The values of non-marketable forest products have largely been ignored, which made the conservation of the natural resources increasingly more economically difficult. Based on the previous studies, compensation subsid...The values of non-marketable forest products have largely been ignored, which made the conservation of the natural resources increasingly more economically difficult. Based on the previous studies, compensation subsidy for the values of non-marketable forest products was computed with a method of compensation coefficient that combines the Engel Coefficient and Logistic Curve. The method was applied in Changbai Mountain area. The total value of the compensation subsidy in 1999 was supposed to 637.93 Yuan·hm-2, of which 70% would be paid directly to the local stakeholders and is much higher than the compensation subsidy previously computed (75Yuan·hm-2·year-1). It is currently impossible for the central government to bear all the costs and investment of natural forest protection. A practical solution is that the local government should invest in forest and put the compensation subsidy into the current revenue.展开更多
By using properties of triangular algebra, we prove that if derivations D and G on a triangular algebra T satisfy certain generalized identities, then both D and G are zero mappings. As a corollary we get that if D an...By using properties of triangular algebra, we prove that if derivations D and G on a triangular algebra T satisfy certain generalized identities, then both D and G are zero mappings. As a corollary we get that if D and G are cocentralizing on T, then both D and G are zero mappings.展开更多
Based on the empirical analysis of rural residents’ income and consumption, we are going to discuss the reasons for the weak income growth and lagging consumption of rural residents in China. Finally, we propose rele...Based on the empirical analysis of rural residents’ income and consumption, we are going to discuss the reasons for the weak income growth and lagging consumption of rural residents in China. Finally, we propose relevant suggestions and measures to increase rural residents’ income, promote rural residents’ consumption and develop rural markets.展开更多
Engel GL于1977年在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇著名的论文，在该论文中他提出了一个新的健康模式：健康与疾病是生物、心理及社会因素相互作用的结果，即生物．心理．社会模式。生物心理社会模式提出后在健康领域产生了广泛的影响，导致...Engel GL于1977年在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇著名的论文，在该论文中他提出了一个新的健康模式：健康与疾病是生物、心理及社会因素相互作用的结果，即生物．心理．社会模式。生物心理社会模式提出后在健康领域产生了广泛的影响，导致了医学模式转变的运动，即传统的生物医学模式转向当代生物心理社会医学模式，使健康领域发生了深刻的变革。在这种新的医学模式的影响下，人们开始更加关注健康的心理学因素，坚持从生理、心理和社会多个方面研究个体或团体的健康状况、疾病的病因、病理过程及相应的干预措施。展开更多
The development of needle resin ducts of Pinus elliottii was studied using electron microscope. The results indicate that the resin duct development encompasses at least three distinctive development stages: the s...The development of needle resin ducts of Pinus elliottii was studied using electron microscope. The results indicate that the resin duct development encompasses at least three distinctive development stages: the stage of initial cells, the stage of middle lamellae expansion and intercellular space appearance, and the stage of cavity enlargement and the resin duct formation. During the whole development stages, all kinds of organells in the duct cells show different ultrastructural features and regularity, among them the plastids' changing is the most striking one. On the basis of analysing the ultrastructural features of developing resin duct cells, the pattern of duct cavity formation, possible sites of resin synthesis, the manner and way of the resin elimination from the protoplast are discussed.展开更多
Let E be the Engel group and D be a bracket generating left invariant distribution with a Lorentzian metric, which is a nondegenerate metric of index 1. In this paper, the author constructs a parametrization of a quas...Let E be the Engel group and D be a bracket generating left invariant distribution with a Lorentzian metric, which is a nondegenerate metric of index 1. In this paper, the author constructs a parametrization of a quasi-pendulum equation by Jacobi functions, and then gets the space-like Hamiltonian geodesics in the Engel group with a sub-Lorentzian metric.展开更多
Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional n-Lie algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that an n-Lie algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are ideals, is nil...Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional n-Lie algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that an n-Lie algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive 2-soluble n-Lie algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal, and all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.展开更多
On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,n...On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.展开更多
We show that conformal mappings between the Engel groups are CR or anti-CR mappings. This reduces the determination of conformal mappings to a problem in the theory of several complex analysis.The result about the gro...We show that conformal mappings between the Engel groups are CR or anti-CR mappings. This reduces the determination of conformal mappings to a problem in the theory of several complex analysis.The result about the group of CR automorphisms is used to determine the identity component of the group of conformal mappings on the Engel group.展开更多
In this paper, we are concerned with the Riesz means of Dirichlet eigenvalues for the sub-Laplace operator on the Engel group and deriver different inequalities for Riesz means. The Weyl-type estimates for means of ei...In this paper, we are concerned with the Riesz means of Dirichlet eigenvalues for the sub-Laplace operator on the Engel group and deriver different inequalities for Riesz means. The Weyl-type estimates for means of eigenvalues are given.展开更多
文摘The values of non-marketable forest products have largely been ignored, which made the conservation of the natural resources increasingly more economically difficult. Based on the previous studies, compensation subsidy for the values of non-marketable forest products was computed with a method of compensation coefficient that combines the Engel Coefficient and Logistic Curve. The method was applied in Changbai Mountain area. The total value of the compensation subsidy in 1999 was supposed to 637.93 Yuan·hm-2, of which 70% would be paid directly to the local stakeholders and is much higher than the compensation subsidy previously computed (75Yuan·hm-2·year-1). It is currently impossible for the central government to bear all the costs and investment of natural forest protection. A practical solution is that the local government should invest in forest and put the compensation subsidy into the current revenue.
基金The NSF(11101175,11371165) of China985 Project211 Project
文摘By using properties of triangular algebra, we prove that if derivations D and G on a triangular algebra T satisfy certain generalized identities, then both D and G are zero mappings. As a corollary we get that if D and G are cocentralizing on T, then both D and G are zero mappings.
基金Supported by General Research Project of Jiangsu Universities in Philosophy and Social Sciences "Research on the Long-Term Mechanism of Expanding Consumption Demand of Rural Residents in Jiangsu during the Historical Intersection of the"Two Centenary Goals"(2022SJYB0493)。
文摘Based on the empirical analysis of rural residents’ income and consumption, we are going to discuss the reasons for the weak income growth and lagging consumption of rural residents in China. Finally, we propose relevant suggestions and measures to increase rural residents’ income, promote rural residents’ consumption and develop rural markets.
文摘The development of needle resin ducts of Pinus elliottii was studied using electron microscope. The results indicate that the resin duct development encompasses at least three distinctive development stages: the stage of initial cells, the stage of middle lamellae expansion and intercellular space appearance, and the stage of cavity enlargement and the resin duct formation. During the whole development stages, all kinds of organells in the duct cells show different ultrastructural features and regularity, among them the plastids' changing is the most striking one. On the basis of analysing the ultrastructural features of developing resin duct cells, the pattern of duct cavity formation, possible sites of resin synthesis, the manner and way of the resin elimination from the protoplast are discussed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University(No.2017NJMU005).
文摘Let E be the Engel group and D be a bracket generating left invariant distribution with a Lorentzian metric, which is a nondegenerate metric of index 1. In this paper, the author constructs a parametrization of a quasi-pendulum equation by Jacobi functions, and then gets the space-like Hamiltonian geodesics in the Engel group with a sub-Lorentzian metric.
文摘Engel subalgebras of finite-dimensional n-Lie algebras are shown to have similar properties to those of Lie algebras. Using these, it is shown that an n-Lie algebra, all of whose maximal subalgebras are ideals, is nilpotent. A primitive 2-soluble n-Lie algebra is shown to split over its minimal ideal, and all the complements to its minimal ideal are conjugate. A subalgebra is shown to be a Cartan subalgebra if and only if it is minimal Engel, provided that the field has sufficiently many elements. Cartan subalgebras are shown to have a property analogous to intravariance.
文摘On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel's coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel's coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy:in terms of region horizontally,Engel's coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel's coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China's rural areas,the correction model of Engel's coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation(food+ education+ medical service) /Percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of variation of(total expenditure educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel's coefficient=Percentage of expenditure variation of food/Percentage of total expenditure variation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10871172)
文摘We show that conformal mappings between the Engel groups are CR or anti-CR mappings. This reduces the determination of conformal mappings to a problem in the theory of several complex analysis.The result about the group of CR automorphisms is used to determine the identity component of the group of conformal mappings on the Engel group.
文摘In this paper, we are concerned with the Riesz means of Dirichlet eigenvalues for the sub-Laplace operator on the Engel group and deriver different inequalities for Riesz means. The Weyl-type estimates for means of eigenvalues are given.
