Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that host.Emerald ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North...Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that host.Emerald ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from Asia.While all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive infestation.We selected ash trees in southeastern Michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 years.Ring width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance trees.Regression slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest slope.Wound closure was greatest in high tolerance trees.High tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)growth.Those vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our categorization.Linking previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.展开更多
Emerald ash borer （Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire） （Coleoptera： Buprestidae） is a major stem borer of ash （Fraxinus spp.）. It is univoltine in Tianjin, while it is semivoltine in Heilongjiang Province, and both ...Emerald ash borer （Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire） （Coleoptera： Buprestidae） is a major stem borer of ash （Fraxinus spp.）. It is univoltine in Tianjin, while it is semivoltine in Heilongjiang Province, and both univoltine and semivoltine in Changchun, Jilin Province, where the majority is univoltine. The longevity of emerald ash borer adults is 17.2 ± 4.6 days （n = 45）, eggs 9.0 5：1.1 days （n = 103）, univoltine larvae 308 days, semivoltine larvae 673 days, and pupae 61.2 ± 1.6 days （n = 45）. It takes about 100 days from the time larvae bore into the phloem to when they complete the pupal cell. In a 10-year-old velvet ash （Fraxinus velutina Tort.） plantation in Tianjin, emerald ash borer preferred to oviposit on the regions of boles from 50-150 cm above ground, accounting for 76.7% of the total girdling. Girdling on the south side of the tree boles accounted for 43.40% of the total girdling. The emerald ash borer population density is higher at the edge of the plantation compared with the center.展开更多
Polymeric visual decoys of beetle of an invasive species called the Emerald Ash Borer （EAB）, Agrilus planipennis, are highly efficacious in luring and trapping EAB males. Although industrially scalable, the biorepli...Polymeric visual decoys of beetle of an invasive species called the Emerald Ash Borer （EAB）, Agrilus planipennis, are highly efficacious in luring and trapping EAB males. Although industrially scalable, the bioreplication process to t）tbricate these decoys involves several operational steps. In a simpler bioreplication process devised by us, a multi-cavity negative die of nickel is made from an array of several EAB females. This die is used to fabricate multiple decoys simultaneously by casting and ihermal curing of poly（dimethyl siloxane）. Finally, the decoys are sprayed by first a black paint and then a metallic green paint. The new bioreplication process has considerably fewer operational steps than its predecessor and can be adopted by industry.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Purdue University Fort Wayne Honors Programthe John Z.Duling Grant Program from the Tree Research and Education Fund
文摘Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that host.Emerald ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from Asia.While all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive infestation.We selected ash trees in southeastern Michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 years.Ring width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance trees.Regression slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest slope.Wound closure was greatest in high tolerance trees.High tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)growth.Those vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our categorization.Linking previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.
基金Acknowledgments We thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical review of an earlier version of this manuscript. This work is funded by the USDA Forest Service, FHTET and the publication of the paper is partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30525009）.
文摘Emerald ash borer （Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire） （Coleoptera： Buprestidae） is a major stem borer of ash （Fraxinus spp.）. It is univoltine in Tianjin, while it is semivoltine in Heilongjiang Province, and both univoltine and semivoltine in Changchun, Jilin Province, where the majority is univoltine. The longevity of emerald ash borer adults is 17.2 ± 4.6 days （n = 45）, eggs 9.0 5：1.1 days （n = 103）, univoltine larvae 308 days, semivoltine larvae 673 days, and pupae 61.2 ± 1.6 days （n = 45）. It takes about 100 days from the time larvae bore into the phloem to when they complete the pupal cell. In a 10-year-old velvet ash （Fraxinus velutina Tort.） plantation in Tianjin, emerald ash borer preferred to oviposit on the regions of boles from 50-150 cm above ground, accounting for 76.7% of the total girdling. Girdling on the south side of the tree boles accounted for 43.40% of the total girdling. The emerald ash borer population density is higher at the edge of the plantation compared with the center.
文摘Polymeric visual decoys of beetle of an invasive species called the Emerald Ash Borer （EAB）, Agrilus planipennis, are highly efficacious in luring and trapping EAB males. Although industrially scalable, the bioreplication process to t）tbricate these decoys involves several operational steps. In a simpler bioreplication process devised by us, a multi-cavity negative die of nickel is made from an array of several EAB females. This die is used to fabricate multiple decoys simultaneously by casting and ihermal curing of poly（dimethyl siloxane）. Finally, the decoys are sprayed by first a black paint and then a metallic green paint. The new bioreplication process has considerably fewer operational steps than its predecessor and can be adopted by industry.
