In the Universe, chemical reactions occur at very low temperature, very close to 0K. According to the standard Arrhenius mechanism, these reactions should occur with vanishingly small efficiency. However, cold planets...In the Universe, chemical reactions occur at very low temperature, very close to 0K. According to the standard Arrhenius mechanism, these reactions should occur with vanishingly small efficiency. However, cold planets of the solar system, such as Pluto, are covered by a crust composed of ammonia and methane, produced on earth only at very high temperature and pressure, in the presence of catalysts. This observation is incompatible with the predictions of Arrhenius kinetics. Here, we propose a general mechanism to explain the abundance of chemical reactions at very low temperature in the Universe. We postulate that the feedback between mechanical stress and chemical reaction provides, through fracture propagation, the energy necessary to overcome the activation barrier in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The notion described in this work can also be applied to other fields such as explosive-like solid phase transformations and catastrophical geotectonics phenomena (earthquakes).展开更多
Generalized the use of neutron activation analysis(NAA)in the investigations of unique processes occurring in early stages of formations and evolution of bodies in solar system Out of them the formation of chondrules,...Generalized the use of neutron activation analysis(NAA)in the investigations of unique processes occurring in early stages of formations and evolution of bodies in solar system Out of them the formation of chondrules,emergence of ultra refractory inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites,formation of metallic and silicate phases of iron and stone meteorites,and formation of iron meteorites of different chemical groups Changes in regolite and lunar rock contents,differentiation in the upper mantle matter, identification of earthly meteoritic craters,transportation of cosmic(meteoritic)materials on to the Earth, investigations of unique events like Tunguska fall of the year 1908 and also ore formation studies and processes taking place on geochemical barrier type river-sea,ocean-atmosphere and so on Prospectives of NAA are pointed out展开更多
离子探针(Secondary-ion mass spectrometry,SIMS)是一种固体原位微区分析技术,具有高分辨率、高精度、高灵敏等特征,广泛应用于地球化学、天体化学、半导体工业、生物等研究中。本文主要阐明了SIMS技术的原理、类型及其特点,综述了在...离子探针(Secondary-ion mass spectrometry,SIMS)是一种固体原位微区分析技术,具有高分辨率、高精度、高灵敏等特征,广泛应用于地球化学、天体化学、半导体工业、生物等研究中。本文主要阐明了SIMS技术的原理、类型及其特点,综述了在地球科学方面的某些研究,对比了不同微区分析技术的特点,最后,介绍了SIMS技术在黄铁矿微量元素原位微区分析的应用。展开更多
文摘In the Universe, chemical reactions occur at very low temperature, very close to 0K. According to the standard Arrhenius mechanism, these reactions should occur with vanishingly small efficiency. However, cold planets of the solar system, such as Pluto, are covered by a crust composed of ammonia and methane, produced on earth only at very high temperature and pressure, in the presence of catalysts. This observation is incompatible with the predictions of Arrhenius kinetics. Here, we propose a general mechanism to explain the abundance of chemical reactions at very low temperature in the Universe. We postulate that the feedback between mechanical stress and chemical reaction provides, through fracture propagation, the energy necessary to overcome the activation barrier in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The notion described in this work can also be applied to other fields such as explosive-like solid phase transformations and catastrophical geotectonics phenomena (earthquakes).
文摘Generalized the use of neutron activation analysis(NAA)in the investigations of unique processes occurring in early stages of formations and evolution of bodies in solar system Out of them the formation of chondrules,emergence of ultra refractory inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites,formation of metallic and silicate phases of iron and stone meteorites,and formation of iron meteorites of different chemical groups Changes in regolite and lunar rock contents,differentiation in the upper mantle matter, identification of earthly meteoritic craters,transportation of cosmic(meteoritic)materials on to the Earth, investigations of unique events like Tunguska fall of the year 1908 and also ore formation studies and processes taking place on geochemical barrier type river-sea,ocean-atmosphere and so on Prospectives of NAA are pointed out
文摘离子探针(Secondary-ion mass spectrometry,SIMS)是一种固体原位微区分析技术,具有高分辨率、高精度、高灵敏等特征,广泛应用于地球化学、天体化学、半导体工业、生物等研究中。本文主要阐明了SIMS技术的原理、类型及其特点,综述了在地球科学方面的某些研究,对比了不同微区分析技术的特点,最后,介绍了SIMS技术在黄铁矿微量元素原位微区分析的应用。
