目的评价临床护理路径在初诊妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的临床应用效果。方法选择2012年5月—2013年7月入住我科的初诊GDM患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组60例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者根据GDM临床护理路径...目的评价临床护理路径在初诊妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的临床应用效果。方法选择2012年5月—2013年7月入住我科的初诊GDM患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组60例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者根据GDM临床护理路径进行护理。检测两组患者入院第1 d及出院前1 d的空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);调查两组患者GDM相关知识掌握程度、护理工作满意度,统计其住院天数和住院费用。同时选取我科护士60例,调查其对两种护理方法的认同感。结果两组患者入院第1 d FPG、FINS水平及HOMA-IR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者出院前1 d FPG及HOMA-IR低于对照组(P<0.05),而出院前1 d FINS水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者住院天数和住院费用少于对照组,GDM相关知识掌握程度和护理工作满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。护士认同感:两种护理方法在"增加护理工作量"方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM临床护理路径"增加护患沟通""减少护患纠纷"效果优于常规护理(P<0.01)。结论临床护理路径有助于改善GDM患者血糖控制和胰岛素抵抗,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,且不增加护理工作量,可提高患者GDM相关知识掌握程度和护理工作满意度,减少护患纠纷。展开更多
A pilot-scale apparatus for continuous supercritical and near-critical water reaction was set up. A high-pressure slurry supplying system was developed to feed the solid material-water slurries. The apparatus features...A pilot-scale apparatus for continuous supercritical and near-critical water reaction was set up. A high-pressure slurry supplying system was developed to feed the solid material-water slurries. The apparatus features temperature up to 600℃, pressure up to 40MPa, residence time from 24s to 15min, maximum amount of slurry supply of 2.4 L·h-1, maximum solid content of slurry up to 10%(by mass) for cellulose from Merck, and resistance to corrosion. Long-time runs of decomposition of cellulose were carried out and steady runs were confirmed. Kinetics of cellulose decomposition was studied. The apparent activation energy evaluated was 147kJ·mol-1. In addition, a new three-step pathway for cellulose hydrolysis was proposed. The derived kinetic equation is in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
文摘目的评价临床护理路径在初诊妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者中的临床应用效果。方法选择2012年5月—2013年7月入住我科的初诊GDM患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组60例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者根据GDM临床护理路径进行护理。检测两组患者入院第1 d及出院前1 d的空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);调查两组患者GDM相关知识掌握程度、护理工作满意度,统计其住院天数和住院费用。同时选取我科护士60例,调查其对两种护理方法的认同感。结果两组患者入院第1 d FPG、FINS水平及HOMA-IR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者出院前1 d FPG及HOMA-IR低于对照组(P<0.05),而出院前1 d FINS水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者住院天数和住院费用少于对照组,GDM相关知识掌握程度和护理工作满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。护士认同感:两种护理方法在"增加护理工作量"方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM临床护理路径"增加护患沟通""减少护患纠纷"效果优于常规护理(P<0.01)。结论临床护理路径有助于改善GDM患者血糖控制和胰岛素抵抗,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,且不增加护理工作量,可提高患者GDM相关知识掌握程度和护理工作满意度,减少护患纠纷。
基金Partly supported by Research for Future Program"Integrated field 5,causes and effects of environmental loading and its reduction",the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS).
文摘A pilot-scale apparatus for continuous supercritical and near-critical water reaction was set up. A high-pressure slurry supplying system was developed to feed the solid material-water slurries. The apparatus features temperature up to 600℃, pressure up to 40MPa, residence time from 24s to 15min, maximum amount of slurry supply of 2.4 L·h-1, maximum solid content of slurry up to 10%(by mass) for cellulose from Merck, and resistance to corrosion. Long-time runs of decomposition of cellulose were carried out and steady runs were confirmed. Kinetics of cellulose decomposition was studied. The apparent activation energy evaluated was 147kJ·mol-1. In addition, a new three-step pathway for cellulose hydrolysis was proposed. The derived kinetic equation is in good agreement with the experimental data.
