AIM: To evaluate the characters, risks and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) patients.METHODS: Altogether 80 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and CPH, in...AIM: To evaluate the characters, risks and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) patients.METHODS: Altogether 80 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and CPH, including 41 Child class A,32 Child class B and 7 Child class C, were randomly divided into open cholecystectomy (OC) group (38 patients) and LC group (42 patients). The cohorts were well-matched for number, age, sex, Child classification and types of disease.Data of the two groups were collected and analyzed.RESULTS: In LC group, LC was successfully performed in 36 cases, and 2 patients were converted to OC for difficulty in managing bleeding under laparoscope and dense adhesion of Calot's triangle. The rate of conversion was 5.3%. The surgical duration was 62.6±15.2 min. The operative blood loss was 75.5±15.5 mL. The time to resume diet was 18.3±6.5 h. Seven postoperative complications occurred in five patients (13.2%). All patients were dismissed after an average of 4.6±2.4 d. In OC group, the operation time was 60.5±17.5 min. The operative blood loss was 112.5±23.5 mL. The time to resume diet was 44.2±10.5 h.Fifteen postoperative complications occurred in 12patients (30.0%). All patients were dismissed after an average of 7.5±3.5 d. There was no significant difference in operation time between OC and LC group. But LC offered several advantages over OC, including fewer blood loss and lower postoperative complication rate, shorter time to resume diet and shorter length of hospitalization in patients with CPH.CONCLUSION: Though LC for patients with CPH is difficult, it is feasible, relatively safe, and superior to OC.It is important to know the technical characters of the operation, and pay more attention to the meticulous perioperative managements.展开更多
A simple efficient isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (CPH) and its commercially available oral solution products. Separation ...A simple efficient isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (CPH) and its commercially available oral solution products. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Zorbax (Luna) cyano column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a Phenomenex cyano guard cartridge (4 × 3.0 mm) on Agilent 1050 series HPLC system. CPH and its resolution standard lincomycin were eluted isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a simplified mobile phase (potassium phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 3.0)—acetonitrile—tetrahydrofuran (20:75:5, v/v/v)) and detected at 210 nm. The column was maintained at 25?C. The method was validated according to USP category I requirements. Robustness and forced degradation studies were also conducted. CPH marketed drug products were obtained from a drug distributor and assayed for potency using the validated method. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The analytical range for CPH was 15 - 500 μg/mL and the linearity was r2 > 0.999 over three days. The method was determined to be specific and robust. Both accuracy (92.0% - 103.8%) and precision (0.67% - 1.52%) were established across the analytical range for low, intermediate and high QC concentrations. Method applicability was demonstrated by analyzing two marketed products of CPH, in which results showed potency >98%. The method was determined to be an enhancement over the current USP methodology for assay as a result of increased efficiency, reduced organic solvents and the elimination of matrix modifiers. This method was successfully applied for the quality assessment of: 1) currently marketed drug products and 2) will in future assess the product quality of novel dosage forms of CPH for pediatric use.展开更多
This paper analyzes the requirements of multipoint multimedia services and the capability of IN CS-1/CS-2 to support multipoint services, and then presents a new E-CPH model supporting cooperative work and discusses t...This paper analyzes the requirements of multipoint multimedia services and the capability of IN CS-1/CS-2 to support multipoint services, and then presents a new E-CPH model supporting cooperative work and discusses the relations between this model and other CPH methods and the effects in consequence of IN architecture and service interaction. The basic theory of CPH methods such as LM, CC and their representations are also described.展开更多
As we all know,there are many factors affecting Second language acquisition,such as age,intelligence,environment,emotion and so on.Age is considered as one of the most important individual factors among all these.The ...As we all know,there are many factors affecting Second language acquisition,such as age,intelligence,environment,emotion and so on.Age is considered as one of the most important individual factors among all these.The researches about age arevery important to educational policy-making and curriculum-planning.It is believed that children always have superiority in sec-ond language acquisition when compared with adults.This is supported by Lenneberg's Critical Period Hypothesis.This papertalks about the relationship between age and second language acquisition and after which some teaching suggestion will be given.展开更多
By reviewing the literature, the author points out some theoretical defects of the CPH on which the policy was based. CPH is the conceptualization formulation of the maturational constraints for SLA. The paper, based ...By reviewing the literature, the author points out some theoretical defects of the CPH on which the policy was based. CPH is the conceptualization formulation of the maturational constraints for SLA. The paper, based on the reality of China, put forward some suggestion, which includes the time factor, the teacher’s factor and the content factor.展开更多
Second Language Acquisition （SLA） is influenced by many different factors. This paper attempts to discuss the age factor in SLA, particularly explores the learners＇ acquisition of accent. The author firstly introdu...Second Language Acquisition （SLA） is influenced by many different factors. This paper attempts to discuss the age factor in SLA, particularly explores the learners＇ acquisition of accent. The author firstly introduces the topic and reviews the literature on Critical Period Hypothesis （CPH）. Then, the optimal age to attain the native-like accent is discussed. Finally, the author describes some other elements that influence the acquisition of accent and draws a natural conclusion that the topic in this paper needs more profound research.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the characters, risks and benefits of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) patients.METHODS: Altogether 80 patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease and CPH, including 41 Child class A,32 Child class B and 7 Child class C, were randomly divided into open cholecystectomy (OC) group (38 patients) and LC group (42 patients). The cohorts were well-matched for number, age, sex, Child classification and types of disease.Data of the two groups were collected and analyzed.RESULTS: In LC group, LC was successfully performed in 36 cases, and 2 patients were converted to OC for difficulty in managing bleeding under laparoscope and dense adhesion of Calot's triangle. The rate of conversion was 5.3%. The surgical duration was 62.6±15.2 min. The operative blood loss was 75.5±15.5 mL. The time to resume diet was 18.3±6.5 h. Seven postoperative complications occurred in five patients (13.2%). All patients were dismissed after an average of 4.6±2.4 d. In OC group, the operation time was 60.5±17.5 min. The operative blood loss was 112.5±23.5 mL. The time to resume diet was 44.2±10.5 h.Fifteen postoperative complications occurred in 12patients (30.0%). All patients were dismissed after an average of 7.5±3.5 d. There was no significant difference in operation time between OC and LC group. But LC offered several advantages over OC, including fewer blood loss and lower postoperative complication rate, shorter time to resume diet and shorter length of hospitalization in patients with CPH.CONCLUSION: Though LC for patients with CPH is difficult, it is feasible, relatively safe, and superior to OC.It is important to know the technical characters of the operation, and pay more attention to the meticulous perioperative managements.
文摘A simple efficient isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride (CPH) and its commercially available oral solution products. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Zorbax (Luna) cyano column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a Phenomenex cyano guard cartridge (4 × 3.0 mm) on Agilent 1050 series HPLC system. CPH and its resolution standard lincomycin were eluted isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with a simplified mobile phase (potassium phosphate buffer (5 mM, pH 3.0)—acetonitrile—tetrahydrofuran (20:75:5, v/v/v)) and detected at 210 nm. The column was maintained at 25?C. The method was validated according to USP category I requirements. Robustness and forced degradation studies were also conducted. CPH marketed drug products were obtained from a drug distributor and assayed for potency using the validated method. Validation acceptance criteria were met in all cases. The analytical range for CPH was 15 - 500 μg/mL and the linearity was r2 > 0.999 over three days. The method was determined to be specific and robust. Both accuracy (92.0% - 103.8%) and precision (0.67% - 1.52%) were established across the analytical range for low, intermediate and high QC concentrations. Method applicability was demonstrated by analyzing two marketed products of CPH, in which results showed potency >98%. The method was determined to be an enhancement over the current USP methodology for assay as a result of increased efficiency, reduced organic solvents and the elimination of matrix modifiers. This method was successfully applied for the quality assessment of: 1) currently marketed drug products and 2) will in future assess the product quality of novel dosage forms of CPH for pediatric use.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Foundation of National Education CommissionThe High Technology Research and Development Programme of China
文摘This paper analyzes the requirements of multipoint multimedia services and the capability of IN CS-1/CS-2 to support multipoint services, and then presents a new E-CPH model supporting cooperative work and discusses the relations between this model and other CPH methods and the effects in consequence of IN architecture and service interaction. The basic theory of CPH methods such as LM, CC and their representations are also described.
文摘As we all know,there are many factors affecting Second language acquisition,such as age,intelligence,environment,emotion and so on.Age is considered as one of the most important individual factors among all these.The researches about age arevery important to educational policy-making and curriculum-planning.It is believed that children always have superiority in sec-ond language acquisition when compared with adults.This is supported by Lenneberg's Critical Period Hypothesis.This papertalks about the relationship between age and second language acquisition and after which some teaching suggestion will be given.
文摘By reviewing the literature, the author points out some theoretical defects of the CPH on which the policy was based. CPH is the conceptualization formulation of the maturational constraints for SLA. The paper, based on the reality of China, put forward some suggestion, which includes the time factor, the teacher’s factor and the content factor.
文摘Second Language Acquisition （SLA） is influenced by many different factors. This paper attempts to discuss the age factor in SLA, particularly explores the learners＇ acquisition of accent. The author firstly introduces the topic and reviews the literature on Critical Period Hypothesis （CPH）. Then, the optimal age to attain the native-like accent is discussed. Finally, the author describes some other elements that influence the acquisition of accent and draws a natural conclusion that the topic in this paper needs more profound research.
