The effect of dextran on the conformation （or secondary structure） and thermal stability of creatine kinase （CK） was studied using the far-ultraviolet （UV） circular dichroism （CD） spectra. The results showed t...The effect of dextran on the conformation （or secondary structure） and thermal stability of creatine kinase （CK） was studied using the far-ultraviolet （UV） circular dichroism （CD） spectra. The results showed that lower concentrations of dextran （less than 60 g/L） induced formation of the secondary CK structures. However, the secondary structure content of CK decreased when the dextran concentrations exceeded 60 g/L. Thermally induced transition curves were measured for CK in the presence of different concentrations of dextran by far-UV CD. The thermal transition curves were fitted to a two-state model by a nonlinear, least-squares method to obtain the transition temperature of the unfolding transition. An increase in the transition temperature was observed with the increase of the dextran concentration. These observations qualitatively accord with predictions of a previously proposed model for the effect of intermolecular excluded volume （macromolecular crowding） on protein stability and conformation. These findings imply that the effects of macromolecular crowding can have an important influence on our understanding of how protein folding occurs in vivo.展开更多
Measure based fuzzy logic, which is constructed on the basis of eight axioms, is a seemingly powerful fuzzy logic. It possesses several remarkable properties. (1) It is an extended Boolean logic, satisfying all the p...Measure based fuzzy logic, which is constructed on the basis of eight axioms, is a seemingly powerful fuzzy logic. It possesses several remarkable properties. (1) It is an extended Boolean logic, satisfying all the properties of Boolean algebra, including the law of excluded middle and the law of contradiction. (2) It is conditional. Conditional membership functions play an important role in this logic. (3) The negation operator is not independently defined with the conjunction and disjunction operators, but on the contrary, it is derived from them. (4) Zadehs fuzzy logic is included in it as a particular case. (5) It gives more hints to the relationship between fuzzy logic and probability logic.展开更多
We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retros...We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retrospective analysis of potential living donors(n = 1004) between May 2004 and December 2012. This report focuses on the analysis of causes, duration, cost, and various implications of donor exclusion(n = 792).Most of the transplant candidates(82.3%) had an experience with more than one excluded donor(median = 3). Some recipients travelled abroad for a deceased donor transplant(n = 12) and some died before finding a suitable donor(n = 14). The evaluation of an excluded donor is a time-consuming process(median = 3 d, range 1 d to 47 d). It is also a costly process with a median cost of approximately 70 USD(range 35 USD to 885 USD). From these results, living donor exclusion has negative implications on the patients and transplant program with ethical dilemmas and an economic impact. Many strategies are adopted by other centers to expand the donor pool; however, they are not all applicable in our locality. We conclude that an active legalized deceased donor transplantation program is necessary to overcome the shortage of available liver grafts in Egypt.展开更多
This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in th...This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in the recent works by Steinhauser et al., where a Rouse approach is adopted. Our model differs in that our chains have a finite average bending angle. As in the works by Steinhauser et al., Langevin dynamic simulations were performed without hydrodynamic interactions. Whereas this doesn＇t impact the static properties we obtain, it also allows us to compare our results on dynamic properties to those predicted by Rouse theory, where hydrodynamic interactions are also neglected. Our results show that the structural properties are very sensitive to the chain stiffness, whereas the dynamic scaling laws remain the same as those by Rouse theory, with the prefactor depending on the persistence length.展开更多
Differrent kinds of operations have been proposed in fuzzy set theory although Zadeh's operation is the most popoular. We discuss a new kind of fuzzy set operations which is based on measurement. In the measure b...Differrent kinds of operations have been proposed in fuzzy set theory although Zadeh's operation is the most popoular. We discuss a new kind of fuzzy set operations which is based on measurement. In the measure based operation, there are only two basic operators: operator for intersection and operator for union. These two operators are interrelated with each other, and conditional fuzzy measures(or conditional membership functions) are also included in these operators. Moreover, the operator for complement is not independently defined, and it is derived from the above two basic operators. The measure based operation brings to light some relations between Zadeh's operation and probabilistic operation. We show that both Zadeh's operation and probabilistic operation are special cases of measure based operators.We also discuss the problem of the law of excluded middle and the law of contradiction. It is shown that these laws still hold in fuzzy sets and this conclusion causes no difficulty in explaining the nature of fuzziness.展开更多
The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being bot...The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being both host and guest polymer in solution.The intrinsic viscosity of PVP in DMF is higher than in water and in MeOH,but also increases in a mixed solvent with high water content because of the effect of polymer-solvent interactions.It was also found that the intrinsic viscosity of PVP at finite concentration,[η_(pvp)]_c decreases with an increase in the concentration of PVP in solution.The viscosity behavior of PVP in a mixed solvent is affected by the concentration-dependent intermolecular excluded volume effect,which can be quantitatively expressed by the parameter,b_Y,which reflects the shrinkage of PVP chain coils,resulting in a decrease of[η_(pvp)]_c.The effect of temperature on the viscosity behavior of PVP in MeOH shows that the interaction parameter increases up to a maximum value,and then decreases after a certain temperature.展开更多
Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated ...Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated by them,and examples in each class are provided to explain the methods used.展开更多
The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section.Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal or other interesting pieces will be considered if they are receiv...The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section.Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal or other interesting pieces will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was published.Authors of the article being commented on will be given an opportunity to offer a timely response to the letter Authors of letters will be notified that the letter has been received. Unpublished letters cannot be returned.展开更多
One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Ge...One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Gerards and Kapoor proved that is the complete set of GF(4)-representability. In this paper, we show that is an excluded minor for GF(4)-representability.展开更多
A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory （SCFT）, where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated b...A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory （SCFT）, where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated by the external potential. In this theoretical model, the external potential, the Coulomb electrostatic potential of the charged ions （the electrolyte effect）, and the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore （the excluded volume effect） are all considered, which have effects on the free energy landscape and conformation entropy during the translocation stage. The result shows that the entropy barrier of the polymer in the solution with high valence electrolyte is much larger than that with low valence electrolyte under the same condition, leading to that the translocation time of the DNA molecules in the solution increases when the valence electrolyte increases. In addition, the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore increases the free energy of the polymer, which means that the probability of the translocation through the nanopore increases. The average translocation time decreases when the excluded volume effect parameter increases. The electrolyte effect can prolong the average translocation time. The simulation results agree well with the available experimental results.展开更多
Objective To explore the efficacy and prognosis of first-line autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT) for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods From January 2005
The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical s...The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical symptoms but also delayed the developmental pro-cess of this disorder. It also verified the correctness of the traditional theory that the kidney dominates the bone and generates the marrow.展开更多
A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, comput...A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the mathematical structure underlying the time series generated from the elementary cellular automaton of rule 56 is analyzed and its complexity is determined, in which the Dyck language and Catalan numbers emerge naturally.展开更多
基金the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, the Ministry of Education, China
文摘The effect of dextran on the conformation （or secondary structure） and thermal stability of creatine kinase （CK） was studied using the far-ultraviolet （UV） circular dichroism （CD） spectra. The results showed that lower concentrations of dextran （less than 60 g/L） induced formation of the secondary CK structures. However, the secondary structure content of CK decreased when the dextran concentrations exceeded 60 g/L. Thermally induced transition curves were measured for CK in the presence of different concentrations of dextran by far-UV CD. The thermal transition curves were fitted to a two-state model by a nonlinear, least-squares method to obtain the transition temperature of the unfolding transition. An increase in the transition temperature was observed with the increase of the dextran concentration. These observations qualitatively accord with predictions of a previously proposed model for the effect of intermolecular excluded volume （macromolecular crowding） on protein stability and conformation. These findings imply that the effects of macromolecular crowding can have an important influence on our understanding of how protein folding occurs in vivo.
文摘Measure based fuzzy logic, which is constructed on the basis of eight axioms, is a seemingly powerful fuzzy logic. It possesses several remarkable properties. (1) It is an extended Boolean logic, satisfying all the properties of Boolean algebra, including the law of excluded middle and the law of contradiction. (2) It is conditional. Conditional membership functions play an important role in this logic. (3) The negation operator is not independently defined with the conjunction and disjunction operators, but on the contrary, it is derived from them. (4) Zadehs fuzzy logic is included in it as a particular case. (5) It gives more hints to the relationship between fuzzy logic and probability logic.
文摘We report our experience with potential donors for living donor liver transplantation(LDLT), which is the first report from an area where there is no legalized deceased donation program. This is a single center retrospective analysis of potential living donors(n = 1004) between May 2004 and December 2012. This report focuses on the analysis of causes, duration, cost, and various implications of donor exclusion(n = 792).Most of the transplant candidates(82.3%) had an experience with more than one excluded donor(median = 3). Some recipients travelled abroad for a deceased donor transplant(n = 12) and some died before finding a suitable donor(n = 14). The evaluation of an excluded donor is a time-consuming process(median = 3 d, range 1 d to 47 d). It is also a costly process with a median cost of approximately 70 USD(range 35 USD to 885 USD). From these results, living donor exclusion has negative implications on the patients and transplant program with ethical dilemmas and an economic impact. Many strategies are adopted by other centers to expand the donor pool; however, they are not all applicable in our locality. We conclude that an active legalized deceased donor transplantation program is necessary to overcome the shortage of available liver grafts in Egypt.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10572056)
文摘This work investigates the effects of the excluded volume and especially those of the chain stiffness on the structural and dynamical properties of a model polymer chain. The theoretical framework is the same as in the recent works by Steinhauser et al., where a Rouse approach is adopted. Our model differs in that our chains have a finite average bending angle. As in the works by Steinhauser et al., Langevin dynamic simulations were performed without hydrodynamic interactions. Whereas this doesn＇t impact the static properties we obtain, it also allows us to compare our results on dynamic properties to those predicted by Rouse theory, where hydrodynamic interactions are also neglected. Our results show that the structural properties are very sensitive to the chain stiffness, whereas the dynamic scaling laws remain the same as those by Rouse theory, with the prefactor depending on the persistence length.
文摘Differrent kinds of operations have been proposed in fuzzy set theory although Zadeh's operation is the most popoular. We discuss a new kind of fuzzy set operations which is based on measurement. In the measure based operation, there are only two basic operators: operator for intersection and operator for union. These two operators are interrelated with each other, and conditional fuzzy measures(or conditional membership functions) are also included in these operators. Moreover, the operator for complement is not independently defined, and it is derived from the above two basic operators. The measure based operation brings to light some relations between Zadeh's operation and probabilistic operation. We show that both Zadeh's operation and probabilistic operation are special cases of measure based operators.We also discuss the problem of the law of excluded middle and the law of contradiction. It is shown that these laws still hold in fuzzy sets and this conclusion causes no difficulty in explaining the nature of fuzziness.
文摘The viscosity behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)has been determined at 25℃ in mixed solvents comprising water/dimethylformamide(DMF)and water/methanol(MeOH).Analysis of the data has considered the PVP as being both host and guest polymer in solution.The intrinsic viscosity of PVP in DMF is higher than in water and in MeOH,but also increases in a mixed solvent with high water content because of the effect of polymer-solvent interactions.It was also found that the intrinsic viscosity of PVP at finite concentration,[η_(pvp)]_c decreases with an increase in the concentration of PVP in solution.The viscosity behavior of PVP in a mixed solvent is affected by the concentration-dependent intermolecular excluded volume effect,which can be quantitatively expressed by the parameter,b_Y,which reflects the shrinkage of PVP chain coils,resulting in a decrease of[η_(pvp)]_c.The effect of temperature on the viscosity behavior of PVP in MeOH shows that the interaction parameter increases up to a maximum value,and then decreases after a certain temperature.
文摘Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the classification problem of all 256 elementary cellular automata is discussed from the point of view of time series generated by them,and examples in each class are provided to explain the methods used.
文摘The Editor welcomes submissions for possible publication in the Letters to the Editor section.Letters commenting on an article published in the Journal or other interesting pieces will be considered if they are received within 6 weeks of the time the article was published.Authors of the article being commented on will be given an opportunity to offer a timely response to the letter Authors of letters will be notified that the letter has been received. Unpublished letters cannot be returned.
文摘One of the mainly interesting things of matroid theory is the representability of a matroid. Finding the set of all excluded minors for the representability is the solution of the representability. In 2000, Geelen, Gerards and Kapoor proved that is the complete set of GF(4)-representability. In this paper, we show that is an excluded minor for GF(4)-representability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51375090)
文摘A theoretical model for the translocation process of biomacromolecule is developed based on the self-consistent field theory （SCFT）, where the biomacromolecule is regarded as a self-avoiding polymer chain actuated by the external potential. In this theoretical model, the external potential, the Coulomb electrostatic potential of the charged ions （the electrolyte effect）, and the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore （the excluded volume effect） are all considered, which have effects on the free energy landscape and conformation entropy during the translocation stage. The result shows that the entropy barrier of the polymer in the solution with high valence electrolyte is much larger than that with low valence electrolyte under the same condition, leading to that the translocation time of the DNA molecules in the solution increases when the valence electrolyte increases. In addition, the attractive interaction between the polymer and the nanopore increases the free energy of the polymer, which means that the probability of the translocation through the nanopore increases. The average translocation time decreases when the excluded volume effect parameter increases. The electrolyte effect can prolong the average translocation time. The simulation results agree well with the available experimental results.
文摘Objective To explore the efficacy and prognosis of first-line autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT) for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods From January 2005
文摘The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical symptoms but also delayed the developmental pro-cess of this disorder. It also verified the correctness of the traditional theory that the kidney dominates the bone and generates the marrow.
基金This work is supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project.
文摘A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the mathematical structure underlying the time series generated from the elementary cellular automaton of rule 56 is analyzed and its complexity is determined, in which the Dyck language and Catalan numbers emerge naturally.
