Background and Aims:Anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB)druginduced liver injury(AT-DILI)is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy.AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until sympto...Background and Aims:Anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB)druginduced liver injury(AT-DILI)is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy.AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until symptoms arise in patients without high-risk factors for liver damage.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liver function test(LFT)abnormal identification on the risk of DILI,including liver failure and anti-TB drug resistance in patients without high-risk factors.Methods:A total of 399 patients without high-risk factors for liver damage at baseline and who experienced LFT abnormal during the 6 months of first-line anti-TB treatment were enrolled.The Roussel Uclaf Causal Relationship Assessment Method(RUCAM,2016)was applied in suspected DILI.The correlations between the time of LFT abnormal identification and DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and multivariable logistic regression models.Results:Among all study patients,131 met the criteria for DILI with a mean RUCAM causality score of 8.86±0.63.26/131 and 105/131 were in the probable grading and highly probable grading,respectively.The time of abnormal LFT identification was an independent predictor of DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance in the crude model and after adjusting for other risk patient factors.The time of abnormal LFT identification was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The late identification group(>8 weeks)had the highest risk of DILI,followed by liver failure compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:The time to identification of LFT was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The risk of DILI and liver failure was significantly increased in the late identification group with abnormal LFT identified after 8 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks.Early monitoring of LFT is recommended for patients without the high-risk factor of DILI after anti-TB treatment is initiated.展开更多
Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR)can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in China.While significant improvements have been made in climate models,they often struggle to simulate loca...Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR)can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in China.While significant improvements have been made in climate models,they often struggle to simulate local-to-regional extreme rainfall(e.g.,MYR).Yet,large-scale climate modes(LSCMs)are relatively well represented in climate models.Since there exists a close relationship between MYR and various LSCMs,it might be possible to develop causality-guided statistical models for MYR prediction based on LSCMs.These statistical models could then be applied to climate model simulations to improve the representation of MYR in climate models.In this pilot study,it is demonstrated that skillful causality-guided statistical models for MYR can be constructed based on known LSCMs.The relevancy of the selected predictors for statistical models are found to be consistent with the literature.The importance of temporal resolution in constructing statistical models for MYR is also shown and is in good agreement with the literature.The results demonstrate the reliability of the causality-guided approach in studying complex circulation systems such as the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).Some limitations and possible improvements of the current approach are discussed.The application of the causality-guided approach opens up a new possibility to uncover the complex interactions in the EASM in future studies.展开更多
本研究的目的是在香港中学生人群中检验中文版本《原因知觉量表》(perceived locus of causality scale)在体育课中应用的相关心理测量学属性。两组香港中学生(样本1为346人,样本2为332人)被邀请完成原因知觉量表。来自两个样本的验证...本研究的目的是在香港中学生人群中检验中文版本《原因知觉量表》(perceived locus of causality scale)在体育课中应用的相关心理测量学属性。两组香港中学生(样本1为346人,样本2为332人)被邀请完成原因知觉量表。来自两个样本的验证性因素分析结果支持原因知觉量表的五因素结构。条目7(外部调节)和条目3(内摄调节)均表现出跨因素以及与其他条目显著相关的现象。因此,删除条目7和条目3显著改善模型拟合情况。区分效度分析发现,认同调节和内部动机相关过高,可能存在无法区分情况。研究者进一步对五因素模型和四因素模型(将认同调节因素和内部动机因素合为一个因素)进行比较发现,四因素模型并不优于五因素模型。虽然两维度存在高相关,但五因素模型予以保留。15条目五因素原因知觉量表各分量表内部一致性信度,除内摄调节因素外均大于0.70。同时,恒等性分析结果表明,15条目五因素模型具有跨性别和跨组别的测量恒等性。潜变量平均数差异检验结果表明,来自两个样本的中学生在五个因素上得分均无显著差异;但女生在无动机、外部调节和内摄调节三个因素上的得分显著低于男生。本研究结果为原因知觉量表的信、效度提供了初步支持,该量表可以在香港中学生体育课情境中使用。但需要注意的是,认同调节和内部动机两个分量表的区别不明显,未来研究可进一步对这两个分量表进行调整及修订。展开更多
Based on self-reported surveys conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, cannabis use in pregnant females has increased over the years. Despite the increasing trend, the relationship ...Based on self-reported surveys conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, cannabis use in pregnant females has increased over the years. Despite the increasing trend, the relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes is not fully understood. This review paper evaluates the literature investigating the short-term and long-term fetal outcomes resulting from cannabis use during pregnancy. Additionally, the risk of chronic marijuana use leading to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome has been highlighted in this paper using conclusions compiled from several case studies. Several studies linked delayed mental growth and reduced cognitive function with prenatal cannabis use, but the literature <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> limited to lower-quality observational studies and could not establish causality. One systematic review investigated short-term outcomes of low birth rates and preterm deliveries, where marijuana use in conjunction with tobacco use was associated with more preterm deliveries. Another study found that six-year-old patients exposed to cannabis prenatally were more likely to score lower in different categories on the Stanford-Binet scale test, which measures intelligence. The exposure in the first, second, or third trimester was associated with lower composite or subcategory scores such as verbal reasoning or short-term memory. Despite these results, the studies evaluated had limitations. They could not establish a clear relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes, but the literature showed a similar pattern of health, social and economic inequities among the populations who self-reported cannabis and substance use and non-users. Current organization guidelines advise against the use of cannabis use during pregnancy due to mixed and limited literature. However,展开更多
基金supported by the funds for the construction of key medical disciplines in Shenzhen.
文摘Background and Aims:Anti-tuberculosis(anti-TB)druginduced liver injury(AT-DILI)is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy.AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until symptoms arise in patients without high-risk factors for liver damage.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liver function test(LFT)abnormal identification on the risk of DILI,including liver failure and anti-TB drug resistance in patients without high-risk factors.Methods:A total of 399 patients without high-risk factors for liver damage at baseline and who experienced LFT abnormal during the 6 months of first-line anti-TB treatment were enrolled.The Roussel Uclaf Causal Relationship Assessment Method(RUCAM,2016)was applied in suspected DILI.The correlations between the time of LFT abnormal identification and DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and multivariable logistic regression models.Results:Among all study patients,131 met the criteria for DILI with a mean RUCAM causality score of 8.86±0.63.26/131 and 105/131 were in the probable grading and highly probable grading,respectively.The time of abnormal LFT identification was an independent predictor of DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance in the crude model and after adjusting for other risk patient factors.The time of abnormal LFT identification was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The late identification group(>8 weeks)had the highest risk of DILI,followed by liver failure compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:The time to identification of LFT was positively correlated with DILI,liver failure,and anti-TB drug resistance.The risk of DILI and liver failure was significantly increased in the late identification group with abnormal LFT identified after 8 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks.Early monitoring of LFT is recommended for patients without the high-risk factor of DILI after anti-TB treatment is initiated.
基金香港教育大学Internal Research Grant(RG68/2016-2017)香港教育大学Start-up Research Grant(RG1/2016-2017R)+1 种基金香港教育大学Dean’s Research Output Prize(04233-SSC ROP-3)德国慕尼黑大学Rachel Cason Fellowship 2017-2018
基金supported by the UK-China Research and Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership(CSSP)China as part of the Newton Fund。
文摘Extreme Mei-yu rainfall(MYR)can cause catastrophic impacts to the economic development and societal welfare in China.While significant improvements have been made in climate models,they often struggle to simulate local-to-regional extreme rainfall(e.g.,MYR).Yet,large-scale climate modes(LSCMs)are relatively well represented in climate models.Since there exists a close relationship between MYR and various LSCMs,it might be possible to develop causality-guided statistical models for MYR prediction based on LSCMs.These statistical models could then be applied to climate model simulations to improve the representation of MYR in climate models.In this pilot study,it is demonstrated that skillful causality-guided statistical models for MYR can be constructed based on known LSCMs.The relevancy of the selected predictors for statistical models are found to be consistent with the literature.The importance of temporal resolution in constructing statistical models for MYR is also shown and is in good agreement with the literature.The results demonstrate the reliability of the causality-guided approach in studying complex circulation systems such as the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM).Some limitations and possible improvements of the current approach are discussed.The application of the causality-guided approach opens up a new possibility to uncover the complex interactions in the EASM in future studies.
文摘本研究的目的是在香港中学生人群中检验中文版本《原因知觉量表》(perceived locus of causality scale)在体育课中应用的相关心理测量学属性。两组香港中学生(样本1为346人,样本2为332人)被邀请完成原因知觉量表。来自两个样本的验证性因素分析结果支持原因知觉量表的五因素结构。条目7(外部调节)和条目3(内摄调节)均表现出跨因素以及与其他条目显著相关的现象。因此,删除条目7和条目3显著改善模型拟合情况。区分效度分析发现,认同调节和内部动机相关过高,可能存在无法区分情况。研究者进一步对五因素模型和四因素模型(将认同调节因素和内部动机因素合为一个因素)进行比较发现,四因素模型并不优于五因素模型。虽然两维度存在高相关,但五因素模型予以保留。15条目五因素原因知觉量表各分量表内部一致性信度,除内摄调节因素外均大于0.70。同时,恒等性分析结果表明,15条目五因素模型具有跨性别和跨组别的测量恒等性。潜变量平均数差异检验结果表明,来自两个样本的中学生在五个因素上得分均无显著差异;但女生在无动机、外部调节和内摄调节三个因素上的得分显著低于男生。本研究结果为原因知觉量表的信、效度提供了初步支持,该量表可以在香港中学生体育课情境中使用。但需要注意的是,认同调节和内部动机两个分量表的区别不明显,未来研究可进一步对这两个分量表进行调整及修订。
文摘Based on self-reported surveys conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, cannabis use in pregnant females has increased over the years. Despite the increasing trend, the relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes is not fully understood. This review paper evaluates the literature investigating the short-term and long-term fetal outcomes resulting from cannabis use during pregnancy. Additionally, the risk of chronic marijuana use leading to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome has been highlighted in this paper using conclusions compiled from several case studies. Several studies linked delayed mental growth and reduced cognitive function with prenatal cannabis use, but the literature <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> limited to lower-quality observational studies and could not establish causality. One systematic review investigated short-term outcomes of low birth rates and preterm deliveries, where marijuana use in conjunction with tobacco use was associated with more preterm deliveries. Another study found that six-year-old patients exposed to cannabis prenatally were more likely to score lower in different categories on the Stanford-Binet scale test, which measures intelligence. The exposure in the first, second, or third trimester was associated with lower composite or subcategory scores such as verbal reasoning or short-term memory. Despite these results, the studies evaluated had limitations. They could not establish a clear relationship between cannabis use and fetal outcomes, but the literature showed a similar pattern of health, social and economic inequities among the populations who self-reported cannabis and substance use and non-users. Current organization guidelines advise against the use of cannabis use during pregnancy due to mixed and limited literature. However,
