An acute respiratory disease,caused by a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,previously known as 2019-nCoV),the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention.On 30 January 202...An acute respiratory disease,caused by a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,previously known as 2019-nCoV),the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention.On 30 January 2020,World Health Organization(WHO)officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern.The emergence of SARS-CoV-2,since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARSCoV)in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)in 2012,marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century.As of 1 March 2020,a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally,79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China,with 2977 deaths(3.4%)had been reported by WHO.Meanwhile,several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs toβ-coronavirus,with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus,pointing to bat as the natural host.The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)as that for SARS-CoV,and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract.Importantly,increasingly evidence showed sustained human-tohuman transmission,along with many exported cases across the globe.The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever,cough,fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms.The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes,which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and cytokine storm.Currently,there are few specific antiviral strategies,but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation.In this review,we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical characteristics of COVID-19,and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.展开更多
目的分析2017年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的流行特征及其造成的疾病负担,为广西恶性肿瘤防治提供参考。方法根据2017年广西33个肿瘤登记地区上报的肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算发病率、死亡率及其中国人口和世界人口标化率(简称中标发病率/...目的分析2017年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的流行特征及其造成的疾病负担,为广西恶性肿瘤防治提供参考。方法根据2017年广西33个肿瘤登记地区上报的肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算发病率、死亡率及其中国人口和世界人口标化率(简称中标发病率/死亡率和世标发病率/死亡率)等指标分析恶性肿瘤的流行特征;采用伤残损失寿命年(years of lived with disability,YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability⁃adjusted life years,DALYs)等指标评价恶性肿瘤疾病负担。结果2017年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤共报告新发病例34105例,粗发病率为243.67/10万,中标发病率为201.71/10万,世标发病率为196.51/10万;共报告死亡例数20709例,粗死亡率为147.96/10万,中标死亡率为117.81/10万,世标死亡率为116.26/10万。恶性肿瘤发病前10位分别是肺癌、肝癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、子宫体癌、前列腺癌和卵巢癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的74.0%;死亡前10位分别为肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、白血病和脑癌,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的82.0%。2017年广西恶性肿瘤合计损失的DALYs为301738.20人年,DALYs率为2155.86/10万人年,DALYs率前10位癌种分别为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、子宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、白血病、脑癌和食管癌。结论2017年广西恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率和DALYs率均处较高水平,肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、女性乳腺癌、子宫颈癌等是广西重点防治的恶性肿瘤。展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory disorder with unidentified causes. Both environmental factors and genetic aspects are believed to be crucial to the pathogenesis of IBD. ...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory disorder with unidentified causes. Both environmental factors and genetic aspects are believed to be crucial to the pathogenesis of IBD. The incidence and prevalence of IBD have recently been increasing throughout Asia, presumably secondary to environmental changes. This increasing trend in IBD epidemiology necessitates specific health care planning and education in Asia. To this end, we must gain a precise understanding of the distinctive clinical and therapeutic characteristics of Asian patients with IBD. The phenotypes of IBD reportedly differ considerably between Asians and Caucasians. Thus, use of the same management strategies for these different populations may not be appropriate. Moreover, investigation of the Asian-specific clinical aspects of IBD offers the possibility of identifying causative factors in the pathogenesis of IBD in this geographical area. Accordingly, this review summarizes current knowledge of the phenotypic manifestations and management practices of patients with IBD, with a special focus on a comparisonof Eastern and Western perspectives.展开更多
Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is very common,with the infection rate in adults over 90%worldwide.Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is caused by primary infection with EBV.Most IM patients are generally considered to have a favorab...Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is very common,with the infection rate in adults over 90%worldwide.Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is caused by primary infection with EBV.Most IM patients are generally considered to have a favorable prognosis,but a few patients will also develop complications.Children with severe symptoms will require hospitalization.However,the disease burden of children hospitalized with IM in China has been rarely described.In this study,we included the Face sheets of discharge medical records from 27 member children's hospitals of Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development from Jan 1st,2016 to Dec 31st,2020,and medical information such as gender,age,region,time of admission,length of stay and expenditure were extracted.There were 24,120 IM cases,which accounted for 0.42%(24,120/5,693,262)of all hospitalized cases during this period.The ratio of male to female was 1.48:1.Hospitalization for IM in the 4-6 years age group was the highest among inpatients of all age groups.Case numbers increased year by year between 2016 and 2020,and the monthly hospitalization was generally high from Jul to Sep but reduced from Jan to Feb per year.Bronchitis/pneumonia and hepatic dysfunction were two common complications in hospitalized IM patients.The median length of stay was 8 days,and the median cost of hospitalization was 970.59 US dollars.This study will help understand the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of hospitalized children with IM in China.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are serious health problems worldwide.These two diseases have similar pathological spectra,ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatiti...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are serious health problems worldwide.These two diseases have similar pathological spectra,ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although most subjects with excessive alcohol or food intake experience simple hepatic steatosis,a small percentage of individuals will develop progressive liver disease.Notably,both ALD and NAFLD are frequently accompanied by extrahepatic complications,including cardiovascular disease and malignancy.The survival of patients with ALD and NAFLD depends on various disease-associated conditions.This review delineates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ALD and NAFLD by comparing their epidemiology,the factors associated with disease susceptibility and progression,and the predictors and characteristics of outcomes.A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of ALD and NAFLD is imperative in the management of these chronic liver diseases.展开更多
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870019)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2018A030313554)+2 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0910601)the National Medical Research Council,Singapore(NMRC/CIRG/1458/2016)a recipient of fellowship support from European Allergy and Clinical Immunology(EAACI)Research Fellowship 2019。
文摘An acute respiratory disease,caused by a novel coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2,previously known as 2019-nCoV),the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention.On 30 January 2020,World Health Organization(WHO)officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern.The emergence of SARS-CoV-2,since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARSCoV)in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)in 2012,marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century.As of 1 March 2020,a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally,79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China,with 2977 deaths(3.4%)had been reported by WHO.Meanwhile,several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs toβ-coronavirus,with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus,pointing to bat as the natural host.The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)as that for SARS-CoV,and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract.Importantly,increasingly evidence showed sustained human-tohuman transmission,along with many exported cases across the globe.The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever,cough,fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms.The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes,which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and cytokine storm.Currently,there are few specific antiviral strategies,but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation.In this review,we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and clinical characteristics of COVID-19,and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.
文摘目的分析2017年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的流行特征及其造成的疾病负担,为广西恶性肿瘤防治提供参考。方法根据2017年广西33个肿瘤登记地区上报的肿瘤发病和死亡数据,计算发病率、死亡率及其中国人口和世界人口标化率(简称中标发病率/死亡率和世标发病率/死亡率)等指标分析恶性肿瘤的流行特征;采用伤残损失寿命年(years of lived with disability,YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability⁃adjusted life years,DALYs)等指标评价恶性肿瘤疾病负担。结果2017年广西肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤共报告新发病例34105例,粗发病率为243.67/10万,中标发病率为201.71/10万,世标发病率为196.51/10万;共报告死亡例数20709例,粗死亡率为147.96/10万,中标死亡率为117.81/10万,世标死亡率为116.26/10万。恶性肿瘤发病前10位分别是肺癌、肝癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、子宫体癌、前列腺癌和卵巢癌,占全部恶性肿瘤发病的74.0%;死亡前10位分别为肝癌、肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、女性乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌、白血病和脑癌,占全部恶性肿瘤死亡的82.0%。2017年广西恶性肿瘤合计损失的DALYs为301738.20人年,DALYs率为2155.86/10万人年,DALYs率前10位癌种分别为肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、子宫颈癌、鼻咽癌、白血病、脑癌和食管癌。结论2017年广西恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率和DALYs率均处较高水平,肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、女性乳腺癌、子宫颈癌等是广西重点防治的恶性肿瘤。
基金Supported by Yonsei University College of Medicine for 2011 No.6-2011-0206
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammatory disorder with unidentified causes. Both environmental factors and genetic aspects are believed to be crucial to the pathogenesis of IBD. The incidence and prevalence of IBD have recently been increasing throughout Asia, presumably secondary to environmental changes. This increasing trend in IBD epidemiology necessitates specific health care planning and education in Asia. To this end, we must gain a precise understanding of the distinctive clinical and therapeutic characteristics of Asian patients with IBD. The phenotypes of IBD reportedly differ considerably between Asians and Caucasians. Thus, use of the same management strategies for these different populations may not be appropriate. Moreover, investigation of the Asian-specific clinical aspects of IBD offers the possibility of identifying causative factors in the pathogenesis of IBD in this geographical area. Accordingly, this review summarizes current knowledge of the phenotypic manifestations and management practices of patients with IBD, with a special focus on a comparisonof Eastern and Western perspectives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002130)supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-026)
文摘Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is very common,with the infection rate in adults over 90%worldwide.Infectious mononucleosis(IM)is caused by primary infection with EBV.Most IM patients are generally considered to have a favorable prognosis,but a few patients will also develop complications.Children with severe symptoms will require hospitalization.However,the disease burden of children hospitalized with IM in China has been rarely described.In this study,we included the Face sheets of discharge medical records from 27 member children's hospitals of Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development from Jan 1st,2016 to Dec 31st,2020,and medical information such as gender,age,region,time of admission,length of stay and expenditure were extracted.There were 24,120 IM cases,which accounted for 0.42%(24,120/5,693,262)of all hospitalized cases during this period.The ratio of male to female was 1.48:1.Hospitalization for IM in the 4-6 years age group was the highest among inpatients of all age groups.Case numbers increased year by year between 2016 and 2020,and the monthly hospitalization was generally high from Jul to Sep but reduced from Jan to Feb per year.Bronchitis/pneumonia and hepatic dysfunction were two common complications in hospitalized IM patients.The median length of stay was 8 days,and the median cost of hospitalization was 970.59 US dollars.This study will help understand the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of hospitalized children with IM in China.
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are serious health problems worldwide.These two diseases have similar pathological spectra,ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although most subjects with excessive alcohol or food intake experience simple hepatic steatosis,a small percentage of individuals will develop progressive liver disease.Notably,both ALD and NAFLD are frequently accompanied by extrahepatic complications,including cardiovascular disease and malignancy.The survival of patients with ALD and NAFLD depends on various disease-associated conditions.This review delineates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ALD and NAFLD by comparing their epidemiology,the factors associated with disease susceptibility and progression,and the predictors and characteristics of outcomes.A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of ALD and NAFLD is imperative in the management of these chronic liver diseases.
