目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的社区干预。方法对到社区门诊就诊的COPD患者进行戒烟,心理社会干预,运动训练,营养指导等为期1年的社区干预,并对比干预前、后患者的各项指标。结果经社区干预患者的戒烟率提高,自觉症状减轻,6 m in步...目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的社区干预。方法对到社区门诊就诊的COPD患者进行戒烟,心理社会干预,运动训练,营养指导等为期1年的社区干预,并对比干预前、后患者的各项指标。结果经社区干预患者的戒烟率提高,自觉症状减轻,6 m in步行距离增加,感冒次数及急性发作的次数明显减少,与干预前差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论通过社区干预可以提高患者的生活质量,减轻家庭和社会的负担。展开更多
The objective of the study was to identify the failure factors of community interventions in terms of HIV activities in the province of Haut-Katanga during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was phenomeno...The objective of the study was to identify the failure factors of community interventions in terms of HIV activities in the province of Haut-Katanga during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was phenomenological of the factors, carried out in Haut Katanga. All health facilities (FOSAs) having integrated the prevention of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child (PMTCT) were included in the study. The collection was carried out through individual semi-structured interviews with PMTCT focal points, mentor mothers and people living with HIV (PLWHA) cared for in some of these health facilities (FOSAs). The number of participants was determined by the saturation of responses. Nvivo v.11 software was used for the analyses. The data of each woman was handled confidentially. The authorization of the ethics committee of the University of Kinshasa ESP/CE091/2015, the free and written consent, was obtained before collecting the information. Results: It was observed the socio-cultural factors of success and failure of the interventions: the social fear generated by contradictory messages in the sensitization of the community;the lack of an obvious strategy for the involvement of the partner;the weak coordination of community care activities between the central office of the health zone;the FOSA and the community worker: low interest in community care evidenced by weak accountability of FOSAs, community and program providers in this regard;that relates to community activities;coordination of care between care units;overload of the staff in charge of activities within the health structure and their low motivation;the low communication time devoted to people living with HIV in the FOSAs. Conclusion: The study shows that interventions that can improve the quality and outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services can be directly linked to the program itself, as well as come from another or the community, which generally remains the weak link in which efforts are even less no展开更多
Background: To reduce infant and child mortality in Benin, a package of high-impact interventions per healthcare level was implemented in 2009. This study aimed to assess the quality of community-based health interven...Background: To reduce infant and child mortality in Benin, a package of high-impact interventions per healthcare level was implemented in 2009. This study aimed to assess the quality of community-based health interventions in reducing infant and child mortality within the municipality of Pobè in southeastern Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluative study carried out in November 2021 focused on children aged 0 - 59 months, their mothers, health workers, community facilitators, community health workers and the Town Hall health focal point. Mothers and their children were targeted by cluster sampling, and exhaustive selection was used to recruit all other participants. Predetermined scores based on rating criteria were used to assess the quality of community health interventions using the “input, process and outcome” of Donabedian approach. Results: Over 300 mother-child couples, 46 community health workers, 7 health agents, 1 community facilitator and 1 health focal point from Pobè town hall were surveyed. Intervention quality was judged as “average”, with a score of 73.80%. The “inputs” and “outcomes” components were the weakest links. Conclusion: Improving access to the inputs needed by community health workers can enhance the quality of PIHI interventions.展开更多
The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and pl...The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and plans available online in seven countries from four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, two main reasons have been highlighted. First, national strategic plans and policies for health development, in their formulation, neither sufficiently emphasize multisectoral approaches, nor sufficiently make these approaches operational in strategies and activities. Second, the mindset of health professionals due to their initial training orientation based on the biomedical approach, stands that disease is only a result of a physiological imbalance in the body;therefore, to restore health, such an imbalance only needs sophisticated procedures and interventions to be overcome. Such an orientation completely ignores the social, cultural and economic context in which the individual lives, which has an irretrievable influence on the health imbalance. However, health, influenced by the conditions in which people are conceived, born, grow, live, work and aged, cannot be effectively improved in a sustainable way without taking into account all these conditions. Whence the importance of approaches based on every sector of human activity that influences the living conditions.展开更多
目的观察社区护理对绝经后骨质疏松女性的干预效果。方法选取三亚市2017年6月1日-2019年1月1日某区农村187例60岁以上无重大疾病的绝经期女性,根据随机数字表进行分组,分为干预组(n=93)和对照组(n=92),均对其24小时尿钙值进行检测,其中...目的观察社区护理对绝经后骨质疏松女性的干预效果。方法选取三亚市2017年6月1日-2019年1月1日某区农村187例60岁以上无重大疾病的绝经期女性,根据随机数字表进行分组,分为干预组(n=93)和对照组(n=92),均对其24小时尿钙值进行检测,其中干预组需定期进行社区(心理、运动、饮食)护理,干预1年时间。对比两组前后1年时间24小时尿钙值的变化,及对24小时尿钙值与骨质疏松之间的关系进行横断面相关性分析,进而评价干预效果。结果通过护理1年后对两组的尿钙值及骨密度比较发现,24小时尿钙值确实有不同程度的下降,干预组与对照组尿钙值情况比较(2.39±0.39 VS 3.55±0.41)及骨质异常情况比较均有统计学意义。通过尿钙与骨量的拟合曲线的结果发现,24小时尿钙值在3.62mmol/天以上的绝经期女性骨量减少的风险明显上升。结论对农村绝经期女性骨质疏松进行积极社区护理干预措施可以有效降低24小时尿钙值,并可能预防或延缓骨质疏松的发生发展。24小时尿钙检测作为评价骨质疏松护理干预效果的一个辅助指标,可以推广。展开更多
文摘目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的社区干预。方法对到社区门诊就诊的COPD患者进行戒烟,心理社会干预,运动训练,营养指导等为期1年的社区干预,并对比干预前、后患者的各项指标。结果经社区干预患者的戒烟率提高,自觉症状减轻,6 m in步行距离增加,感冒次数及急性发作的次数明显减少,与干预前差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论通过社区干预可以提高患者的生活质量,减轻家庭和社会的负担。
文摘The objective of the study was to identify the failure factors of community interventions in terms of HIV activities in the province of Haut-Katanga during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was phenomenological of the factors, carried out in Haut Katanga. All health facilities (FOSAs) having integrated the prevention of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child (PMTCT) were included in the study. The collection was carried out through individual semi-structured interviews with PMTCT focal points, mentor mothers and people living with HIV (PLWHA) cared for in some of these health facilities (FOSAs). The number of participants was determined by the saturation of responses. Nvivo v.11 software was used for the analyses. The data of each woman was handled confidentially. The authorization of the ethics committee of the University of Kinshasa ESP/CE091/2015, the free and written consent, was obtained before collecting the information. Results: It was observed the socio-cultural factors of success and failure of the interventions: the social fear generated by contradictory messages in the sensitization of the community;the lack of an obvious strategy for the involvement of the partner;the weak coordination of community care activities between the central office of the health zone;the FOSA and the community worker: low interest in community care evidenced by weak accountability of FOSAs, community and program providers in this regard;that relates to community activities;coordination of care between care units;overload of the staff in charge of activities within the health structure and their low motivation;the low communication time devoted to people living with HIV in the FOSAs. Conclusion: The study shows that interventions that can improve the quality and outcomes of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services can be directly linked to the program itself, as well as come from another or the community, which generally remains the weak link in which efforts are even less no
文摘Background: To reduce infant and child mortality in Benin, a package of high-impact interventions per healthcare level was implemented in 2009. This study aimed to assess the quality of community-based health interventions in reducing infant and child mortality within the municipality of Pobè in southeastern Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluative study carried out in November 2021 focused on children aged 0 - 59 months, their mothers, health workers, community facilitators, community health workers and the Town Hall health focal point. Mothers and their children were targeted by cluster sampling, and exhaustive selection was used to recruit all other participants. Predetermined scores based on rating criteria were used to assess the quality of community health interventions using the “input, process and outcome” of Donabedian approach. Results: Over 300 mother-child couples, 46 community health workers, 7 health agents, 1 community facilitator and 1 health focal point from Pobè town hall were surveyed. Intervention quality was judged as “average”, with a score of 73.80%. The “inputs” and “outcomes” components were the weakest links. Conclusion: Improving access to the inputs needed by community health workers can enhance the quality of PIHI interventions.
文摘The objective of this work is to analyze the reasons why community health interventions in Africa do not consider multisectoral approaches. To achieve it, we perform a mini-review of health development policies and plans available online in seven countries from four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, two main reasons have been highlighted. First, national strategic plans and policies for health development, in their formulation, neither sufficiently emphasize multisectoral approaches, nor sufficiently make these approaches operational in strategies and activities. Second, the mindset of health professionals due to their initial training orientation based on the biomedical approach, stands that disease is only a result of a physiological imbalance in the body;therefore, to restore health, such an imbalance only needs sophisticated procedures and interventions to be overcome. Such an orientation completely ignores the social, cultural and economic context in which the individual lives, which has an irretrievable influence on the health imbalance. However, health, influenced by the conditions in which people are conceived, born, grow, live, work and aged, cannot be effectively improved in a sustainable way without taking into account all these conditions. Whence the importance of approaches based on every sector of human activity that influences the living conditions.
文摘目的观察社区护理对绝经后骨质疏松女性的干预效果。方法选取三亚市2017年6月1日-2019年1月1日某区农村187例60岁以上无重大疾病的绝经期女性,根据随机数字表进行分组,分为干预组(n=93)和对照组(n=92),均对其24小时尿钙值进行检测,其中干预组需定期进行社区(心理、运动、饮食)护理,干预1年时间。对比两组前后1年时间24小时尿钙值的变化,及对24小时尿钙值与骨质疏松之间的关系进行横断面相关性分析,进而评价干预效果。结果通过护理1年后对两组的尿钙值及骨密度比较发现,24小时尿钙值确实有不同程度的下降,干预组与对照组尿钙值情况比较(2.39±0.39 VS 3.55±0.41)及骨质异常情况比较均有统计学意义。通过尿钙与骨量的拟合曲线的结果发现,24小时尿钙值在3.62mmol/天以上的绝经期女性骨量减少的风险明显上升。结论对农村绝经期女性骨质疏松进行积极社区护理干预措施可以有效降低24小时尿钙值,并可能预防或延缓骨质疏松的发生发展。24小时尿钙检测作为评价骨质疏松护理干预效果的一个辅助指标,可以推广。
