Magna Carta was introduced into China around the mid-19th century under the context that learning from the West was then a trend for Chinese politicians and the academia to modernize China. The English constitutionali...Magna Carta was introduced into China around the mid-19th century under the context that learning from the West was then a trend for Chinese politicians and the academia to modernize China. The English constitutionalism originating from Magna Carta was considered as one of the models for China to reference. Even though the constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty failed to establish the constitutionalism in China, the strive for rule of law and democracy in China was never disrupted from then on. In the first century of Magna Carta＇s introduction into China, the academia used the ideas of constitutional rights, the rule of law embedded in Magna Carta to influence constitutionality in China, especially to push forward the protection of human rights and democracy. Even though the constitutionalism was not finally established in the Republic of China, the research on Magna Carta inspired the idea of constitutionalism in China. In addition, the Chinese academia realized that what China should learn was the spirit of Magna Carta, and that the construction of Chinese constitutionalism shall be based on the context of Chinese history and culture.展开更多
For a relatively long period Confucianism and constitutionalism are of time, it has been widely thought that incompatible, even antithetic. This view is a prominent feature of Chinese thought from the New Cultural Mov...For a relatively long period Confucianism and constitutionalism are of time, it has been widely thought that incompatible, even antithetic. This view is a prominent feature of Chinese thought from the New Cultural Movement of the early 20th century to the ＂Asian Values＂ debates of recent decades. Even today, it still holds some currency among many intellectuals, both within and outside China. However, in recent years some intellectuals are breaking with this dominant view by exploring the constitutional resources within Confucianism and challenging previous conceptual frameworks. As we shall see, we can identify three main approaches to the issue of Confucian Constitutionalism in contemporary academia, namely, the institutional approach, the ritualistic approach, and the religious approach. This article will seek to review the respective contents of each approach to Confucian constitutionalism and discuss their main problems as well as examine the prospects of establishing a traditional Confucian/Chinese constitutionalism.展开更多
This paper presents a case study of reverse engineering closely-spaced free-form shapes. The raw point cloud data captured from a body scanner was processed to filter most noise and redundancy. They were used to gener...This paper presents a case study of reverse engineering closely-spaced free-form shapes. The raw point cloud data captured from a body scanner was processed to filter most noise and redundancy. They were used to generate meshes through triangulation of points. Upon removal of inconsistencies resulted from residual noise, the clean-up meshes were then used to reconstruct the free-form surfaces that represented a fabric layer and a human body surface. The solid produced between these two surfaces is the fabric-over-body model. It helped generate a FEA (finite-element analysis) mesh with quality checks, such as distortion and stretch, were performed for all the meshed tetrahedral elements. The purpose is to prepare a FEA-ready model for future CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis.展开更多
Purpose: This paper relates the definition of data quality procedures for knowledge organizations such as Higher Education Institutions. The main purpose is to present the flexible approach developed for monitoring th...Purpose: This paper relates the definition of data quality procedures for knowledge organizations such as Higher Education Institutions. The main purpose is to present the flexible approach developed for monitoring the data quality of the European Tertiary Education Register(ETER) database, illustrating its functioning and highlighting the main challenges that still have to be faced in this domain.Design/methodology/approach: The proposed data quality methodology is based on two kinds of checks, one to assess the consistency of cross-sectional data and the other to evaluate the stability of multiannual data. This methodology has an operational and empirical orientation. This means that the proposed checks do not assume any theoretical distribution for the determination of the threshold parameters that identify potential outliers, inconsistencies, and errors in the data. Findings: We show that the proposed cross-sectional checks and multiannual checks are helpful to identify outliers, extreme observations and to detect ontological inconsistencies not described in the available meta-data. For this reason, they may be a useful complement to integrate the processing of the available information.Research limitations: The coverage of the study is limited to European Higher Education Institutions. The cross-sectional and multiannual checks are not yet completely integrated.Practical implications: The consideration of the quality of the available data and information is important to enhance data quality-aware empirical investigations, highlighting problems, and areas where to invest for improving the coverage and interoperability of data in future data collection initiatives.Originality/value: The data-driven quality checks proposed in this paper may be useful as a reference for building and monitoring the data quality of new databases or of existing databases available for other countries or systems characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity of the units of analysis without relying on pre-specified theoretical d展开更多
The United States is the first bourgeois republic nation.The history of its political system dates back to 400 years ago.In the history of the American Continent,'The May Flower Treaty' for the first time wrot...The United States is the first bourgeois republic nation.The history of its political system dates back to 400 years ago.In the history of the American Continent,'The May Flower Treaty' for the first time wrote the democratic thoughts on the paper.And the Virginia Congress was the earliest found congress,which made the Congress a basic political system in the colonies.The Independent Declaration passed on July 4th,1776 established the basic system in the colonies.In 1787 when 'The Constitution of United States' was made and passed,the political system centered on 'checks and balances' was finally confirmed.Since that time,the American politicians have been boasting their most 'advanced' and 'perfect' political system all over the world and trying to promote it all over the world.In fact,more than half of the countries in the world really applied the American political system in their bourgeois revolution.However,the financial crisis originated in USA in 2008 strongly questioned the effectiveness of American political system.The USA government's performance in the crisis was widely criticized by other countries.This dissertation will analyze the problems exposed in the execution of the American political system centered on 'checks and balances'.The writer will exam the problems shown in this time's financial crisis and pay attention to the problems of the two-party system,the electoral system,etc.The writer hopes that the dissertation can give some lights and create a new view.展开更多
Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau'...Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's thought.Yet the connections are many,and deep.This essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to him.The aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to deny.Primarily,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.展开更多
The coronavirus outbreak is the most notable world crisis since the SecondWorldWar.The pandemic that originated from Wuhan,China in late 2019 has affected all the nations of the world and triggered a global economic c...The coronavirus outbreak is the most notable world crisis since the SecondWorldWar.The pandemic that originated from Wuhan,China in late 2019 has affected all the nations of the world and triggered a global economic crisis whose impact will be felt for years to come.This necessitates the need to monitor and predict COVID-19 prevalence for adequate control.The linear regression models are prominent tools in predicting the impact of certain factors on COVID-19 outbreak and taking the necessary measures to respond to this crisis.The data was extracted from the NCDC website and spanned from March 31,2020 to May 29,2020.In this study,we adopted the ordinary least squares estimator to measure the impact of travelling history and contacts on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria and made a prediction.The model was conducted before and after travel restriction was enforced by the Federal government of Nigeria.The fitted model fitted well to the dataset and was free of any violation based on the diagnostic checks conducted.The results show that the government made a right decision in enforcing travelling restriction because we observed that travelling history and contacts made increases the chances of people being infected with COVID-19 by 85%and 88%respectively.This prediction of COVID-19 shows that the government should ensure that most travelling agency should have better precautions and preparations in place before re-opening.展开更多
文摘Magna Carta was introduced into China around the mid-19th century under the context that learning from the West was then a trend for Chinese politicians and the academia to modernize China. The English constitutionalism originating from Magna Carta was considered as one of the models for China to reference. Even though the constitutional reform in the late Qing Dynasty failed to establish the constitutionalism in China, the strive for rule of law and democracy in China was never disrupted from then on. In the first century of Magna Carta＇s introduction into China, the academia used the ideas of constitutional rights, the rule of law embedded in Magna Carta to influence constitutionality in China, especially to push forward the protection of human rights and democracy. Even though the constitutionalism was not finally established in the Republic of China, the research on Magna Carta inspired the idea of constitutionalism in China. In addition, the Chinese academia realized that what China should learn was the spirit of Magna Carta, and that the construction of Chinese constitutionalism shall be based on the context of Chinese history and culture.
文摘For a relatively long period Confucianism and constitutionalism are of time, it has been widely thought that incompatible, even antithetic. This view is a prominent feature of Chinese thought from the New Cultural Movement of the early 20th century to the ＂Asian Values＂ debates of recent decades. Even today, it still holds some currency among many intellectuals, both within and outside China. However, in recent years some intellectuals are breaking with this dominant view by exploring the constitutional resources within Confucianism and challenging previous conceptual frameworks. As we shall see, we can identify three main approaches to the issue of Confucian Constitutionalism in contemporary academia, namely, the institutional approach, the ritualistic approach, and the religious approach. This article will seek to review the respective contents of each approach to Confucian constitutionalism and discuss their main problems as well as examine the prospects of establishing a traditional Confucian/Chinese constitutionalism.
文摘This paper presents a case study of reverse engineering closely-spaced free-form shapes. The raw point cloud data captured from a body scanner was processed to filter most noise and redundancy. They were used to generate meshes through triangulation of points. Upon removal of inconsistencies resulted from residual noise, the clean-up meshes were then used to reconstruct the free-form surfaces that represented a fabric layer and a human body surface. The solid produced between these two surfaces is the fabric-over-body model. It helped generate a FEA (finite-element analysis) mesh with quality checks, such as distortion and stretch, were performed for all the meshed tetrahedral elements. The purpose is to prepare a FEA-ready model for future CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis.
基金support of the European Commission ETER Project (No. 934533-2017-AO8-CH)H2020 RISIS 2 project (No. 824091)。
文摘Purpose: This paper relates the definition of data quality procedures for knowledge organizations such as Higher Education Institutions. The main purpose is to present the flexible approach developed for monitoring the data quality of the European Tertiary Education Register(ETER) database, illustrating its functioning and highlighting the main challenges that still have to be faced in this domain.Design/methodology/approach: The proposed data quality methodology is based on two kinds of checks, one to assess the consistency of cross-sectional data and the other to evaluate the stability of multiannual data. This methodology has an operational and empirical orientation. This means that the proposed checks do not assume any theoretical distribution for the determination of the threshold parameters that identify potential outliers, inconsistencies, and errors in the data. Findings: We show that the proposed cross-sectional checks and multiannual checks are helpful to identify outliers, extreme observations and to detect ontological inconsistencies not described in the available meta-data. For this reason, they may be a useful complement to integrate the processing of the available information.Research limitations: The coverage of the study is limited to European Higher Education Institutions. The cross-sectional and multiannual checks are not yet completely integrated.Practical implications: The consideration of the quality of the available data and information is important to enhance data quality-aware empirical investigations, highlighting problems, and areas where to invest for improving the coverage and interoperability of data in future data collection initiatives.Originality/value: The data-driven quality checks proposed in this paper may be useful as a reference for building and monitoring the data quality of new databases or of existing databases available for other countries or systems characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity of the units of analysis without relying on pre-specified theoretical d
文摘The United States is the first bourgeois republic nation.The history of its political system dates back to 400 years ago.In the history of the American Continent,'The May Flower Treaty' for the first time wrote the democratic thoughts on the paper.And the Virginia Congress was the earliest found congress,which made the Congress a basic political system in the colonies.The Independent Declaration passed on July 4th,1776 established the basic system in the colonies.In 1787 when 'The Constitution of United States' was made and passed,the political system centered on 'checks and balances' was finally confirmed.Since that time,the American politicians have been boasting their most 'advanced' and 'perfect' political system all over the world and trying to promote it all over the world.In fact,more than half of the countries in the world really applied the American political system in their bourgeois revolution.However,the financial crisis originated in USA in 2008 strongly questioned the effectiveness of American political system.The USA government's performance in the crisis was widely criticized by other countries.This dissertation will analyze the problems exposed in the execution of the American political system centered on 'checks and balances'.The writer will exam the problems shown in this time's financial crisis and pay attention to the problems of the two-party system,the electoral system,etc.The writer hopes that the dissertation can give some lights and create a new view.
文摘Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's thought.Yet the connections are many,and deep.This essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to him.The aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to deny.Primarily,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.
文摘The coronavirus outbreak is the most notable world crisis since the SecondWorldWar.The pandemic that originated from Wuhan,China in late 2019 has affected all the nations of the world and triggered a global economic crisis whose impact will be felt for years to come.This necessitates the need to monitor and predict COVID-19 prevalence for adequate control.The linear regression models are prominent tools in predicting the impact of certain factors on COVID-19 outbreak and taking the necessary measures to respond to this crisis.The data was extracted from the NCDC website and spanned from March 31,2020 to May 29,2020.In this study,we adopted the ordinary least squares estimator to measure the impact of travelling history and contacts on the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria and made a prediction.The model was conducted before and after travel restriction was enforced by the Federal government of Nigeria.The fitted model fitted well to the dataset and was free of any violation based on the diagnostic checks conducted.The results show that the government made a right decision in enforcing travelling restriction because we observed that travelling history and contacts made increases the chances of people being infected with COVID-19 by 85%and 88%respectively.This prediction of COVID-19 shows that the government should ensure that most travelling agency should have better precautions and preparations in place before re-opening.
