yl）-1,2,4-triazole anions. The coordination environment of Cu（1） ion is CuO2N4, giving a distorted octahedron geometry. 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic interaction, and the electron transfer of 1 is irreversible in electrode reactions and the TG analysis shows that 1 is stable below 235 ℃.展开更多
文摘Diabetic nephropathy accounts for the most serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy will continue to increase in future posing a major challenge to the healthcare system resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a result of interaction between both genetic and environmental factors in individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility has been proposed as an important factor for the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and various research efforts are being executed worldwide to identify the susceptibility gene for diabetic nephropathy. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found in various genes giving rise to various gene variants which have been found to play a major role in genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The risk of developing diabetic nephropathy is increased several times by inheriting risk alleles at susceptibility loci of various genes like ACE, IL, TNF-α, COL4A1, e NOS, SOD2, APOE, GLUT, etc. The identification of these genetic variants at a biomarker level could thus, allow the detection of those individuals at high risk for diabetic nephropathy which could thus help in the treatment, diagnosis and early prevention of the disease. The present review discusses about the various gene variants found till date to be associated with diabetic nephropathy.
文摘Let K be a basic field of characteristic 0, and fi,i=1,…,r, be polynomials in K(x1,…Xn)Consider the system of algebraic equations which defines an algebraic variety V consisting of zeros of the system in an arbitrary extension field of K. The study of the structure of V or that of the set
文摘英语名词直接用作动词,而不发生任何词形、发音方面的变化,称为名词动用。这在构词法上叫作转换(conversion),是词类交叉转借的修辞手法之一.如He has papered the window for the winter,because it has not been glassed中的papered和glassed就是直接由名词paper和glass转借为动词的。
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(National High-Tech R&D program:No.2006AA02Z4A9 and No.2012BAI05B0212th Five-Year Plan Major Scientific and Technological Program:No.2012ZX10004-206)the Ministry of Health of China(Special Fund for Health-scientific Research in the Public Interest Program:No.201202011)
文摘Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disorder and a number of bacterial pathogens are involved.However,30%-40% of sputum and purulent samples in good quality failed to grow any pathogenic bacteria,making it difficult to confirm the pathogen.In this study,we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a bronchiectasis patient undergoing acute exacerbation,and sent for 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing by a 454 GS Junior machine.Metagenomic analysis showed the composition of bacterial community in sample was complex.More than a half of reads（51.3%） were from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.This result was corresponding with the culture result but came out 2 d earlier,which is meaningful for early diagnosis and treatment.The detection with 16 S rDNA pyrosequencing technology is more sensitive and rapid than routine culture,and can detect the co-infection or symbiosis in airway,giving us a novel and convenient approach to perform rapid diagnosis.
文摘Activity 1.Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Do you know some foods are toxic to dogs?2.What foods do you avoid giving your dog?
文摘“Time is the best appraiser of scientific work,and I am aware that an industrial discovery rarely produces all its fruit in the hands of its first inventor.”—Louis Pasteur,French Chemist(1822-1895)Time is perhaps the most important quantity with which we measure our lives.While there are other important factors as well,when we run out of time,we by definition can no longer make an impact on our world.Nearly all events and phenomena,including those in research,are viewed in the context of this ever-elusive and unforgiving variable.It is hard to believe,for example,that we are already through the first half of 2023 and publishing the 42nd issue of CCS Chemistry.Time has a way of slipping by,but it can also provide an important perspective.
基金NIH RO1Al119041(QSM)Henry Ford Immunology Program grants(T71016,QSM+1 种基金T71017,LZ)the Henry Ford Cancer Institute Postdoctoral fellowship program(JW and KS).
文摘Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are unconventional T cells that have been conserved throughout mammalian evolution,displaying innate and effector-like qualities[1,2].MAIT cells express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor,which recognizes vitamin B metabolites produced by various bacteria and yeast organisms,presented on the restriction molecule major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-related protein-1(MR1)[3].In mice,MAIT cells undergo three developmental stages in the thymus,giving rise to two subsets,MAIT1 and MAIT17,which secrete IFN-and IL-17 to combat infections[4,5].
文摘Scientists|Face-to-Face:What Top Physicists Would Say about Future High Energy Physics During his visit to the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in Beijing,prestigious physicist Samuel C.C.Ting,renowned Nobel laureate and a Foreign Member of CAS,had an open talk with the audience together with IHEP director WANG Yifang,a CAS Member,after giving a lecture at the Forum of High Energy Physics.The two academicians shared their experiences in high energy physics explorations and thoughts on future developments in this field.Also,they offered their advice for career choices to the young physicists and prospective physicists present.
文摘Amidst the hustle and bustle of everyday life in China,giving up one's time to volunteer might not be at the forefront of everybody's mind.Nonetheless,China certainly isn't lacking when it comes to charity.On September 5,2019-the country's annual Charity Day-People's Daily affirmed that China had around 126 million volunteers giving up their time to partake in charity work,as well as 5,511 charitable organizations.
文摘The digital age has created new avenues of expression for generosity.The act of giving is no longer confined to traditional channels,but extends to screens,devices and networks.As pixels form the tapestry of compassion,the potential for impact is boundless,waiting to be unlocked by a nation that is poised to harness the digital age for a brighter and more altruistic tomorrow.
文摘Since Xi Jinping was first elected general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in late 2012 and later president of China in March 2013,he has showed great interest in giving China’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC)more dynamism.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Hengyang Normal University(16D06)Technology Support of Hengyang City(2015KG23)
文摘A new copper（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cu2（C7H5N4）2（3-C6H5NO2）2]n（1） has been hydrothermally synthesized with copper hydroxide, 3-（pyridin-2-yl）-1,2,4-triazole（Hpt） and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid（3-PCA）. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a=16.854（2）, b=7.8616（8）, c=20.630（2） , β=111.126（2）o, V=2549.7（5） 3, Dc=1.723 g/cm3, Z=8, F（000）=1336, the final GOOF=1.065, R=0.0380 and w R=0.0972. The whole molecule consisting of two copper ions are bridged by two μ2-η1：η0-3-（pyridin-2-yl）-1,2,4-triazole anions. The coordination environment of Cu（1） ion is CuO2N4, giving a distorted octahedron geometry. 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic interaction, and the electron transfer of 1 is irreversible in electrode reactions and the TG analysis shows that 1 is stable below 235 ℃.
