INTRODUCTION E Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective action of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on experimental animal models of liver injury and on patients with
Dear Editor,Body protection compound (BPC) 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide. Predrag Sikiric’s team has carried out many investigations of its cytoprotective effects in different organs and tissues (1, 2)Thei...Dear Editor,Body protection compound (BPC) 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide. Predrag Sikiric’s team has carried out many investigations of its cytoprotective effects in different organs and tissues (1, 2)Their evidence indicates that BPC157 has potent cytoprotection in neural injury and gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers. Nevertheless.展开更多
Steroids and ecdysteroids have been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects,including anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and neuroprotective.This systematic review aims to highlight the evidence-based neuroprotective...Steroids and ecdysteroids have been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects,including anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and neuroprotective.This systematic review aims to highlight the evidence-based neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.A comprehensive literature search was conducted on May 11,2023,without publication source restrictions,using various electronic databases,including PubMed,Web of Science(WoS),Scopus,and Cumulative Index toNursing and Allied Health Literature.Of 103articles,only20 studies were included for investigating the neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress or neurotoxic agents.The risk of bias and quality assessment of the included studies were evaluated in accordance with the Nature Publication Quality Improvement Project specific criteria.The selected studies reported the antioxidant effects of the tested compounds on SH-SY5Y cells and demonstrated their ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation.These findings suggest that neurosteroids have potential therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuronal damage.Some studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y cells.These mechanisms include the activation of antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,and the modulation of various signaling pathways,including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways.This review provides evidence that the tested compounds have remarkable neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.展开更多
Pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant qualit...Pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant quality. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a different ratio (vol/vol) of ethanol to water (0-100%) in the extraction of PDNE with potent antioxidant capacity. The chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of PDNE. Subsequently, the cytoprotective effect of PDNE was determined using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-challenged HepG2 cellular model. The needle extracts from 40% ethanol (PDNE-40) showed greater radical scavenging activity followed by 60%, 20%, 80%, 0% and 100% ethanol extracts. EC50 value of the most active extract, PDNE-40, was 8.56 ± 0.51 μg/mL, relative to 1.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for ABTS radical), and 75.96 ± 11.60 μg/mL, relative to 4.83 ± 0.26 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for DPPH radical). Either PDNE-20 or PDNE-40 pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in TBHP-challenged HepG2 cells. In addition, both PDNE-20 and PDNE-40 significantly reversed the decreased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Moreover, these two extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on TBHP-induced nuclear damage and loss of cell viability. In summary, the inclusion of 40% ethanol in water for extraction of Pinus densiflora needle greatly increases the antioxidant quality of the extract.展开更多
Cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass)is commonly used in traditional folk medicine.The essential oil extracted from C.citratus has been reported as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.This study has been d...Cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass)is commonly used in traditional folk medicine.The essential oil extracted from C.citratus has been reported as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.This study has been designed to explore the protective effect of C.citratus(lemon grass)against modified LDL(OxLDL and H2O2 LDL)induced cytotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC).The essential oil extracted from C.citratus(EOC)was subjected to FT-IR spectroscopic analysis for the identification of functional groups.In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out to assess the electron donating capability of EOC as compared with a known standard L-ascorbic acid.The cytoprotective effects of EOC were determined in PBMC induced with modified LDL.Spectra obtained from FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional groups in EOC such as H-bonded,O-H stretching,N-H stretching,aldehyde-C-H stretching,aldehyde/ketone-C=O stretching,-C=C-stretching,-CH_(3) bending,-C-H in plane bending.EOC has greater antioxidant property when compared with the standard L-ascorbic acid.EOC at all test concentrations demonstrated free radical scavenging activity and cytoprotective effect when challenged against modified LDL in PBMC.The above results show EOC as a promising antioxidant and cytoprotective agent.展开更多
Objective:To investigate mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Adenanthera pavonina(A.pavonina) extracts.Methods:Rat peritoneal macrophages were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and H_2...Objective:To investigate mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Adenanthera pavonina(A.pavonina) extracts.Methods:Rat peritoneal macrophages were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and H_2O_2 in the presence and absence of kernel extract from A.pavonina.Nitric oxide,superoxide anion generation,cell viability and nuclear fragmentation were investigated.Results:The pre-treatment of kernel extract from A.pavonina suppressed nitric oxide,superoxide anion,cell death,nuclear fragmentation in lipopolysaccharide and H_2O_2stimulated or induced macrophages,respectively.Conclusions:These results suggest that A.pavonina extract suppresses the intra cellular peroxide production.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the eytoproteetive and antidiabetic activities as well as phytochemical composition of the immature inflorescence of Cocas nucifera belonging to the Arecaceae Family.Methods:The phytochemical scre...Objective:To analyze the eytoproteetive and antidiabetic activities as well as phytochemical composition of the immature inflorescence of Cocas nucifera belonging to the Arecaceae Family.Methods:The phytochemical screening of inflorescence was done to determine the major constituents present in Cocos nucifera inflorescence.The free radical scavenging potential of inflorescence extracts were evaluated using in vitro radical scavenging assay models.Results:The phytochemical analyses on inflorescence showed the presence of phenolic compounds,flavonoids.resins and alkaloids.The macronutrient analyses,on the other hand,showed the presence of carbohydrate,proteins and fibers.Administration of the methanol extract of coconut inflorescence to the diabetic rats showed dose dependent reduction in hyperglycemia.The cytoprotective property of coconut inflorescence was evidenced from the acute toxicological evaluation.The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the diabetic rats treated with inflorescence when compared with the diabetic control rats.Conclusion:The results obtained from the present study apparently proved the non-toxic nature and the eytoproteetive and antihyperglycemic properties of coconut inflorescence.展开更多
Salacia oblonga (Wall.) belonging to the family Celastraceae is an important medicinal plant available in India and Sri Lanka. It possesses an array of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In the present study ...Salacia oblonga (Wall.) belonging to the family Celastraceae is an important medicinal plant available in India and Sri Lanka. It possesses an array of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In the present study phenolic compounds of S. oblonga methanolic extracts were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicating the presence of catechin, quercetin, synapic acid and syringic acid. The study involved evaluation of S. oblonga extracts for cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects on human lymphocytes. Aerial extracts have significant protective activity against hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) induced cytotoxic activity in comparison to the root extracts. The results relate the cytoprotective effect of S. oblonga due to the presence of poly phenols and other phytochemicals, as they have significant ability to remove free radicals or reactive species and might induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes inside the cells.展开更多
Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol sa...Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol saponins were isolated and idendified as JA―JI（named transitorily） by means of NMR spectrometry.After bio-activity screening on them,we defined that monomers tigogenin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→3）]-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JB） and hecogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JG） have cytoprotective bio-activity.Compound JB display effective dose in 10-8 and 10-9 mol/L,and JG in 10-6―10-9 mol/L.Survival rate,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and apoptosis also show that JB（at dose 10-8,10-9 and 10-10 mol/L） can protect myocardial injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R）.While morphology change also shows JG has cytoprotective bio-activity.展开更多
Soybeans are known as a promising source of bioactive peptides.However,knowledge on the antioxidant behaviors of soybean protein hydrolysate(SPH)in the human intestinal epithelium is limited.In this study,SPH was prep...Soybeans are known as a promising source of bioactive peptides.However,knowledge on the antioxidant behaviors of soybean protein hydrolysate(SPH)in the human intestinal epithelium is limited.In this study,SPH was prepared with Alcalase and subsequently ultrafiltered into four peptide fractions as SPH-I(<3 kDa),SPH-II(3~5 k Da),SPH-III(5~10 k Da)and SPH-IV(>10 kDa).The antioxidant properties of SPH and membrane fractions were investigated using different chemical assays and their protective effects against oxidative stress were evaluated using H2 O2-stressed human intestinal Caco-2 cells.Results showed that SPH-I exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity(IC50=2.56 mg/m L)and reducing capacity while SPH-III had the best metal ion-chelating activity(IC50=0.29 mg/m L).Both SPH and the peptide fractions dose-dependently suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation induced by H2O2 in Caco-2 cells,but the strongest inhibitory effect was observed for SPH-I.Amino acid(AA)results revealed that SPH-I was rich in hydrophobic and antioxidant AAs,which could contribute to its stronger antioxidant properties.Additionally,SPH-I protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activities.These results suggest that SPH-I and constitutive peptides can be beneficial ingredients with antioxidant properties and protective effects against ROS-mediated intestinal injury.展开更多
PARP inhibitors have proven to be effective in conjunction with conventional therapeutics in the treatment of various solid as well as hematologic malignancies,particularly when the tumors are deficient in DNA repair p...PARP inhibitors have proven to be effective in conjunction with conventional therapeutics in the treatment of various solid as well as hematologic malignancies,particularly when the tumors are deficient in DNA repair pathways.However,as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents,their effectiveness is often compromised by the development of resistance.PARP inhibitors have consistently been reported to promote autophagy,a process that maintains cellular homeostasis and acts as an energy source by the degradation and reutilization of damaged subcellular organelles and proteins.Autophagy can exhibit different functional properties,the most prominent being cytoprotective.In addition,both cytotoxic and non-protective functions forms have also been identified.In this review,we explore the available literature regarding the different roles of autophagy in response to clinically-used PARP inhibitors,highlighting the possibility of targeting autophagy as an adjuvant therapy to potentially increase the effectiveness of PARP inhibition and to overcome the development of resistance.展开更多
Pleat shock protein 70 （HSP70） is a kind of non-specific cytoprotective protein, and its generation can be induced by acupuncture and moxibustion. In the present paper, the authors review the protective actions of H...Pleat shock protein 70 （HSP70） is a kind of non-specific cytoprotective protein, and its generation can be induced by acupuncture and moxibustion. In the present paper, the authors review the protective actions of HSP70 on the heart, gastric mucosa, liver, brain tissues, kidney, etc., and the relationship among acupuncture/moxibustion, heat shock protein and the cytoprotective actions. It is worth studying the cytoprotective effect of acupuncture and moxibustion by way of the resultant generation of HSP70 in the organism.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION E Numerous studies have demonstrated the protective action of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) on experimental animal models of liver injury and on patients with
基金supported by a JMEY International collaboration Grant(020002015)
文摘Dear Editor,Body protection compound (BPC) 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide. Predrag Sikiric’s team has carried out many investigations of its cytoprotective effects in different organs and tissues (1, 2)Their evidence indicates that BPC157 has potent cytoprotection in neural injury and gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers. Nevertheless.
基金Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship founded by the Hungarian Government。
文摘Steroids and ecdysteroids have been shown to exhibit a range of biological effects,including anti-inflammatory,anticancer,and neuroprotective.This systematic review aims to highlight the evidence-based neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.A comprehensive literature search was conducted on May 11,2023,without publication source restrictions,using various electronic databases,including PubMed,Web of Science(WoS),Scopus,and Cumulative Index toNursing and Allied Health Literature.Of 103articles,only20 studies were included for investigating the neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress or neurotoxic agents.The risk of bias and quality assessment of the included studies were evaluated in accordance with the Nature Publication Quality Improvement Project specific criteria.The selected studies reported the antioxidant effects of the tested compounds on SH-SY5Y cells and demonstrated their ability to scavenge free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation.These findings suggest that neurosteroids have potential therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by oxidative stress and neuronal damage.Some studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y cells.These mechanisms include the activation of antioxidant enzymes,such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,and the modulation of various signaling pathways,including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways.This review provides evidence that the tested compounds have remarkable neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
基金the Korea Forestry Promotion Institute (R&D program for Forest Science Technology, Grant No. 2013070B101819-AA03)Kookmin University, South Korea, (Grant No. 2017) for financial support
文摘Pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant quality. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a different ratio (vol/vol) of ethanol to water (0-100%) in the extraction of PDNE with potent antioxidant capacity. The chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of PDNE. Subsequently, the cytoprotective effect of PDNE was determined using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-challenged HepG2 cellular model. The needle extracts from 40% ethanol (PDNE-40) showed greater radical scavenging activity followed by 60%, 20%, 80%, 0% and 100% ethanol extracts. EC50 value of the most active extract, PDNE-40, was 8.56 ± 0.51 μg/mL, relative to 1.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for ABTS radical), and 75.96 ± 11.60 μg/mL, relative to 4.83 ± 0.26 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for DPPH radical). Either PDNE-20 or PDNE-40 pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in TBHP-challenged HepG2 cells. In addition, both PDNE-20 and PDNE-40 significantly reversed the decreased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Moreover, these two extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on TBHP-induced nuclear damage and loss of cell viability. In summary, the inclusion of 40% ethanol in water for extraction of Pinus densiflora needle greatly increases the antioxidant quality of the extract.
文摘Cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass)is commonly used in traditional folk medicine.The essential oil extracted from C.citratus has been reported as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.This study has been designed to explore the protective effect of C.citratus(lemon grass)against modified LDL(OxLDL and H2O2 LDL)induced cytotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC).The essential oil extracted from C.citratus(EOC)was subjected to FT-IR spectroscopic analysis for the identification of functional groups.In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out to assess the electron donating capability of EOC as compared with a known standard L-ascorbic acid.The cytoprotective effects of EOC were determined in PBMC induced with modified LDL.Spectra obtained from FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional groups in EOC such as H-bonded,O-H stretching,N-H stretching,aldehyde-C-H stretching,aldehyde/ketone-C=O stretching,-C=C-stretching,-CH_(3) bending,-C-H in plane bending.EOC has greater antioxidant property when compared with the standard L-ascorbic acid.EOC at all test concentrations demonstrated free radical scavenging activity and cytoprotective effect when challenged against modified LDL in PBMC.The above results show EOC as a promising antioxidant and cytoprotective agent.
文摘Objective:To investigate mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Adenanthera pavonina(A.pavonina) extracts.Methods:Rat peritoneal macrophages were treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and H_2O_2 in the presence and absence of kernel extract from A.pavonina.Nitric oxide,superoxide anion generation,cell viability and nuclear fragmentation were investigated.Results:The pre-treatment of kernel extract from A.pavonina suppressed nitric oxide,superoxide anion,cell death,nuclear fragmentation in lipopolysaccharide and H_2O_2stimulated or induced macrophages,respectively.Conclusions:These results suggest that A.pavonina extract suppresses the intra cellular peroxide production.
基金supported by Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)
文摘Objective:To analyze the eytoproteetive and antidiabetic activities as well as phytochemical composition of the immature inflorescence of Cocas nucifera belonging to the Arecaceae Family.Methods:The phytochemical screening of inflorescence was done to determine the major constituents present in Cocos nucifera inflorescence.The free radical scavenging potential of inflorescence extracts were evaluated using in vitro radical scavenging assay models.Results:The phytochemical analyses on inflorescence showed the presence of phenolic compounds,flavonoids.resins and alkaloids.The macronutrient analyses,on the other hand,showed the presence of carbohydrate,proteins and fibers.Administration of the methanol extract of coconut inflorescence to the diabetic rats showed dose dependent reduction in hyperglycemia.The cytoprotective property of coconut inflorescence was evidenced from the acute toxicological evaluation.The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in the diabetic rats treated with inflorescence when compared with the diabetic control rats.Conclusion:The results obtained from the present study apparently proved the non-toxic nature and the eytoproteetive and antihyperglycemic properties of coconut inflorescence.
文摘Salacia oblonga (Wall.) belonging to the family Celastraceae is an important medicinal plant available in India and Sri Lanka. It possesses an array of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In the present study phenolic compounds of S. oblonga methanolic extracts were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicating the presence of catechin, quercetin, synapic acid and syringic acid. The study involved evaluation of S. oblonga extracts for cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects on human lymphocytes. Aerial extracts have significant protective activity against hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) induced cytotoxic activity in comparison to the root extracts. The results relate the cytoprotective effect of S. oblonga due to the presence of poly phenols and other phytochemicals, as they have significant ability to remove free radicals or reactive species and might induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes inside the cells.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30472020 and 30672654)
文摘Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol saponins were isolated and idendified as JA―JI（named transitorily） by means of NMR spectrometry.After bio-activity screening on them,we defined that monomers tigogenin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→3）]-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JB） and hecogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JG） have cytoprotective bio-activity.Compound JB display effective dose in 10-8 and 10-9 mol/L,and JG in 10-6―10-9 mol/L.Survival rate,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and apoptosis also show that JB（at dose 10-8,10-9 and 10-10 mol/L） can protect myocardial injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R）.While morphology change also shows JG has cytoprotective bio-activity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31430067,31601475,31571876,and 31671807)the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2016YFD0401402)
文摘Soybeans are known as a promising source of bioactive peptides.However,knowledge on the antioxidant behaviors of soybean protein hydrolysate(SPH)in the human intestinal epithelium is limited.In this study,SPH was prepared with Alcalase and subsequently ultrafiltered into four peptide fractions as SPH-I(<3 kDa),SPH-II(3~5 k Da),SPH-III(5~10 k Da)and SPH-IV(>10 kDa).The antioxidant properties of SPH and membrane fractions were investigated using different chemical assays and their protective effects against oxidative stress were evaluated using H2 O2-stressed human intestinal Caco-2 cells.Results showed that SPH-I exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity(IC50=2.56 mg/m L)and reducing capacity while SPH-III had the best metal ion-chelating activity(IC50=0.29 mg/m L).Both SPH and the peptide fractions dose-dependently suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation induced by H2O2 in Caco-2 cells,but the strongest inhibitory effect was observed for SPH-I.Amino acid(AA)results revealed that SPH-I was rich in hydrophobic and antioxidant AAs,which could contribute to its stronger antioxidant properties.Additionally,SPH-I protected Caco-2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activities.These results suggest that SPH-I and constitutive peptides can be beneficial ingredients with antioxidant properties and protective effects against ROS-mediated intestinal injury.
基金Research in Dr.Gewirtz’s laboratory is supported by Grants#CA268819 and CA239706 from the National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health and Grant#W81XWH 19-1-0490 from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Breast Cancer Research Program.
文摘PARP inhibitors have proven to be effective in conjunction with conventional therapeutics in the treatment of various solid as well as hematologic malignancies,particularly when the tumors are deficient in DNA repair pathways.However,as the case with other chemotherapeutic agents,their effectiveness is often compromised by the development of resistance.PARP inhibitors have consistently been reported to promote autophagy,a process that maintains cellular homeostasis and acts as an energy source by the degradation and reutilization of damaged subcellular organelles and proteins.Autophagy can exhibit different functional properties,the most prominent being cytoprotective.In addition,both cytotoxic and non-protective functions forms have also been identified.In this review,we explore the available literature regarding the different roles of autophagy in response to clinically-used PARP inhibitors,highlighting the possibility of targeting autophagy as an adjuvant therapy to potentially increase the effectiveness of PARP inhibition and to overcome the development of resistance.
基金This study is financially supported by Chinese National Foundation of Natural Sciences (NO. 30572310)Hunan Provincial Foundation of Natural Sciences (No. 05JJ4008)
文摘Pleat shock protein 70 （HSP70） is a kind of non-specific cytoprotective protein, and its generation can be induced by acupuncture and moxibustion. In the present paper, the authors review the protective actions of HSP70 on the heart, gastric mucosa, liver, brain tissues, kidney, etc., and the relationship among acupuncture/moxibustion, heat shock protein and the cytoprotective actions. It is worth studying the cytoprotective effect of acupuncture and moxibustion by way of the resultant generation of HSP70 in the organism.
