Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of D...Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health.Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype.The treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for analysis.The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(P<0.05)compared to the control.The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P<0.05).The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P<0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions.Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.展开更多
This study was designed to compare the effect of methionine(Met)sources(DL-methionine[DLM]and DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid(HMTBa))and their supplementation levels on broiler growth performance and redox sta...This study was designed to compare the effect of methionine(Met)sources(DL-methionine[DLM]and DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid(HMTBa))and their supplementation levels on broiler growth performance and redox state.A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used with 2 sources(DLM and HMTBa)and 2 supplementation levels(0.05% and 0.252%)of Met.A total of 480 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicates per treatment(15 birds per replicate).The experiment lasted for 21 d.Broiler growth performance,redox capacity,redox-related genes expression,and Met transporters in different tissues were tested.Broilers fed high Met supplementation levels had improved(P<0.05)body weight(BW).average daily gain(ADG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Similarly,broilers fed high Met levels had better(P<0.05)antioxidant abilities in the serum,small intestine,and liver.Whereas,interactive effects(P<0.05)were also observed between Met sources and levels.Compared with DLM.birds fed HMTBa diets had decreased(P<0.05)total glutathione(T-GSH)and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)contents in duodenum,ileum,and liver.Similarly,broilers fed HMTBa supplemented diets had increased(P<0.05)thioredoxin(Trx)gene expression in the duodenum and ileum,but decreased(P<0.05)glutaredoxin(Grx).glutathione reductase(CSR).and glutathione synthetase(GSS)genes expression.Furthermore,lower gene expression of Na+ and Cl-dependent neutral and cationic amino acid transporter(ATB0,+).and Na+ dependent neutral amino acid transporter(B0 AT)in the duodenum brush border,but higher gene expression of diamine acetyltransferase 1(SAT1)and Na+-independent branched-chain and aromatic amino acid transporter(LAT1)in the jejunum and ileum basement membrane along with higher expression of the proton dependent monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)gene in the ileum were detected in birds fed HMTBa diets.In conclusion.DLM can be effectively used in glutathione synthesis to exert antioxidant functions,whereas HMTBa favors S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)synthesis and t展开更多
This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of know...This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.展开更多
Studies on the relative bioavailability (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) to L-Methionine (L-Met) have produced variable results. An experiment was conducted to determine the RBV of DL to L-Met. A total of 2268 1-day ol...Studies on the relative bioavailability (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) to L-Methionine (L-Met) have produced variable results. An experiment was conducted to determine the RBV of DL to L-Met. A total of 2268 1-day old male chicken were housed in 54 floor pens (42 bird/pen). There were 9 treatments (6 repetitions) including the basal diet (BD). The BD was deficient in Met content with 0.27, 0.26 and 0.25 in the starter, grower and finisher periods respectively. Four levels of experimental diets for each DL-Met and L-Met were created by supplementing 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% of DL- or L-Met to the BD. The feeding program consisted of starter (0-14 d, 21% CP and 2900 kcal ME/kg), grower (15 - 28 d, 20% CP and 3000 kcal ME/kg) and finisher period (29 - 37 d, 18.5% CP and 3050 kcal ME/kg). Chickens and feed were weighed at the end of each age period. Regression coefficients of a common plateau asymptotic regression were used to calculate RBV. Birds responded to gradual increase in Met levels, BW, FCR and ADG were significantly (P 0.05) higher in treatment groups as compared to control. Through the study period (37 d), the RBVs of DL-Met for BW and FCR were 89 and 77 respectively.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five grou...A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets （HP, LP, LP＋M1, LP＋M2 and LP＋M3）. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter （DM）, were 32% （high protein, HP） and 24% （low protein, LP）. LP was supple- mented with Met 0.4% （M1）, 0.8% （M2） and 1.2% （M3） DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP （crude pro- tein）, N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels （p 〈 0.05） and N retained was the highest in treat- ment LP＋M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein （TP） and serum urea nitrogen （SUN） among all treatment groups （p 〉 0.05）. Skin length of treatment HP and LP^M2 was higher than that of other groups （p 〈 0.05）. Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels （p〉0.05）. The best performance could be observed in treatment LP＋M2. In diet, 24% （DM） protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-farring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.展开更多
The goal of this review article,based on a systematic literature search,is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine...The goal of this review article,based on a systematic literature search,is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine(Met)sources DL-methionine(DL-Met)and DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid(HMTBa).The difference in the chemical structures of HMTBa and DL-Met indicates that these molecules are absorbed and metabolized differently in animals.This review explores the methodologies used to describe the 2-step enzymatic conversion of the 3 enantiomers(D-HMTBa,L-HMTBa and D-Met)to L-Met,as well as the site of conversion at the organ and tissue levels.Extensive work was published documenting the conversion of HMTBa and D-Met into L-Met and,consequently,the incorporation into protein using a variety of in vitro techniques,such as tissue homogenates,cell lines,primary cell lines,and everted gut sacs of individual tissues.These studies illustrated the role of the liver,kidney,and intestine in the con-version of Met precursors into L-Met.A combination of in vivo studies using stable isotopes and infusions provided evidence of the wide conversion of HMTBa to L-Met by all tissues and how some tissues are net users of HMTBa,whereas others are net secreters of L-Met derived from HMTBa.Conversion of D-Met to L-Met in organs other than the liver and kidney is poorly documented.The methodology cited in the literature to determine conversion efficiency ranged from measurements of urinary,fecal,and respiratory excretion to plasma concentration and tissue incorporation of isotopes after intraperitoneal and oral in-fusions.Differences observed between these methodologies reflect differences in the metabolism of Met sources rather than differences in conversion efficiency.The factors affecting conversion efficiency are explored in this paper and are mostly associated with extreme dietary conditions,such as noncommercial crystalline diets that are very deficient in total sulfur amino acids with respect to requirements.Impli-cations 展开更多
This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources,2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio)butanoic acid(HMTBa)and DL-Methionine(DL-Met),on productive performance,egg quality,and redox status of laying duck...This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources,2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio)butanoic acid(HMTBa)and DL-Methionine(DL-Met),on productive performance,egg quality,and redox status of laying ducks.A total of 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan laying ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted to 11 treatment groups.Each treatment group had 6 replicates of 12 ducks.The trial lasted for 16 wk.Ducks were fed a basal deficient diet(Met:0.24%;Met+Cys:0.51%)or supplemented with DL-Met or HMTBa at 0.05%,0.12%,0.19%,0.26%,and 0.33%of diet,respectively.Compared with the basal diet,supplementation with either DL-Met or HMTBa increased the average egg weight,egg mass,and decreased feed to egg ratio during the whole trial period(P<0.05).Albumen weight and its ratio to total egg weight were increased,but yolk and shell ratio,albumen height,Haugh unit and shell breaking strength were decreased(P<0.05).Dietary DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation increased taurine,methionine,leucine,tryptophan and arginine content,and decreased serine and lysine content in plasma(P<0.05).The redox status of laying ducks was improved by enhancing the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities,glutathione content and its ratio relative to glutathione(oxidized)content and decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase-1,glutathione peroxidase-1,hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-like 2 in liver and ileum with the supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Liver health status measured by average area proportion lipid droplet was improved with supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and the ileal gene expression of tight junction protein and occludin were increased with DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation(P<0.05).Taken together,these results suggested that the efficacy of dietary supplementation of HMTBa was similar to DL-Met,and it ranged from 98%to 100%for productive performance and egg albumen ratio in laying duck展开更多
基金awarded a Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship for Ph.D.studiesthe support of the OTKA grant(K139021)
文摘Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and growth.The present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and health.Fertilized eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each genotype.The treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for analysis.The results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(P<0.05)compared to the control.The DLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(P<0.05).The HPC genotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(P<0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal conditions.Genotypes also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.
基金supported by Beijing Technology Program[Z181100009318008]Beijing Agricultural Innovation Consortium(BAlC04-2018)
文摘This study was designed to compare the effect of methionine(Met)sources(DL-methionine[DLM]and DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid(HMTBa))and their supplementation levels on broiler growth performance and redox state.A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was used with 2 sources(DLM and HMTBa)and 2 supplementation levels(0.05% and 0.252%)of Met.A total of 480 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicates per treatment(15 birds per replicate).The experiment lasted for 21 d.Broiler growth performance,redox capacity,redox-related genes expression,and Met transporters in different tissues were tested.Broilers fed high Met supplementation levels had improved(P<0.05)body weight(BW).average daily gain(ADG)and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Similarly,broilers fed high Met levels had better(P<0.05)antioxidant abilities in the serum,small intestine,and liver.Whereas,interactive effects(P<0.05)were also observed between Met sources and levels.Compared with DLM.birds fed HMTBa diets had decreased(P<0.05)total glutathione(T-GSH)and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)contents in duodenum,ileum,and liver.Similarly,broilers fed HMTBa supplemented diets had increased(P<0.05)thioredoxin(Trx)gene expression in the duodenum and ileum,but decreased(P<0.05)glutaredoxin(Grx).glutathione reductase(CSR).and glutathione synthetase(GSS)genes expression.Furthermore,lower gene expression of Na+ and Cl-dependent neutral and cationic amino acid transporter(ATB0,+).and Na+ dependent neutral amino acid transporter(B0 AT)in the duodenum brush border,but higher gene expression of diamine acetyltransferase 1(SAT1)and Na+-independent branched-chain and aromatic amino acid transporter(LAT1)in the jejunum and ileum basement membrane along with higher expression of the proton dependent monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)gene in the ileum were detected in birds fed HMTBa diets.In conclusion.DLM can be effectively used in glutathione synthesis to exert antioxidant functions,whereas HMTBa favors S-adenosylmethionine(SAM)synthesis and t
文摘This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.
文摘Studies on the relative bioavailability (RBV) of DL-Methionine (DL-Met) to L-Methionine (L-Met) have produced variable results. An experiment was conducted to determine the RBV of DL to L-Met. A total of 2268 1-day old male chicken were housed in 54 floor pens (42 bird/pen). There were 9 treatments (6 repetitions) including the basal diet (BD). The BD was deficient in Met content with 0.27, 0.26 and 0.25 in the starter, grower and finisher periods respectively. Four levels of experimental diets for each DL-Met and L-Met were created by supplementing 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% of DL- or L-Met to the BD. The feeding program consisted of starter (0-14 d, 21% CP and 2900 kcal ME/kg), grower (15 - 28 d, 20% CP and 3000 kcal ME/kg) and finisher period (29 - 37 d, 18.5% CP and 3050 kcal ME/kg). Chickens and feed were weighed at the end of each age period. Regression coefficients of a common plateau asymptotic regression were used to calculate RBV. Birds responded to gradual increase in Met levels, BW, FCR and ADG were significantly (P 0.05) higher in treatment groups as compared to control. Through the study period (37 d), the RBVs of DL-Met for BW and FCR were 89 and 77 respectively.
基金supported by Special Fund for Public Welfare Technology Research of Agricultural Industry (200903014)
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate production performance of minks in growing-furring period with supplementing DL-Methinnine （Met） in low protein diet. Seventy healthy male minks were randomly divided into five groups of 14 minks each. The minks were fed in five kinds of experiment diets （HP, LP, LP＋M1, LP＋M2 and LP＋M3）. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter （DM）, were 32% （high protein, HP） and 24% （low protein, LP）. LP was supple- mented with Met 0.4% （M1）, 0.8% （M2） and 1.2% （M3） DM. From mid of September to December 10, apparent digestibility of CP （crude pro- tein）, N intake and urinary N excretion were decreased with declining dietary protein levels （p 〈 0.05） and N retained was the highest in treat- ment LP＋M2. No significant difference was found in total serum protein （TP） and serum urea nitrogen （SUN） among all treatment groups （p 〉 0.05）. Skin length of treatment HP and LP^M2 was higher than that of other groups （p 〈 0.05）. Body length, skin weight, length of guard hair and under hair were not affected by different dietary protein levels （p〉0.05）. The best performance could be observed in treatment LP＋M2. In diet, 24% （DM） protein level with 1.54% Met supplementing was enough for minks during growing-farring period. Dietary protein lowered from 32% to 24% with supplementing Met in diets would result in a37.9% decrease in urinary N excretion. Furthermore, addition of Met in diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reducing feed expenses and lessening nitrogen emissions to the environment.
文摘The goal of this review article,based on a systematic literature search,is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine(Met)sources DL-methionine(DL-Met)and DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid(HMTBa).The difference in the chemical structures of HMTBa and DL-Met indicates that these molecules are absorbed and metabolized differently in animals.This review explores the methodologies used to describe the 2-step enzymatic conversion of the 3 enantiomers(D-HMTBa,L-HMTBa and D-Met)to L-Met,as well as the site of conversion at the organ and tissue levels.Extensive work was published documenting the conversion of HMTBa and D-Met into L-Met and,consequently,the incorporation into protein using a variety of in vitro techniques,such as tissue homogenates,cell lines,primary cell lines,and everted gut sacs of individual tissues.These studies illustrated the role of the liver,kidney,and intestine in the con-version of Met precursors into L-Met.A combination of in vivo studies using stable isotopes and infusions provided evidence of the wide conversion of HMTBa to L-Met by all tissues and how some tissues are net users of HMTBa,whereas others are net secreters of L-Met derived from HMTBa.Conversion of D-Met to L-Met in organs other than the liver and kidney is poorly documented.The methodology cited in the literature to determine conversion efficiency ranged from measurements of urinary,fecal,and respiratory excretion to plasma concentration and tissue incorporation of isotopes after intraperitoneal and oral in-fusions.Differences observed between these methodologies reflect differences in the metabolism of Met sources rather than differences in conversion efficiency.The factors affecting conversion efficiency are explored in this paper and are mostly associated with extreme dietary conditions,such as noncommercial crystalline diets that are very deficient in total sulfur amino acids with respect to requirements.Impli-cations
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-42-K13)Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team of Guangdong Province(2022KJ137)+2 种基金Adisseo France S.A.S.(20201020112CN)Young S&T Talent Training Program of Guangdong Provincial Association for S&T(SKXRC202213)Special fund for scientific innovation strategyconstruction of high-level Academy of Agriculture Science(202106TD,R2021PY-QY005)。
文摘This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources,2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio)butanoic acid(HMTBa)and DL-Methionine(DL-Met),on productive performance,egg quality,and redox status of laying ducks.A total of 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan laying ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted to 11 treatment groups.Each treatment group had 6 replicates of 12 ducks.The trial lasted for 16 wk.Ducks were fed a basal deficient diet(Met:0.24%;Met+Cys:0.51%)or supplemented with DL-Met or HMTBa at 0.05%,0.12%,0.19%,0.26%,and 0.33%of diet,respectively.Compared with the basal diet,supplementation with either DL-Met or HMTBa increased the average egg weight,egg mass,and decreased feed to egg ratio during the whole trial period(P<0.05).Albumen weight and its ratio to total egg weight were increased,but yolk and shell ratio,albumen height,Haugh unit and shell breaking strength were decreased(P<0.05).Dietary DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation increased taurine,methionine,leucine,tryptophan and arginine content,and decreased serine and lysine content in plasma(P<0.05).The redox status of laying ducks was improved by enhancing the glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities,glutathione content and its ratio relative to glutathione(oxidized)content and decreasing malondialdehyde content and increasing mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase-1,glutathione peroxidase-1,hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-like 2 in liver and ileum with the supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Liver health status measured by average area proportion lipid droplet was improved with supplementation of DL-Met or HMTBa(P<0.05).Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and the ileal gene expression of tight junction protein and occludin were increased with DL-Met or HMTBa supplementation(P<0.05).Taken together,these results suggested that the efficacy of dietary supplementation of HMTBa was similar to DL-Met,and it ranged from 98%to 100%for productive performance and egg albumen ratio in laying duck
