AIM: To investigate the correlation between uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms and irinotecan-associated side effects and parameters of drug efficacy in patients with metastat...AIM: To investigate the correlation between uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms and irinotecan-associated side effects and parameters of drug efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving a low-dose weekly irinotecan chemotherapeutic regimen. METHODS: Genotypes were retrospectively evaluated by gene scan analysis on the ABI 310 sequencer of the TATAA box in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene in blood samples from 105 patients who had received 1st line irinotecan-based chemotherapy for mCRC. RESULTS: The distribution of the genotypes was as follows: wild type genotype (WT) (6/6 ) 39.0%, heterozygous genotype (6/7) 49.5%, and homozygous genotype (7/7) 9.5%. The overall response rate (OR) was similar between patients carrying the (6/7, 7/7) or the WT genotype (6/6) (44.3% vs 43.2%, P = 0.75). Neither time to progression [(TTP) 8.1 vs 8.2 mo, P = 0.97] nor overall survival [(OS) 21.2 vs 18.9 mo, P = 0.73] differed significantly in patients who carried the(6/6) when compared to the (6/7, 7/7) genotype. No significant differences in toxicity were observed: Grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhoea [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 13.0% vs 6.2%, P =0.08], treatment delays [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 25.1% vs 19.3%, P = 0.24] or dose reductions [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 21.5% vs 27.2%, P = 0.07].CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates the non-significant influence of the UGT1A1 gene polymorphism on efficacy and rate of irinotecan-associated toxicity in mCRC patients receiving low-dose irinotecan based chemotherapy.展开更多
AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Childre...AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group （treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid） and in control group （treated with ORS and nutritional support only）. Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months. RESULTS： There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 （5. boulardii Group） and 3.3 （control group）. The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group （P = 0.001）. In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period CONCLUSION： S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated.展开更多
The development of new/different management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in newly-weaned pigs, in order to improve growth performance while minimizing the use of antimicrobial compoun...The development of new/different management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in newly-weaned pigs, in order to improve growth performance while minimizing the use of antimicrobial compounds such as antibiotic growth promotants （AGP） and heavy mineral compounds, is essential for the long-term sustainability of the pig industry. Factors including the sub-optimal intake of nutrients and energy, inappropriate microbiota biomass and （or） balance, immature and compromised immune function, and psychosomatic factors caused by weaning can compromise both the efficiency of digestion and absorption and intestinal barrier function through mucosal damage and alteration of tight junction integrity. As a consequence, pigs at weaning are highly susceptible to pathogenic enteric conditions such as post-weaning diarrhea that may be caused by serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil Many dietary components, e.g., protein, fiber, feed additives and minerals, are known to influence microbial growth in the gastrointestinal tract that in turn can impact upon pig growth and health, although the relationships between these are sometimes not necessarily apparent or obvious. In a world climate of increased scrutiny over the use of antibiotics per se in pig production, certain feed additives are seen as alternatives/replacements to antibiotics, and have evolved in some cases to have important roles in everyday commercial pig nutrition. Nevertheless and in general, there remains inconsistency and variability in the efficacy of some feed additives and in cases of severe disease outbreaks, for example, therapeutic antibiotics and/or heavy minerals such as zinc oxide （ZnO） are generally relied upon. If feed ingredients and （or） feed additives are to be used with greater regularity and reliability, then it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms whereby antibiotics and minerals such as ZnO influence animal physiology, in conjunction with the use of appropriate challenge models and in vi展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine,a plant alkaloid.Methods:Five multi-drug resistant（MDR） STEC/EPEC and five MDR ETEC isolates from yaks with haemorrhagic diarrhoea were selected for the ...Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine,a plant alkaloid.Methods:Five multi-drug resistant（MDR） STEC/EPEC and five MDR ETEC isolates from yaks with haemorrhagic diarrhoea were selected for the study.Antibacterial activity of berberine was evaluated by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods.The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA and protein was also enumerated.Results:For both categories of enterovirulent Escherichia coli（E.roli） isolates, berberine displayed the antibaclerial effect in a dose dependent manner.The MIC<sub>50</sub> of berberine chloride for STEC/EPEC isolates varied from 2.07μM to 3.6μM with a mean of（2.95±0.33）μM where as for ETEC strains it varied from 1.75 to 1.96μM with a mean of（1.87±0.03）μM. Berberine bind more tightly with double helix DNA with Bmax and Kd of（24.68±2.62） and（357.8±57.8）,respectively.Berberine reacted with protein in comparatively loose manner with Bmax and Kd of（18.9±3.83） and 【286.2±113.6),respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate clearly that berberine may serve as a good antibacterial against multi drug resistant E.coli.展开更多
目的:观察党参、甘草等药物不同炮制品组方的参苓白术散的药效作用。方法:170只昆明种小鼠随机平均分为空白对照组,模型对照组,思密达组,参苓白术散1组、2组、3组、4组,除空白对照组外,其余各组均制作为脾虚泄泻模型。正常对照组和模型...目的:观察党参、甘草等药物不同炮制品组方的参苓白术散的药效作用。方法:170只昆明种小鼠随机平均分为空白对照组,模型对照组,思密达组,参苓白术散1组、2组、3组、4组,除空白对照组外,其余各组均制作为脾虚泄泻模型。正常对照组和模型对照组每天按照0.02 m L·g-1剂量灌胃自来水1次,连续7d。其余各组均给予相同量的相应药物。观察各组胃排空和肠推进功能。2分组及给药方法同1,观察各组腹泻指数。3分组及给药方法同1,观察各组小鼠脾虚指数、小鼠尿D-木糖含量、淀粉酶活性。4分组同1,每组15只,空白对照组、模型组用0.02 m L·g-1自来水灌胃外,其余各组每鼠灌胃100%不同炮制品组成的参苓白术散1组、2组、3组、4组药液0.02 m L·g-1,1次·d-1,连续给药12 d。第7天除正常对照组外,其余各组每鼠腹腔注射环磷酰100 mg·kg-1,1次·d-1,观察各组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果:由党参、甘草的蜜炙品与白术、山药的土炒品、薏苡仁麸炒品组方的参苓白术散有明显的止泻作用,能抑制小鼠的碳末推进率和胃排空率,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);由党参、甘草的蜜炙品与白术、山药、薏苡仁麸炒品组方的参苓白术散能显著提高脾虚小鼠血清淀粉酶和D-木糖的含量,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);党参、甘草的蜜制品与白术、山药、薏苡仁生品组方的参苓白术散组可明显提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:思密达虽有止泻作用,但没有提高脾虚小鼠免疫机能的作用。参苓白术散在临床上用于脾虚泄泻引起的腹泻便溏、纳呆,组方时党参、甘草应用蜜炙品,白术、山药应用土炒品、薏苡仁应用麸炒品;用于健脾消食时,组方时党参、甘草应用蜜炙品,白术、山药、薏苡仁应用麸炒品;用于提高机体免疫力时展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the correlation between uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms and irinotecan-associated side effects and parameters of drug efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving a low-dose weekly irinotecan chemotherapeutic regimen. METHODS: Genotypes were retrospectively evaluated by gene scan analysis on the ABI 310 sequencer of the TATAA box in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene in blood samples from 105 patients who had received 1st line irinotecan-based chemotherapy for mCRC. RESULTS: The distribution of the genotypes was as follows: wild type genotype (WT) (6/6 ) 39.0%, heterozygous genotype (6/7) 49.5%, and homozygous genotype (7/7) 9.5%. The overall response rate (OR) was similar between patients carrying the (6/7, 7/7) or the WT genotype (6/6) (44.3% vs 43.2%, P = 0.75). Neither time to progression [(TTP) 8.1 vs 8.2 mo, P = 0.97] nor overall survival [(OS) 21.2 vs 18.9 mo, P = 0.73] differed significantly in patients who carried the(6/6) when compared to the (6/7, 7/7) genotype. No significant differences in toxicity were observed: Grade 3 and 4 delayed diarrhoea [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 13.0% vs 6.2%, P =0.08], treatment delays [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 25.1% vs 19.3%, P = 0.24] or dose reductions [(6/7, 7/7) vs (6/6); 21.5% vs 27.2%, P = 0.07].CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates the non-significant influence of the UGT1A1 gene polymorphism on efficacy and rate of irinotecan-associated toxicity in mCRC patients receiving low-dose irinotecan based chemotherapy.
文摘AIM： To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii （S. boulardii） in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months. METHODS： Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group （treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid） and in control group （treated with ORS and nutritional support only）. Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months. RESULTS： There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 （5. boulardii Group） and 3.3 （control group）. The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group （P = 0.001）. In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period CONCLUSION： S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated.
文摘The development of new/different management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in newly-weaned pigs, in order to improve growth performance while minimizing the use of antimicrobial compounds such as antibiotic growth promotants （AGP） and heavy mineral compounds, is essential for the long-term sustainability of the pig industry. Factors including the sub-optimal intake of nutrients and energy, inappropriate microbiota biomass and （or） balance, immature and compromised immune function, and psychosomatic factors caused by weaning can compromise both the efficiency of digestion and absorption and intestinal barrier function through mucosal damage and alteration of tight junction integrity. As a consequence, pigs at weaning are highly susceptible to pathogenic enteric conditions such as post-weaning diarrhea that may be caused by serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil Many dietary components, e.g., protein, fiber, feed additives and minerals, are known to influence microbial growth in the gastrointestinal tract that in turn can impact upon pig growth and health, although the relationships between these are sometimes not necessarily apparent or obvious. In a world climate of increased scrutiny over the use of antibiotics per se in pig production, certain feed additives are seen as alternatives/replacements to antibiotics, and have evolved in some cases to have important roles in everyday commercial pig nutrition. Nevertheless and in general, there remains inconsistency and variability in the efficacy of some feed additives and in cases of severe disease outbreaks, for example, therapeutic antibiotics and/or heavy minerals such as zinc oxide （ZnO） are generally relied upon. If feed ingredients and （or） feed additives are to be used with greater regularity and reliability, then it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms whereby antibiotics and minerals such as ZnO influence animal physiology, in conjunction with the use of appropriate challenge models and in vi
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine,a plant alkaloid.Methods:Five multi-drug resistant（MDR） STEC/EPEC and five MDR ETEC isolates from yaks with haemorrhagic diarrhoea were selected for the study.Antibacterial activity of berberine was evaluated by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods.The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA and protein was also enumerated.Results:For both categories of enterovirulent Escherichia coli（E.roli） isolates, berberine displayed the antibaclerial effect in a dose dependent manner.The MIC<sub>50</sub> of berberine chloride for STEC/EPEC isolates varied from 2.07μM to 3.6μM with a mean of（2.95±0.33）μM where as for ETEC strains it varied from 1.75 to 1.96μM with a mean of（1.87±0.03）μM. Berberine bind more tightly with double helix DNA with Bmax and Kd of（24.68±2.62） and（357.8±57.8）,respectively.Berberine reacted with protein in comparatively loose manner with Bmax and Kd of（18.9±3.83） and 【286.2±113.6),respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate clearly that berberine may serve as a good antibacterial against multi drug resistant E.coli.
文摘目的:观察党参、甘草等药物不同炮制品组方的参苓白术散的药效作用。方法:170只昆明种小鼠随机平均分为空白对照组,模型对照组,思密达组,参苓白术散1组、2组、3组、4组,除空白对照组外,其余各组均制作为脾虚泄泻模型。正常对照组和模型对照组每天按照0.02 m L·g-1剂量灌胃自来水1次,连续7d。其余各组均给予相同量的相应药物。观察各组胃排空和肠推进功能。2分组及给药方法同1,观察各组腹泻指数。3分组及给药方法同1,观察各组小鼠脾虚指数、小鼠尿D-木糖含量、淀粉酶活性。4分组同1,每组15只,空白对照组、模型组用0.02 m L·g-1自来水灌胃外,其余各组每鼠灌胃100%不同炮制品组成的参苓白术散1组、2组、3组、4组药液0.02 m L·g-1,1次·d-1,连续给药12 d。第7天除正常对照组外,其余各组每鼠腹腔注射环磷酰100 mg·kg-1,1次·d-1,观察各组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果:由党参、甘草的蜜炙品与白术、山药的土炒品、薏苡仁麸炒品组方的参苓白术散有明显的止泻作用,能抑制小鼠的碳末推进率和胃排空率,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);由党参、甘草的蜜炙品与白术、山药、薏苡仁麸炒品组方的参苓白术散能显著提高脾虚小鼠血清淀粉酶和D-木糖的含量,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);党参、甘草的蜜制品与白术、山药、薏苡仁生品组方的参苓白术散组可明显提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用,与模型组比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:思密达虽有止泻作用,但没有提高脾虚小鼠免疫机能的作用。参苓白术散在临床上用于脾虚泄泻引起的腹泻便溏、纳呆,组方时党参、甘草应用蜜炙品,白术、山药应用土炒品、薏苡仁应用麸炒品;用于健脾消食时,组方时党参、甘草应用蜜炙品,白术、山药、薏苡仁应用麸炒品;用于提高机体免疫力时
