The endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria are major plant organelles for protein synthesis,photosynthesis,metabolism,and energy production.Protein homeostasis in these organelles,maintained by a balance ...The endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria are major plant organelles for protein synthesis,photosynthesis,metabolism,and energy production.Protein homeostasis in these organelles,maintained by a balance between protein synthesis and degradation,is essential for cell functions during plant growth,development,and stress resistance.Nucleus-encoded chloroplast-and mitochondrion-targeted proteins and ER-resident proteins are imported from the cytosol and undergo modification and maturation within their respective organelles.Protein folding is an error-prone process that is influenced by both developmental signals and environmental cues;a number of mechanisms have evolved to ensure efficient import and proper folding and maturation of proteins in plant organelles.Misfolded or damaged proteins with nonnative conformations are subject to degradation via complementary or competing pathways:intraorganelle proteases,the organelle-associated ubiquitin-proteasome system,and the selective autophagy of partial or entire organelles.When proteins in nonnative conformations accumulate,the organellespecific unfolded protein response operates to restore protein homeostasis by reducing protein folding demand,increasing protein folding capacity,and enhancing components involved in proteasome-associated protein degradation and autophagy.This review summarizes recent progress on the understanding of protein quality control in the ER,chloroplasts,and mitochondria in plants,with a focus on common mechanisms shared by these organelles during protein homeostasis.展开更多
With phenanthrene and pyreneas as test pollutants,four control factors(inoculation amount,water soil ratio, air flux and temperature) were selected to study the microbiology degradation control of PAHs in bio slurry r...With phenanthrene and pyreneas as test pollutants,four control factors(inoculation amount,water soil ratio, air flux and temperature) were selected to study the microbiology degradation control of PAHs in bio slurry reactor.Results indicated that at the test concetration the optimum parameters for obtaining the maximum degradation rates for phenanthrene and pyrenene are 5%～10% in incubation amount,2∶1 for water/soil ratio,0 06～0 1m 3·h -1 for air,and 30℃ in temperature,degradation rate was the highest in this condition with the values 98 9% and 84 2% phenanthrene and pyrnene respectively on the 15th day.These parameters provide useful basis for large scale engineering to treat soil PAHs by means of bio slurry reactor.展开更多
基金Projects associated with protein homeostasis in the Liu Lab are financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31625004,31872653,and 31800210)the Zhejiang Provincial Talent Program(2019R52005)the 111 Project(B14027).
文摘The endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria are major plant organelles for protein synthesis,photosynthesis,metabolism,and energy production.Protein homeostasis in these organelles,maintained by a balance between protein synthesis and degradation,is essential for cell functions during plant growth,development,and stress resistance.Nucleus-encoded chloroplast-and mitochondrion-targeted proteins and ER-resident proteins are imported from the cytosol and undergo modification and maturation within their respective organelles.Protein folding is an error-prone process that is influenced by both developmental signals and environmental cues;a number of mechanisms have evolved to ensure efficient import and proper folding and maturation of proteins in plant organelles.Misfolded or damaged proteins with nonnative conformations are subject to degradation via complementary or competing pathways:intraorganelle proteases,the organelle-associated ubiquitin-proteasome system,and the selective autophagy of partial or entire organelles.When proteins in nonnative conformations accumulate,the organellespecific unfolded protein response operates to restore protein homeostasis by reducing protein folding demand,increasing protein folding capacity,and enhancing components involved in proteasome-associated protein degradation and autophagy.This review summarizes recent progress on the understanding of protein quality control in the ER,chloroplasts,and mitochondria in plants,with a focus on common mechanisms shared by these organelles during protein homeostasis.
文摘With phenanthrene and pyreneas as test pollutants,four control factors(inoculation amount,water soil ratio, air flux and temperature) were selected to study the microbiology degradation control of PAHs in bio slurry reactor.Results indicated that at the test concetration the optimum parameters for obtaining the maximum degradation rates for phenanthrene and pyrenene are 5%～10% in incubation amount,2∶1 for water/soil ratio,0 06～0 1m 3·h -1 for air,and 30℃ in temperature,degradation rate was the highest in this condition with the values 98 9% and 84 2% phenanthrene and pyrnene respectively on the 15th day.These parameters provide useful basis for large scale engineering to treat soil PAHs by means of bio slurry reactor.
