<strong>Background: </strong>High-prevalence disorders among children are attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lead exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship betw...<strong>Background: </strong>High-prevalence disorders among children are attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lead exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between ADHD symptoms and hair lead levels and neurocognitive function among Mongolian children. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was the case study to investigate the relationship between hair lead and ADHD in Mongolian school kids. We conducted a pair-matching case-control study with 30 ADHD cases and 30 non ADHD controls for 7 - 12 years of age school children, based on the same age, and sex. Recruitment process was conducted from June 2018 to December 2019. The case and control study children were systematically selected by structured diagnostic interviews, including caregiver interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed (DSM-IV). <strong>Results:</strong> The average level of hair lead of the ADHD group was 1.45 ± 2.93 ppm and the control group’s lead level was 0.7 ± 1.59 ppm. We found ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C) patients showed the highest lead levels (p < 0.05). Hair lead levels were positively linked with the severity of ADHD symptoms, negatively linked with the Full-Scale Emotional Intelligence Quotient, but positively correlated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was discovered regarding the lead levels between the study and the control groups with significantly increased risks among boys and children whose mother had preeclampsia during the pregnancy period. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a notable negative connection between children’s hair lead levels with ADHD-Hyperactive (ADHD-H), and EQ (Emotional Quotient) level of children (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.329 and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.242, for original and log10 transformed, p < 0.001). The lead was linked with vulnerability to ADHD and symptom severity among those school-age chil展开更多
A new algorithm for fault superimposed quantity(FSIQ)is presented and analyzed.The network equations are built up by combining fault superimposed networks(FSIN)with the boundary conditions of FSIQ at the fault point a...A new algorithm for fault superimposed quantity(FSIQ)is presented and analyzed.The network equations are built up by combining fault superimposed networks(FSIN)with the boundary conditions of FSIQ at the fault point and are solved with the Newton iterative method.The algorithm has clear physical meaning and does not require an intermediate procedure to derive FSIQ.The algorithm is implemented by computer programming,and the results of calculations show that the algorithm is fast and accurate.The method can be used not only to calculate FSIQ in the complex power systems with simple or multiple faults,but also to analyze and evaluate the performance of the protective relays and automatic devices based on FSIQ.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>High-prevalence disorders among children are attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lead exposure. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between ADHD symptoms and hair lead levels and neurocognitive function among Mongolian children. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was the case study to investigate the relationship between hair lead and ADHD in Mongolian school kids. We conducted a pair-matching case-control study with 30 ADHD cases and 30 non ADHD controls for 7 - 12 years of age school children, based on the same age, and sex. Recruitment process was conducted from June 2018 to December 2019. The case and control study children were systematically selected by structured diagnostic interviews, including caregiver interviews based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed (DSM-IV). <strong>Results:</strong> The average level of hair lead of the ADHD group was 1.45 ± 2.93 ppm and the control group’s lead level was 0.7 ± 1.59 ppm. We found ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C) patients showed the highest lead levels (p < 0.05). Hair lead levels were positively linked with the severity of ADHD symptoms, negatively linked with the Full-Scale Emotional Intelligence Quotient, but positively correlated with inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was discovered regarding the lead levels between the study and the control groups with significantly increased risks among boys and children whose mother had preeclampsia during the pregnancy period. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a notable negative connection between children’s hair lead levels with ADHD-Hyperactive (ADHD-H), and EQ (Emotional Quotient) level of children (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.329 and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>0.242, for original and log10 transformed, p < 0.001). The lead was linked with vulnerability to ADHD and symptom severity among those school-age chil
基金study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50077011).
文摘A new algorithm for fault superimposed quantity(FSIQ)is presented and analyzed.The network equations are built up by combining fault superimposed networks(FSIN)with the boundary conditions of FSIQ at the fault point and are solved with the Newton iterative method.The algorithm has clear physical meaning and does not require an intermediate procedure to derive FSIQ.The algorithm is implemented by computer programming,and the results of calculations show that the algorithm is fast and accurate.The method can be used not only to calculate FSIQ in the complex power systems with simple or multiple faults,but also to analyze and evaluate the performance of the protective relays and automatic devices based on FSIQ.
