Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides（Zhizi in Chinese） have been used as dietary supplement and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recent studies on Gardenia jasminoides reveal that the extracts or the a...Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides（Zhizi in Chinese） have been used as dietary supplement and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recent studies on Gardenia jasminoides reveal that the extracts or the active components play an essential role in oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatoprotection,neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, antitumor and so on. Here, we reviewed G. jasminoides in the aspects of botanical identity, chemical ingredients, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity evaluation, clinical application, etc.展开更多
Objectives： Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis（Zhizi）, belonging to Rubiaceae family, has been traditionally used for treatment cholestasis and jaundice for centuries in Asian countries. In the theory of Traditional Chines...Objectives： Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis（Zhizi）, belonging to Rubiaceae family, has been traditionally used for treatment cholestasis and jaundice for centuries in Asian countries. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhizi could dispel dampness and heat via the urine to execute its choleretic effects. However, the potential molecular mechanism has been still poorly clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of different dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder（0.3 g/kg/d and 0.9 g/kg/d） on urinary excretion of bile acids（BAs）, and defined the potential mechanism via renal BAs efflux transporters Mrp2 and Mrp4 in normal rats.Methods： Male Wistar rats were orally administrated with 0.3 or 0.9 g/kg/d dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder for 2 weeks, then body weight, serum aminotransferase, total BAs concentrations in liver, bile,serum, kidney and urine, 1 h bile flow, 12-h urinary volume, biliary and urinary excretion amount of total BAs as well as protein expression of major renal BAs efflux transporter Mrp2 and Mrp4, were all evaluated.Results： Zhizi especially the high dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder could reduce hepatic total BAs concentration. Additionally, bile flow and biliary excretion had no significant difference, but the remarkable increasing urinary excretion of BAs and 2 to 3 folds up-regulated renal Mrp2 expression were observed after administrated with Zhizi as compared with the control group.Conclusion： The findings indicate that Zhizi reduces hepatic total BAs level by increasing urinary excretion rather than the biliary excretion of BAs, which, in turn ascribed to elevated protein expression of Mrp2 at apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M展开更多
This article explores and re-evaluates Zhang Jingsheng＇s views on sex education and aesthetic education, as revealed in his book Sexual Histories and in articles that he published in the journal New Culture. His endo...This article explores and re-evaluates Zhang Jingsheng＇s views on sex education and aesthetic education, as revealed in his book Sexual Histories and in articles that he published in the journal New Culture. His endorsement of sex education and aesthetic education constructed a sexual discourse, advocating the redefinition- of Chinese men and women＇s gender and sexuality through knowledge/power. Zhang Jingsheng highly valued eugenics and ＂aesthetic sexual intercourse,＂ and he attempted to use sex education to improve Chinese people＇s innate physical weakness and their ＂androgynous＂ sexual characteristics. By prescribing an aesthetic education that covered all fundamental aspects of life, he also attempted to remedy what he saw as the inadequate or inverted models of masculinity and femininity available to Chinese men and women. Furthermore, by collecting and analyzing articles solicited for Sexual Histories and letters addressed to New Culture, he discussed how to cure the sexual perversions that were associated with Chinese men and women＇s sexualities. Finally, this article compares the contents of New Culture with the discourses （in Chinese and other languages） on sexual difference published in other Chinese journals in the 1920s, including how the discourses on sexual difference by Havelock Ellis and Edward Carpenter were translated into the modern Chinese context. The article concludes that the contributors to New Culture held unified opinions on the issues of homosexuality and women＇s liberation. Thus, in comparison with journals such as The Chinese Educational Review, The Ladies ＇Journal, and New Women, New Culture was less tolerant of divergent opinions. Although Zhang supported sexual liberation, he nonetheless sought to eliminate homosexuality from the aesthetic society that he envisioned. His idea of sexual liberation tended to signify women＇s liberation and excluded a homosexual agenda because he was homophobic. For most of the May Fourth Generation, including Zhang Jingsheng,展开更多
We generalize an important theorem of Fred Galvin from the Stone-Cˇech compactification βT of any discrete semigroup T to any compact Hausdorff right-topological semigroup with a dense topological center;and then ap...We generalize an important theorem of Fred Galvin from the Stone-Cˇech compactification βT of any discrete semigroup T to any compact Hausdorff right-topological semigroup with a dense topological center;and then apply it to Ellis' semigroups to prove that a point is distal if and only if it is IP*-recurrent, for any semiflow(T, X) with arbitrary compact Hausdorff phase space X not necessarily metrizable and with arbitrary phase semigroup T not necessarily cancelable.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to ascertain the metabolic detoxification routes of genipin via CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 in Hepa RG cells.It was found that the hepatic CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 synergistically medi...In the present study,we aimed to ascertain the metabolic detoxification routes of genipin via CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 in Hepa RG cells.It was found that the hepatic CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 synergistically mediated the metabolic detoxification of genipin,and the CYP3A4 was the limited enzyme.In detail,the pivotal detoxification pathway was CYP3A4-SULT2 A1/UGT1 A1,indicating that SULT2 A1 and UGT1 A1 further catalyzed the phase II detoxification metabolism followed by the genipin metabolization by CYP3A4 to the phase I metabolites with alleviated toxicity.Our findings provided valuable cues for future studies on the detoxification of genipin,even the compatibility detoxification of Zhi-zi.Moreover,these data facilitated the development and rational administration of genipin and Zhi-zi.展开更多
A fifty-year-old female with recent history of LAD stent placement for instent restenosis, presented with chest pain and ventricular fibrillatory arrest. Angiography revealed total occlusion of her LAD stent. She unde...A fifty-year-old female with recent history of LAD stent placement for instent restenosis, presented with chest pain and ventricular fibrillatory arrest. Angiography revealed total occlusion of her LAD stent. She underwent IVUS study, balloon angioplasty and stent placements. Post balloon dilatation of the under-deployed distal stent resulted in dual coronary artery perforations with extravasation of contrast into the LV cavity, a Type 4 Ellis coronary artery perforation (CAP). No extravasation was noted into the pericardium. Immediately a covered stent was deployed which completely sealed both perforation sites with resultant TIMI grade 3 flow. Under-deployment of stents is a common occurrence and is underappreciated. It can happen due to various reasons. Not many options exist at that time but to use a high pressure balloon and post dilate the stent. One rare complication is CAP due to post stent dilatation, with incidence reported as 0.1% to 3.0% of PCI procedures. Among the various type of CAP, Ellis Type 4 is of the least frequent however no studies have looked at its exact incidence rate. Prompt recognition and quick intervention are essential to good patient outcome. We chose to deploy a covered stent over the perforation with interim balloon tamponading. Deployment of the stent successfully sealed both the CAPs. Remarkably the patient remained stable and did not complain of chest pain throughout the procedure. The patient did well;she was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and is continuing to do well. We report a rare case of 2 distal LAD perforations that drained into the LV (an Ellis Type 4 CAP) caused by post stent dilatation that were successfully treated with a single covered stent. We report successful management of this case along with review of literature about management and dilemmas encountered is such instances.展开更多
By a dynamical system we mean a pair of (X,T), whereX is compact Hausdorff space. In this paper we define an adherence semigroupA(X,T--X x, which is the set of all pointwise limit of subnets of(T n)n∈N. We will prove...By a dynamical system we mean a pair of (X,T), whereX is compact Hausdorff space. In this paper we define an adherence semigroupA(X,T--X x, which is the set of all pointwise limit of subnets of(T n)n∈N. We will prove some commonness between adherence semigroup and Ellis semigroup.展开更多
Ellis Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the congenital anomalies not compatible with life. It is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. The most common manifestations of this syndrome are short ribs, postaxial ...Ellis Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the congenital anomalies not compatible with life. It is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. The most common manifestations of this syndrome are short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, growth retardation, and ectodermal and cardiac defects. It has an incidence of one in every 60,000 live births and equal sex predisposition. In our case, perinatal autopsy was performed in a stillborn baby of 32 weeks of gestation having syndactyly, polydactyly and short forearms to know the cause of death and the diagnosis emerged as EVC syndrome. It is important to diagnose EVC syndrome as it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder, so genetic counseling is required to make parents aware of the risk of recurrence.展开更多
Ellis and Branton introduced a class of non-self-similar sete;they gave an upper bound of Hausdorff dimension for such sets,and a conjecture of the lower bound for these sets.This paper gives a proof of this conjectur...Ellis and Branton introduced a class of non-self-similar sete;they gave an upper bound of Hausdorff dimension for such sets,and a conjecture of the lower bound for these sets.This paper gives a proof of this conjecture by using the lemma of Frostman.展开更多
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81373459)Chongqing Science and Technology Committee (CSTC,2015jcyjbx0064)+2 种基金Chongqing Science Found for Distinguished Young Scholars (2014jcyjjq10003)the Innovation of Science and Technology Leading Talent in Chongqing (2014kjcxljrc0018)the Innovative Research Team Development Program at the University of Chongqing (CXTDX201601031)
文摘Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides（Zhizi in Chinese） have been used as dietary supplement and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recent studies on Gardenia jasminoides reveal that the extracts or the active components play an essential role in oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatoprotection,neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, antitumor and so on. Here, we reviewed G. jasminoides in the aspects of botanical identity, chemical ingredients, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, safety and toxicity evaluation, clinical application, etc.
基金supported by the Prof. Xinan Wu’s,Dr. Yuhui Wei’s and Mr Guoqiang Zhang’s National Natural Science Foundation of China (Number:81373494,81373927,81641142 and 81702853)
文摘Objectives： Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis（Zhizi）, belonging to Rubiaceae family, has been traditionally used for treatment cholestasis and jaundice for centuries in Asian countries. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Zhizi could dispel dampness and heat via the urine to execute its choleretic effects. However, the potential molecular mechanism has been still poorly clarified. Here, we investigated the effect of different dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder（0.3 g/kg/d and 0.9 g/kg/d） on urinary excretion of bile acids（BAs）, and defined the potential mechanism via renal BAs efflux transporters Mrp2 and Mrp4 in normal rats.Methods： Male Wistar rats were orally administrated with 0.3 or 0.9 g/kg/d dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder for 2 weeks, then body weight, serum aminotransferase, total BAs concentrations in liver, bile,serum, kidney and urine, 1 h bile flow, 12-h urinary volume, biliary and urinary excretion amount of total BAs as well as protein expression of major renal BAs efflux transporter Mrp2 and Mrp4, were all evaluated.Results： Zhizi especially the high dose of Zhizi aqueous extract powder could reduce hepatic total BAs concentration. Additionally, bile flow and biliary excretion had no significant difference, but the remarkable increasing urinary excretion of BAs and 2 to 3 folds up-regulated renal Mrp2 expression were observed after administrated with Zhizi as compared with the control group.Conclusion： The findings indicate that Zhizi reduces hepatic total BAs level by increasing urinary excretion rather than the biliary excretion of BAs, which, in turn ascribed to elevated protein expression of Mrp2 at apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M
文摘This article explores and re-evaluates Zhang Jingsheng＇s views on sex education and aesthetic education, as revealed in his book Sexual Histories and in articles that he published in the journal New Culture. His endorsement of sex education and aesthetic education constructed a sexual discourse, advocating the redefinition- of Chinese men and women＇s gender and sexuality through knowledge/power. Zhang Jingsheng highly valued eugenics and ＂aesthetic sexual intercourse,＂ and he attempted to use sex education to improve Chinese people＇s innate physical weakness and their ＂androgynous＂ sexual characteristics. By prescribing an aesthetic education that covered all fundamental aspects of life, he also attempted to remedy what he saw as the inadequate or inverted models of masculinity and femininity available to Chinese men and women. Furthermore, by collecting and analyzing articles solicited for Sexual Histories and letters addressed to New Culture, he discussed how to cure the sexual perversions that were associated with Chinese men and women＇s sexualities. Finally, this article compares the contents of New Culture with the discourses （in Chinese and other languages） on sexual difference published in other Chinese journals in the 1920s, including how the discourses on sexual difference by Havelock Ellis and Edward Carpenter were translated into the modern Chinese context. The article concludes that the contributors to New Culture held unified opinions on the issues of homosexuality and women＇s liberation. Thus, in comparison with journals such as The Chinese Educational Review, The Ladies ＇Journal, and New Women, New Culture was less tolerant of divergent opinions. Although Zhang supported sexual liberation, he nonetheless sought to eliminate homosexuality from the aesthetic society that he envisioned. His idea of sexual liberation tended to signify women＇s liberation and excluded a homosexual agenda because he was homophobic. For most of the May Fourth Generation, including Zhang Jingsheng,
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11431012 and 11271183)PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘We generalize an important theorem of Fred Galvin from the Stone-Cˇech compactification βT of any discrete semigroup T to any compact Hausdorff right-topological semigroup with a dense topological center;and then apply it to Ellis' semigroups to prove that a point is distal if and only if it is IP*-recurrent, for any semiflow(T, X) with arbitrary compact Hausdorff phase space X not necessarily metrizable and with arbitrary phase semigroup T not necessarily cancelable.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82174067,81960646 and 82004080)。
文摘In the present study,we aimed to ascertain the metabolic detoxification routes of genipin via CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 in Hepa RG cells.It was found that the hepatic CYP3A4,SULT2 A1,and UGT1 A1 synergistically mediated the metabolic detoxification of genipin,and the CYP3A4 was the limited enzyme.In detail,the pivotal detoxification pathway was CYP3A4-SULT2 A1/UGT1 A1,indicating that SULT2 A1 and UGT1 A1 further catalyzed the phase II detoxification metabolism followed by the genipin metabolization by CYP3A4 to the phase I metabolites with alleviated toxicity.Our findings provided valuable cues for future studies on the detoxification of genipin,even the compatibility detoxification of Zhi-zi.Moreover,these data facilitated the development and rational administration of genipin and Zhi-zi.
文摘A fifty-year-old female with recent history of LAD stent placement for instent restenosis, presented with chest pain and ventricular fibrillatory arrest. Angiography revealed total occlusion of her LAD stent. She underwent IVUS study, balloon angioplasty and stent placements. Post balloon dilatation of the under-deployed distal stent resulted in dual coronary artery perforations with extravasation of contrast into the LV cavity, a Type 4 Ellis coronary artery perforation (CAP). No extravasation was noted into the pericardium. Immediately a covered stent was deployed which completely sealed both perforation sites with resultant TIMI grade 3 flow. Under-deployment of stents is a common occurrence and is underappreciated. It can happen due to various reasons. Not many options exist at that time but to use a high pressure balloon and post dilate the stent. One rare complication is CAP due to post stent dilatation, with incidence reported as 0.1% to 3.0% of PCI procedures. Among the various type of CAP, Ellis Type 4 is of the least frequent however no studies have looked at its exact incidence rate. Prompt recognition and quick intervention are essential to good patient outcome. We chose to deploy a covered stent over the perforation with interim balloon tamponading. Deployment of the stent successfully sealed both the CAPs. Remarkably the patient remained stable and did not complain of chest pain throughout the procedure. The patient did well;she was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy and is continuing to do well. We report a rare case of 2 distal LAD perforations that drained into the LV (an Ellis Type 4 CAP) caused by post stent dilatation that were successfully treated with a single covered stent. We report successful management of this case along with review of literature about management and dilemmas encountered is such instances.
文摘By a dynamical system we mean a pair of (X,T), whereX is compact Hausdorff space. In this paper we define an adherence semigroupA(X,T--X x, which is the set of all pointwise limit of subnets of(T n)n∈N. We will prove some commonness between adherence semigroup and Ellis semigroup.
文摘Ellis Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the congenital anomalies not compatible with life. It is also known as chondroectodermal dysplasia. The most common manifestations of this syndrome are short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, growth retardation, and ectodermal and cardiac defects. It has an incidence of one in every 60,000 live births and equal sex predisposition. In our case, perinatal autopsy was performed in a stillborn baby of 32 weeks of gestation having syndactyly, polydactyly and short forearms to know the cause of death and the diagnosis emerged as EVC syndrome. It is important to diagnose EVC syndrome as it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder, so genetic counseling is required to make parents aware of the risk of recurrence.
文摘Ellis and Branton introduced a class of non-self-similar sete;they gave an upper bound of Hausdorff dimension for such sets,and a conjecture of the lower bound for these sets.This paper gives a proof of this conjecture by using the lemma of Frostman.
