赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)是小麦最主要的病害之一,严重影响小麦生产安全和食品安全,研究小麦赤霉病抗性机理对于解决小麦赤霉病这一世界性难题具有重要意义。根据对赤霉病的抗性表现形式,将小麦赤霉病抗性分为五个大类,分别为...赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)是小麦最主要的病害之一,严重影响小麦生产安全和食品安全,研究小麦赤霉病抗性机理对于解决小麦赤霉病这一世界性难题具有重要意义。根据对赤霉病的抗性表现形式,将小麦赤霉病抗性分为五个大类,分别为抗侵入(Type I)、抗扩展(Type II)、籽粒抗感染(Type III)、耐病性(TypeⅣ)和抗毒素积累(Type V)。小麦赤霉病的抗性机理可以分为形态机制和生理机制,形态抗性机制是被动的,株高、抽穗期、花期长短、花药挤出程度、有芒无芒、穗长、穗密度、颖壳张开程度和穗部蜡质程度等形态特征均可能与赤霉病抗侵染特性有关。细胞学研究表明,病原菌侵染后抗病品种可迅速从细胞结构和生理生化方面产生防卫反应,通过乳突、胞壁沉积物的形成以及木质素、硫堇、富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白和水解酶类等的增长来协同抵御病菌在体内的扩展。在植物复杂的信号途径中,水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)和乙烯(ET)3种信号途径在植物抵御病原菌入侵中的作用最为重要,SA和ET信号途径对小麦赤霉病抗性方面的作用目前还存在一定争议,而JA信号途径在小麦赤霉病抗性中积极作用已经被多数研究者所证实。迄今为止,人类定位了200个以上不同类型的抗赤霉病QTL位点,这些位点分布于所有的小麦染色体,其中的22个QTL位点被不同的作图群体所定位,包括2个定位在3BS和6BS染色体上稳定的抗扩展位点Fhb1和Fhb2,以及2个定位在4B和5A染色体上的抗侵染位点Fhb4和Fhb5。在受到病原菌侵染后,植物会产生一系列复杂的信号途径激活应答反应,诱导抗病相关基因的表达,进而引起蛋白以及代谢水平的变化,抵御病原菌的侵袭,研究表明,病程相关蛋白基因、抗菌肽基因、转录因子基因、脱毒相关蛋白基因以及其他赤霉病抗性相关基因均参与了小麦赤霉病抗性提高的过程。随着生�展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. ...Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. In this article, we review our long-time effort in identifying the resistance genes and dissecting the resistance mechanisms by both forward and reverse genetics approaches in the last two decades. We present recent progress in resistance QTL identification, candidate functional gene discovery, marker-assisted improvement of FHB resistant varieties, and findings in investigating association of signal molecules, such as Ca^(++),SA, JA, and ET, with FHB response, with the assistance from rapidly growing genomics platforms. The information will be helpful for designing novel and efficient approaches to curb FHB.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0101802, 2016YFD0101004)National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB117205, 2012CB125902)+5 种基金National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2002AA224161)National Science and Technology Major Project (2009ZX08009-049B, 2012ZX08009003)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Initiative for Modern Crop Production,'111' project B08025Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20131316)Innovation Team Program for Jiangsu Universities (2014)the long-term funding from the National Science Foundation of China (30025030,30430440,30721140555,31030054,30671295)
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB) or scab caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major threat to wheat production in China as well as in the world. To combat this disease, multiple efforts have been carried out internationally. In this article, we review our long-time effort in identifying the resistance genes and dissecting the resistance mechanisms by both forward and reverse genetics approaches in the last two decades. We present recent progress in resistance QTL identification, candidate functional gene discovery, marker-assisted improvement of FHB resistant varieties, and findings in investigating association of signal molecules, such as Ca^(++),SA, JA, and ET, with FHB response, with the assistance from rapidly growing genomics platforms. The information will be helpful for designing novel and efficient approaches to curb FHB.