AIM： To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis.METHODS： One hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis ...AIM： To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis.METHODS： One hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis （AP） in a 5-year period （1998-2002）. In a prospective design, demographic data, etiology, mean hospital admission time, clinical, radiological, biochemical findings, treatment modalities, mortality and morbidity were recorded. Endocrine insufficiency was investigated with oral glucose tolerance test. The relations between these parameters, scoring systems （Ranson, Imrie and APACHE Ⅱ） and patients＇ outcome were determined by using invariable tests and the receiver operating characteristics curve.RESULTS： One hundred patients were men and 99 were women; the mean age was 55 years. Biliary pancreatitis was the most common form, followed by idiopathic pancreatitis （53% and 26%, respectively）. Sixty-three patients had severe pancreatitis and 136 had mild disease. Respiratory rate 〉 20/min, pulse rate 〉 90min, increased C-reactive protein （CRP）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels, organ necrosis 〉 30% on computed tornography （CT） and leukocytosis were associated with severe disease. The rate of glucose intolerance, morbidity and mortality were 24.1%, 24.8% and 13.6%, respectively. CRP 〉 142 mg/L, BUN 〉 22 mg/dL, LDH 〉 667 U/L, base excess 〉 -5, CT severity index 〉 3 and APACHE score 〉 8 were related to morbidity and mortality.CONCLUSION： APACHE Ⅱ score, LDH, base excess and CT severity index have prognostic value and CRP is a reliable marker for predicting both mortality and morbidity.展开更多
This paper presents predictive models to determine spontaneous combustion liability of carbonaceous materials （coals and coal-shales） using statistical analysis. The intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion l...This paper presents predictive models to determine spontaneous combustion liability of carbonaceous materials （coals and coal-shales） using statistical analysis. The intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability index were determined by testing 14 coals and 14 coal-shales from Witbank coalfields, South Africa. The relationship between these intrinsic properties （obtained from proximate, ultimate and petrographic analysis） and spontaneous combustion liability indices （the Wits-Ehac Index and Wits-CT Index） were established. The influence of the intrinsic properties of coal-shales in relation to coal properties affecting spontaneous combustion has been established using a statistical method. The linear regression analysis indicates better linear relationships between some of the selected intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability index and thus, identifies the major intrinsic factors affecting their liability toward spontaneous combustion. It was found that a definite positive or negative correlation coefficient exists between the intrinsic factors and spontaneous combustion liability. A set of models to predict the spontaneous combustion liability was derived. The best significant correlation along with the most appropriate model as indicated by R-squared values, the coefficient of corre- lations and standard error was used to predict the incident of spontaneous combustion.展开更多
Coal and coal-shale both tend to undergo spontaneous combustion under favourable atmospheric conditions. The Wits-Ehac index has been developed in South Africa since the late 1980's to test the spontaneous combust...Coal and coal-shale both tend to undergo spontaneous combustion under favourable atmospheric conditions. The Wits-Ehac index has been developed in South Africa since the late 1980's to test the spontaneous combustion liability of coal. However, in some cases, the Wits-Ehac index fails to produce tangible results when testing coal-shales. To overcome this problem, a new apparatus has been developed to test carbonaceous materials such as coal and coal-shale under chemical reactions with oxygen and an index has been obtained. This index is called the Wits-CT index. The equipment emulates the influence of oxygen adsorption on carbonaceous material for a period of 24 h without a heating system.The Wits-CT index uses the total carbon content of the sample and the temperature variations obtained from the samples during reaction with oxygen to predict the spontaneous combustion liability. Eighteen samples have been analyzed using both indices and the results are in-line. It was found that coals and coal-shales with higher values of the Wits-CT index are more liable to spontaneous combustion.Further research on different coal-shales is underway in order to establish an extensive database for coal and coal-shales, together with known incidences of self-heating.展开更多
[目的]通过对骨性髋臼指数的研究,能够对发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)的不同病理类型做出客观的评价,并针对DDH的病理类型为选择合适的髋臼矫形术式提供理论依据。[方法]2003年6月～2005年4月对57例有...[目的]通过对骨性髋臼指数的研究,能够对发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)的不同病理类型做出客观的评价,并针对DDH的病理类型为选择合适的髋臼矫形术式提供理论依据。[方法]2003年6月～2005年4月对57例有记录资料的单侧髋关节进行了研究。年龄1岁6个月～6岁,平均3岁2个月;其中男15例,女42例;右髋37例,左髋20例。入选正常髋关节均符合统一的标准:(1)无髋部疼痛症状;(2)髋关节外展不受限;(3)Trendelenburg征阴性;(4)望远镜征阴性;(5)X线表现:①Shenton线连续性好;②股骨头位于Perkin方格内下象限;③髋臼指数小于22°。患儿仰卧,双下肢完全伸展,双足并拢,垂直于检查床。检查前确保无骨盆倾斜及膝关节、髋关节屈曲。扫描数据传输至3D工作站,使用表面遮盖显示法(shaded surface display,SSD),去除所有的软组织影及伪影,进行髋臼骨组织三维重建。以双侧髋臼"Y"型软骨中点o点连线为轴线,旋转骨盆从0(前侧髋臼缘)至90°(外上方髋臼缘)至180°(后侧髋臼缘),每旋转10°,得到一个截面,测量这个截面的髋臼指数并记录数据。[结果]0～180°反映的是过轴线水平面以上骨性髋臼的整体形态,其中髋臼前外侧缘(0～40°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:48.4°±7.82°,40.1°±15.41°,35.1°±15.44°,26.6°±10.07°,22.6°±6.66°;髋臼外上缘(50°～120°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:20.6°±5.57°,19.6°±5.45°,19.1°±5.23°,18.9°±6.82°,19.6°±6.33°,20.9°±8.21°,22.4°±9.64°,24.2°±11.35°;髋臼后外侧缘(130°～180°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:26.0°±12.70°,30.1°±15.68°,35.7°±16.78°,41.3°±15.93°,49.8°±14.74°,55.3°±10.07°。外上缘髋臼指数分布间距范围窄且曲线平滑,前外侧缘髋臼指数分布范围及后外侧缘髋臼指数分布间距范围较宽且曲线较倾斜。[结论]本研究介绍了一种对骨性髋臼形态�展开更多
文摘AIM： To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis.METHODS： One hundred and ninety-nine consecutive patients were admitted with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis （AP） in a 5-year period （1998-2002）. In a prospective design, demographic data, etiology, mean hospital admission time, clinical, radiological, biochemical findings, treatment modalities, mortality and morbidity were recorded. Endocrine insufficiency was investigated with oral glucose tolerance test. The relations between these parameters, scoring systems （Ranson, Imrie and APACHE Ⅱ） and patients＇ outcome were determined by using invariable tests and the receiver operating characteristics curve.RESULTS： One hundred patients were men and 99 were women; the mean age was 55 years. Biliary pancreatitis was the most common form, followed by idiopathic pancreatitis （53% and 26%, respectively）. Sixty-three patients had severe pancreatitis and 136 had mild disease. Respiratory rate 〉 20/min, pulse rate 〉 90min, increased C-reactive protein （CRP）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels, organ necrosis 〉 30% on computed tornography （CT） and leukocytosis were associated with severe disease. The rate of glucose intolerance, morbidity and mortality were 24.1%, 24.8% and 13.6%, respectively. CRP 〉 142 mg/L, BUN 〉 22 mg/dL, LDH 〉 667 U/L, base excess 〉 -5, CT severity index 〉 3 and APACHE score 〉 8 were related to morbidity and mortality.CONCLUSION： APACHE Ⅱ score, LDH, base excess and CT severity index have prognostic value and CRP is a reliable marker for predicting both mortality and morbidity.
文摘This paper presents predictive models to determine spontaneous combustion liability of carbonaceous materials （coals and coal-shales） using statistical analysis. The intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability index were determined by testing 14 coals and 14 coal-shales from Witbank coalfields, South Africa. The relationship between these intrinsic properties （obtained from proximate, ultimate and petrographic analysis） and spontaneous combustion liability indices （the Wits-Ehac Index and Wits-CT Index） were established. The influence of the intrinsic properties of coal-shales in relation to coal properties affecting spontaneous combustion has been established using a statistical method. The linear regression analysis indicates better linear relationships between some of the selected intrinsic properties and spontaneous combustion liability index and thus, identifies the major intrinsic factors affecting their liability toward spontaneous combustion. It was found that a definite positive or negative correlation coefficient exists between the intrinsic factors and spontaneous combustion liability. A set of models to predict the spontaneous combustion liability was derived. The best significant correlation along with the most appropriate model as indicated by R-squared values, the coefficient of corre- lations and standard error was used to predict the incident of spontaneous combustion.
基金conducted in the context of coal-shale spontaneous combustion in the eMalahleni coalfields, South Africa was financially sponsored by Coaltech
文摘Coal and coal-shale both tend to undergo spontaneous combustion under favourable atmospheric conditions. The Wits-Ehac index has been developed in South Africa since the late 1980's to test the spontaneous combustion liability of coal. However, in some cases, the Wits-Ehac index fails to produce tangible results when testing coal-shales. To overcome this problem, a new apparatus has been developed to test carbonaceous materials such as coal and coal-shale under chemical reactions with oxygen and an index has been obtained. This index is called the Wits-CT index. The equipment emulates the influence of oxygen adsorption on carbonaceous material for a period of 24 h without a heating system.The Wits-CT index uses the total carbon content of the sample and the temperature variations obtained from the samples during reaction with oxygen to predict the spontaneous combustion liability. Eighteen samples have been analyzed using both indices and the results are in-line. It was found that coals and coal-shales with higher values of the Wits-CT index are more liable to spontaneous combustion.Further research on different coal-shales is underway in order to establish an extensive database for coal and coal-shales, together with known incidences of self-heating.
文摘[目的]通过对骨性髋臼指数的研究,能够对发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)的不同病理类型做出客观的评价,并针对DDH的病理类型为选择合适的髋臼矫形术式提供理论依据。[方法]2003年6月～2005年4月对57例有记录资料的单侧髋关节进行了研究。年龄1岁6个月～6岁,平均3岁2个月;其中男15例,女42例;右髋37例,左髋20例。入选正常髋关节均符合统一的标准:(1)无髋部疼痛症状;(2)髋关节外展不受限;(3)Trendelenburg征阴性;(4)望远镜征阴性;(5)X线表现:①Shenton线连续性好;②股骨头位于Perkin方格内下象限;③髋臼指数小于22°。患儿仰卧,双下肢完全伸展,双足并拢,垂直于检查床。检查前确保无骨盆倾斜及膝关节、髋关节屈曲。扫描数据传输至3D工作站,使用表面遮盖显示法(shaded surface display,SSD),去除所有的软组织影及伪影,进行髋臼骨组织三维重建。以双侧髋臼"Y"型软骨中点o点连线为轴线,旋转骨盆从0(前侧髋臼缘)至90°(外上方髋臼缘)至180°(后侧髋臼缘),每旋转10°,得到一个截面,测量这个截面的髋臼指数并记录数据。[结果]0～180°反映的是过轴线水平面以上骨性髋臼的整体形态,其中髋臼前外侧缘(0～40°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:48.4°±7.82°,40.1°±15.41°,35.1°±15.44°,26.6°±10.07°,22.6°±6.66°;髋臼外上缘(50°～120°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:20.6°±5.57°,19.6°±5.45°,19.1°±5.23°,18.9°±6.82°,19.6°±6.33°,20.9°±8.21°,22.4°±9.64°,24.2°±11.35°;髋臼后外侧缘(130°～180°)的骨性髋臼指数95%参考值范围依次为:26.0°±12.70°,30.1°±15.68°,35.7°±16.78°,41.3°±15.93°,49.8°±14.74°,55.3°±10.07°。外上缘髋臼指数分布间距范围窄且曲线平滑,前外侧缘髋臼指数分布范围及后外侧缘髋臼指数分布间距范围较宽且曲线较倾斜。[结论]本研究介绍了一种对骨性髋臼形态�
