在民机客舱核心管理系统(Cabin Core Management System,CCMS)网络拓扑设计中,为实现更高的可靠性和实时性通信,采用基于以太网的菊花链方式将客舱核心管理单元、乘客服务控制单元(Passenger Service Control Unit,PSCU)和区域音频单元(...在民机客舱核心管理系统(Cabin Core Management System,CCMS)网络拓扑设计中,为实现更高的可靠性和实时性通信,采用基于以太网的菊花链方式将客舱核心管理单元、乘客服务控制单元(Passenger Service Control Unit,PSCU)和区域音频单元(Zone Audio Unit,ZAU)进行连接,形成了二级环形网络。针对环形网络拓扑中会存在广播风暴等问题,分别探索使用生成树协议(Spanning Tree Protocol,STP)和以太网控制自动化技术(Ethernet Control Automation Technology,EtherCAT)方案下的网络通信情况。在仿真阶段,使用OPNET设计了民机CCMS二级环形网络仿真模型,测试了PSCU和ZAU在这2种方案下的部分业务性能指标。将2种方案对比分析,验证了二级环形网络应用在民机CCMS中的通信可靠性和实时性。展开更多
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated pCO2 on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration and inorganic carbon acquisition in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. To accomplish this, D. ...The present study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated pCO2 on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration and inorganic carbon acquisition in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. To accomplish this, D. salina was incubated in semi-continuous cultures under present-day CO2 levels （390 μatm, PHNBs： 8.10）, predicted year 2100 CO2 levels （1000 μatm, pHNBs： 7.78） and predicted year 2300 CO2 levels （2 000μatm, PHNBS： 7.49）. Elevated pCO2 significantly enhanced photosynthesis （in terms of gross photosynthetic O2 evolution, effective quantum yield （△F/F＇m）, photosynthetic efficiency （a）, maximum relative electron transport rate （rETRmax） and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase （Rubiseo） activity） and dark respiration olD. salina, but had insignificant effects on growth. The photosynthetic 02 evolution olD. salina was significantly inhibited by the inhibitors acetazolamide （△Z）, ethoxyzolamide （EZ） and 4,4＇-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2＇-disulfonate （DIDS）, indicating that D. salina is capable of acquiring HCO3 via extracellular carbonic anhydrase and anion-exchange proteins. Furthermore, the lower inhibition of the photosynthetic O2 evolution at high pCO2 levels by AZ, EZ and DIDS and the decreased carbonic anhydrase showed that carbon concentrating mechanisms were down-regulated at high pCO2. In conclusion, our results show that photosynthesis, dark respiration and CCMs will be affected by the increased pCO2/low pH conditions predicted for the future, but that the responses olD. salina to high pCO2/low pH might be modulated by other environmental factors such as light, nutrients and temperature. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the interactive effects ofpCO2, temperature, light and nutrients on marine microalgae.展开更多
目前沿海在建CPR1000项目,红沿河、宁德、阳江等"二代加"百万千瓦级先进压水堆,采用了MELTAC-N plus R3数字化控制系统,运用该平台实现堆芯冷却监测系统功能。本文具体分析了堆芯冷却监测系统的整体架构,及详细分析了事故后...目前沿海在建CPR1000项目,红沿河、宁德、阳江等"二代加"百万千瓦级先进压水堆,采用了MELTAC-N plus R3数字化控制系统,运用该平台实现堆芯冷却监测系统功能。本文具体分析了堆芯冷却监测系统的整体架构,及详细分析了事故后重要监测参数—堆芯饱和裕度和压力容器液位计算的过程,对于想深入了解CCMS功能实现的工程技术及运行维修人员具有一定的指导作用。展开更多
文摘在民机客舱核心管理系统(Cabin Core Management System,CCMS)网络拓扑设计中,为实现更高的可靠性和实时性通信,采用基于以太网的菊花链方式将客舱核心管理单元、乘客服务控制单元(Passenger Service Control Unit,PSCU)和区域音频单元(Zone Audio Unit,ZAU)进行连接,形成了二级环形网络。针对环形网络拓扑中会存在广播风暴等问题,分别探索使用生成树协议(Spanning Tree Protocol,STP)和以太网控制自动化技术(Ethernet Control Automation Technology,EtherCAT)方案下的网络通信情况。在仿真阶段,使用OPNET设计了民机CCMS二级环形网络仿真模型,测试了PSCU和ZAU在这2种方案下的部分业务性能指标。将2种方案对比分析,验证了二级环形网络应用在民机CCMS中的通信可靠性和实时性。
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Marine Science Research Center of the People’s Government of Shandong Province(No.U1406403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41476091)
文摘The present study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated pCO2 on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration and inorganic carbon acquisition in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina. To accomplish this, D. salina was incubated in semi-continuous cultures under present-day CO2 levels （390 μatm, PHNBs： 8.10）, predicted year 2100 CO2 levels （1000 μatm, pHNBs： 7.78） and predicted year 2300 CO2 levels （2 000μatm, PHNBS： 7.49）. Elevated pCO2 significantly enhanced photosynthesis （in terms of gross photosynthetic O2 evolution, effective quantum yield （△F/F＇m）, photosynthetic efficiency （a）, maximum relative electron transport rate （rETRmax） and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase （Rubiseo） activity） and dark respiration olD. salina, but had insignificant effects on growth. The photosynthetic 02 evolution olD. salina was significantly inhibited by the inhibitors acetazolamide （△Z）, ethoxyzolamide （EZ） and 4,4＇-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2＇-disulfonate （DIDS）, indicating that D. salina is capable of acquiring HCO3 via extracellular carbonic anhydrase and anion-exchange proteins. Furthermore, the lower inhibition of the photosynthetic O2 evolution at high pCO2 levels by AZ, EZ and DIDS and the decreased carbonic anhydrase showed that carbon concentrating mechanisms were down-regulated at high pCO2. In conclusion, our results show that photosynthesis, dark respiration and CCMs will be affected by the increased pCO2/low pH conditions predicted for the future, but that the responses olD. salina to high pCO2/low pH might be modulated by other environmental factors such as light, nutrients and temperature. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the interactive effects ofpCO2, temperature, light and nutrients on marine microalgae.
文摘目前沿海在建CPR1000项目,红沿河、宁德、阳江等"二代加"百万千瓦级先进压水堆,采用了MELTAC-N plus R3数字化控制系统,运用该平台实现堆芯冷却监测系统功能。本文具体分析了堆芯冷却监测系统的整体架构,及详细分析了事故后重要监测参数—堆芯饱和裕度和压力容器液位计算的过程,对于想深入了解CCMS功能实现的工程技术及运行维修人员具有一定的指导作用。
