The extreme summer precipitation over East China during 1982-2007 was simulated using the LASG/IAP regional climate model CREM(the Climate version of a Regional Eta-coordinate Model).The results show that the probabil...The extreme summer precipitation over East China during 1982-2007 was simulated using the LASG/IAP regional climate model CREM(the Climate version of a Regional Eta-coordinate Model).The results show that the probability density functions(PDFs) of precipitation intensities are reasonably simulated,except that the PDFs of light and moderate rain are underestimated and that the PDFs of heavy rain are overestimated.The extreme precipitation amount(R95p) and the percent contribution of extreme precipitation to the total precipitation(R95pt) are also reasonably reproduced by the CREM.However,the R95p and R95pt over most of East China are generally overestimated,while the R95p along the coastal area of South China(SC) is underestimated.The bias of R95pt is consistent with the bias of precipitation intensity on wet days(SDII).The interannual variation for R95p anomalies(PC1) is well simulated,but that of R95pt anomalies(PC2) is poorly simulated.The skill of the model in simulating PC1(PC2) increases(decreases) from north to south.The bias of water vapor transport associated with the 95th percentile of summer daily precipitation(WVTr95) explains well the bias of the simulated extreme precipitation.展开更多
The key regulators and regeneration-associated genes involved in axonal regeneration of neurons after injury have not been clarified.In high-throughput sequencing,various factors influence the final sequencing results...The key regulators and regeneration-associated genes involved in axonal regeneration of neurons after injury have not been clarified.In high-throughput sequencing,various factors influence the final sequencing results,including the number and size of cells,the depth of sequencing,and the method of cell separation.There is still a lack of research on the detailed molecular expression profile during the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neuron axon.In this study,we performed lase r-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing on dorsal root ganglion neurons at 0,3,6,and 12 hours and 1,3,and 7 days after sciatic nerve crush in rats.We identified three stages after dorsal root ganglion injury:early(3-12 hours),pre-regeneration(1 day),and regeneration(3-7 days).Gene expression patterns and related function enrichment res ults showed that one module of genes was highly related to axonal regeneration.We verified the up-regulation of activating transcription factor 3(Atf3),Kruppel like factor 6(Klf6),AT-rich inte raction domain 5A(Arid5α),CAMP responsive element modulator(Crem),and FOS like 1,AP-1 transcription factor Subunit(Fosl1) in dorsal root ganglion neurons after injury.Suppressing these transcription factors(Crem,Arid5o,Fosl1 and Klf6) reduced axonal regrowth in vitro.As the hub transcription factor,Atf3 showed higher expression and activity at the preregeneration and regeneration stages.G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(Gper1),inte rleukin 12a(Il12α),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),and interleukin 6(IL6) may be upstream factors that trigger the activation of Atf3 during the repair of axon injury in the early stage.Our study presents the detailed molecular expression profile during axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons after peripheral nerve injury.These findings may provide reference for the clinical screening of molecular targets for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
The authors examine extreme summer temperatures over East China during 19844004 using a regional climate model named CREM （the Climate version of Regional Eta-coordinate Model）, which was developed by LASG/IAP. The ...The authors examine extreme summer temperatures over East China during 19844004 using a regional climate model named CREM （the Climate version of Regional Eta-coordinate Model）, which was developed by LASG/IAP. The results show that the main features of the extreme summer temperatures over East China are reproduced well by CREM, and the skill for the minimum temperature is higher than that for the maximum tem- perature, especially along the Yangtze-Huai River Valley （YHV）. The simulated extreme temperatures are lower than those of observation, especially for the maximum temperature. The bias of extreme temperatures is consistent with the cold bias of the climatological mean summer surface air temperature. The skill of the model in simulating the interannual variability of extreme temperatures increases from north to south. The simulated interannual variation of the minimum temperature is more reasonable than the maximum temperature. The underestimation of net solar radiation at the surface leads to a cold bias of the climatological mean temperature. Furthermore, the model underestimates the light and moderate rain, while overestimates heavy rain. It causes the simulated minimum temperature more reasonable than the maximum temperature.展开更多
目的观察环磷酸腺苷反应元件调控因子(CREM)在精索静脉曲张(VC)大鼠睾丸组织中的表达,探讨CREM在VC大鼠不育中的作用及意义。方法选择32只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(16只)和VC模型组(16只)。通过左肾静脉结扎的方法,制备VC大...目的观察环磷酸腺苷反应元件调控因子(CREM)在精索静脉曲张(VC)大鼠睾丸组织中的表达,探讨CREM在VC大鼠不育中的作用及意义。方法选择32只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(16只)和VC模型组(16只)。通过左肾静脉结扎的方法,制备VC大鼠模型,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和蛋白质印迹法测定VC大鼠左侧睾丸组织中CREM m RNA和蛋白质水平的表达。结果与对照组相比,VC大鼠睾丸组织CREM m RNA和蛋白质水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 CREM在VC大鼠睾丸组织中表达降低,可能参与了VC大鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡的过程,在VC致不育中起重要作用。展开更多
基金supported by the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China Project (ACCC)- Climate Sciencethe Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (Grant No. 201105019-3)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q11-04)
文摘The extreme summer precipitation over East China during 1982-2007 was simulated using the LASG/IAP regional climate model CREM(the Climate version of a Regional Eta-coordinate Model).The results show that the probability density functions(PDFs) of precipitation intensities are reasonably simulated,except that the PDFs of light and moderate rain are underestimated and that the PDFs of heavy rain are overestimated.The extreme precipitation amount(R95p) and the percent contribution of extreme precipitation to the total precipitation(R95pt) are also reasonably reproduced by the CREM.However,the R95p and R95pt over most of East China are generally overestimated,while the R95p along the coastal area of South China(SC) is underestimated.The bias of R95pt is consistent with the bias of precipitation intensity on wet days(SDII).The interannual variation for R95p anomalies(PC1) is well simulated,but that of R95pt anomalies(PC2) is poorly simulated.The skill of the model in simulating PC1(PC2) increases(decreases) from north to south.The bias of water vapor transport associated with the 95th percentile of summer daily precipitation(WVTr95) explains well the bias of the simulated extreme precipitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 31730031 and 32130060the National Major Project of Research and Development,No. 2017YFA0104700the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No. BK20202013 (all to XSG)。
文摘The key regulators and regeneration-associated genes involved in axonal regeneration of neurons after injury have not been clarified.In high-throughput sequencing,various factors influence the final sequencing results,including the number and size of cells,the depth of sequencing,and the method of cell separation.There is still a lack of research on the detailed molecular expression profile during the regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neuron axon.In this study,we performed lase r-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing on dorsal root ganglion neurons at 0,3,6,and 12 hours and 1,3,and 7 days after sciatic nerve crush in rats.We identified three stages after dorsal root ganglion injury:early(3-12 hours),pre-regeneration(1 day),and regeneration(3-7 days).Gene expression patterns and related function enrichment res ults showed that one module of genes was highly related to axonal regeneration.We verified the up-regulation of activating transcription factor 3(Atf3),Kruppel like factor 6(Klf6),AT-rich inte raction domain 5A(Arid5α),CAMP responsive element modulator(Crem),and FOS like 1,AP-1 transcription factor Subunit(Fosl1) in dorsal root ganglion neurons after injury.Suppressing these transcription factors(Crem,Arid5o,Fosl1 and Klf6) reduced axonal regrowth in vitro.As the hub transcription factor,Atf3 showed higher expression and activity at the preregeneration and regeneration stages.G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(Gper1),inte rleukin 12a(Il12α),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),and interleukin 6(IL6) may be upstream factors that trigger the activation of Atf3 during the repair of axon injury in the early stage.Our study presents the detailed molecular expression profile during axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons after peripheral nerve injury.These findings may provide reference for the clinical screening of molecular targets for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
基金supported by the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China Project (ACCC)-Climate Sciencethe Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (201105019-3)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW- Q11-04)
文摘The authors examine extreme summer temperatures over East China during 19844004 using a regional climate model named CREM （the Climate version of Regional Eta-coordinate Model）, which was developed by LASG/IAP. The results show that the main features of the extreme summer temperatures over East China are reproduced well by CREM, and the skill for the minimum temperature is higher than that for the maximum tem- perature, especially along the Yangtze-Huai River Valley （YHV）. The simulated extreme temperatures are lower than those of observation, especially for the maximum temperature. The bias of extreme temperatures is consistent with the cold bias of the climatological mean summer surface air temperature. The skill of the model in simulating the interannual variability of extreme temperatures increases from north to south. The simulated interannual variation of the minimum temperature is more reasonable than the maximum temperature. The underestimation of net solar radiation at the surface leads to a cold bias of the climatological mean temperature. Furthermore, the model underestimates the light and moderate rain, while overestimates heavy rain. It causes the simulated minimum temperature more reasonable than the maximum temperature.
文摘目的观察环磷酸腺苷反应元件调控因子(CREM)在精索静脉曲张(VC)大鼠睾丸组织中的表达,探讨CREM在VC大鼠不育中的作用及意义。方法选择32只SD大鼠,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(16只)和VC模型组(16只)。通过左肾静脉结扎的方法,制备VC大鼠模型,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)和蛋白质印迹法测定VC大鼠左侧睾丸组织中CREM m RNA和蛋白质水平的表达。结果与对照组相比,VC大鼠睾丸组织CREM m RNA和蛋白质水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 CREM在VC大鼠睾丸组织中表达降低,可能参与了VC大鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡的过程,在VC致不育中起重要作用。
