目的对我国中老年群体的多重慢性病发病率和身心健康状况进行分析,并探索相关影响因素。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(china health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)2018年第四次全国追访数据。调查覆盖了全国28个省的45...目的对我国中老年群体的多重慢性病发病率和身心健康状况进行分析,并探索相关影响因素。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(china health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)2018年第四次全国追访数据。调查覆盖了全国28个省的45岁以上受访者。研究纳入14种慢性病类型,若受访者被医生确诊2种或2种以上,则被定义为多重慢性病。采用基本日常生活活动能力(activity daily living,ADL)、工具性日常生活活动能力(instrumental activity daily living,IADL)和抑郁程度定义健康损失。结果多重慢性病患者(两种及两种以上患者)占比53.8%;其中,共患两种、三种、四种以上慢性病的占比分别为19.7%、14.2%和20.0%,存在ADL损失、IADL损失、抑郁的分别占比26.7%,26.6%,38.5%。年龄、女性性别、不良婚姻状况、农村和中西部居住环境是共病发病和健康状况的危险因素。结论多重慢病已成为我国最严重公共卫生问题之一。政府应重视这一重大健康问题,调整卫生体系服务重心,加大资源投入,提高应对与管理能力。展开更多
以黄土丘陵区草地植被群落3种优势种白羊草、长芒草和达乌里胡枝子为对象,采用裂区试验设计,设置0、50和100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-13个氮处理和0、40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1 3个磷处理,于生长旺盛期测定了各植物的叶长...以黄土丘陵区草地植被群落3种优势种白羊草、长芒草和达乌里胡枝子为对象,采用裂区试验设计,设置0、50和100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-13个氮处理和0、40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1 3个磷处理,于生长旺盛期测定了各植物的叶长、叶宽、比叶面积、叶片干物质含量、叶片氮、磷含量和氮磷比等指标,分析不同优势种叶片功能性状对氮磷添加的响应差异.结果表明:与未施肥相比,50和100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下白羊草叶长和叶宽分别显著增加35.3%和64.4%,而长芒草仅有叶长显著增加58.8%,达乌里胡枝子仅有叶宽显著增加33.9%,但三者叶片干物质含量分别显著降低10.7%、15.3%和11.2%,白羊草和长芒草叶片氮含量分别显著增加23.0%和99.2%,氮磷比分别显著增加45.8%和96.9%;40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1处理下达乌里胡枝子叶长、叶宽和比叶面积分别显著增加56.9%、41.4%和19.6%,叶片干物质含量显著下降14.9%,三者叶片磷含量分别显著增加96.7%、110.9%和238.4%,氮磷比分别显著降低45.8%、42.8%和53.7%.50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下,与未施磷相比,40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1处理后仅达乌里胡枝子叶长和叶宽显著增大,3种植物叶片磷含量显著增加,白羊草和长芒草叶片氮含量显著降低;100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下,施磷后白羊草和长芒草叶长、达乌里胡枝子叶宽显著增大,三者叶片磷含量显著增加,白羊草叶片氮含量显著降低.综上表明,3个优势种植物叶片功能性状对短期氮磷添加的响应存在明显差异,这些差异与物种属性和施肥水平有关,不同优势种对氮磷添加响应的差异对维持草地群落多样性和稳定性具有重要作用.展开更多
Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development, as well as the structure and function of ecosystems. Hence, leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep under...Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development, as well as the structure and function of ecosystems. Hence, leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep understanding of plant nutrient status, nutrient limitation type of ecosystems, plant life-history strategy and differentiation of functional groups. However, the status and pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometry in N-deficiency desert ecosystems remain unclear. Under this context, the leaf samples from 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, eastern Junggar Desert, China were investigated and the patterns and interrelations of leaf N and P were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the average leaf N concentration, P concentration, and N：P ratio were 30.81 mg/g, 1.77 mg/g and 17.72, respectively. This study found that the leaf N concentration and N：P ratio were significantly higher than those of studies conducted at global, national and regional scales; however, the leaf P concentration was at moderate level. Leaf N concentration was allometrically correlated with leaf P and N：P ratio across all species. Leaf N, P concentrations and N：P ratio differed to a certain extent among plant functional groups. C4 plants and shrubs, particularly shrubs with assimilative branches, showed an obviously lower P concentration than those of C3 plants, herbs and shrubs without assimilative branches. Shrubs with assimilative branches also had lower N concentration. Fabaceae plants had the highest leaf N, P concentrations （as well as Asteraceae） and N：P ratio; other families had a similar N, P-stoichiometry. The soil in this study was characterized by a lack of N （total N：P ratio was 0.605）, but had high N availability compared with P （i.e. the available N：P ratio was 1.86）. This might explain why plant leaves had high N concentration （leaf N：P ratio〉16）. In conclusion, the desert plants in the extreme environment in this study have formed their intr展开更多
文摘以黄土丘陵区草地植被群落3种优势种白羊草、长芒草和达乌里胡枝子为对象,采用裂区试验设计,设置0、50和100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-13个氮处理和0、40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1 3个磷处理,于生长旺盛期测定了各植物的叶长、叶宽、比叶面积、叶片干物质含量、叶片氮、磷含量和氮磷比等指标,分析不同优势种叶片功能性状对氮磷添加的响应差异.结果表明:与未施肥相比,50和100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下白羊草叶长和叶宽分别显著增加35.3%和64.4%,而长芒草仅有叶长显著增加58.8%,达乌里胡枝子仅有叶宽显著增加33.9%,但三者叶片干物质含量分别显著降低10.7%、15.3%和11.2%,白羊草和长芒草叶片氮含量分别显著增加23.0%和99.2%,氮磷比分别显著增加45.8%和96.9%;40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1处理下达乌里胡枝子叶长、叶宽和比叶面积分别显著增加56.9%、41.4%和19.6%,叶片干物质含量显著下降14.9%,三者叶片磷含量分别显著增加96.7%、110.9%和238.4%,氮磷比分别显著降低45.8%、42.8%和53.7%.50 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下,与未施磷相比,40和80 kg P2O5·hm^-2·a^-1处理后仅达乌里胡枝子叶长和叶宽显著增大,3种植物叶片磷含量显著增加,白羊草和长芒草叶片氮含量显著降低;100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1处理下,施磷后白羊草和长芒草叶长、达乌里胡枝子叶宽显著增大,三者叶片磷含量显著增加,白羊草叶片氮含量显著降低.综上表明,3个优势种植物叶片功能性状对短期氮磷添加的响应存在明显差异,这些差异与物种属性和施肥水平有关,不同优势种对氮磷添加响应的差异对维持草地群落多样性和稳定性具有重要作用.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201056)the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB954202)+2 种基金the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XBBS-2014-20)the Program of Joint Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundationthe Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(U1503101)
文摘Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development, as well as the structure and function of ecosystems. Hence, leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep understanding of plant nutrient status, nutrient limitation type of ecosystems, plant life-history strategy and differentiation of functional groups. However, the status and pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometry in N-deficiency desert ecosystems remain unclear. Under this context, the leaf samples from 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, eastern Junggar Desert, China were investigated and the patterns and interrelations of leaf N and P were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the average leaf N concentration, P concentration, and N：P ratio were 30.81 mg/g, 1.77 mg/g and 17.72, respectively. This study found that the leaf N concentration and N：P ratio were significantly higher than those of studies conducted at global, national and regional scales; however, the leaf P concentration was at moderate level. Leaf N concentration was allometrically correlated with leaf P and N：P ratio across all species. Leaf N, P concentrations and N：P ratio differed to a certain extent among plant functional groups. C4 plants and shrubs, particularly shrubs with assimilative branches, showed an obviously lower P concentration than those of C3 plants, herbs and shrubs without assimilative branches. Shrubs with assimilative branches also had lower N concentration. Fabaceae plants had the highest leaf N, P concentrations （as well as Asteraceae） and N：P ratio; other families had a similar N, P-stoichiometry. The soil in this study was characterized by a lack of N （total N：P ratio was 0.605）, but had high N availability compared with P （i.e. the available N：P ratio was 1.86）. This might explain why plant leaves had high N concentration （leaf N：P ratio〉16）. In conclusion, the desert plants in the extreme environment in this study have formed their intr
