Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeox...Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Results from immunofluorescent co-localization experiments showed that both caspase-12 protein and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation levels significantly in- creased, which was associated with retinal ganglion cell death in diabetic retinas. The C/ERB ho- mologous protein pathway directly contributed to glial reactivity, and was subsequently responsible for neuronal loss and vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Our experimental findings in- dicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal neu- ronal loss and vascular abnormalities, and that inhibiting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway provides effective protection against diabetic retinopathy.展开更多
Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristic...Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristics of invasive breast cancer.Methods Tissue specimens and clinical pathological data of 51 cases of female breast cancer were collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region(Shenyang, China) from January 2007 to October 2011. Another 20 breast fibroadenoma tissue samples were used as controls. All specimens were cut into 4-μm slices, and immunohistochemically stained using streptomycin-resistant avidin peroxidase antibody D2-40. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used to perform all analyses.Results A total of 38 breast cancer tissue specimens showed varied staining with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The rate of positive staining was in these tissues was 74.5%(38/51), which is significantly higher than that observed in breast fibroadenoma tissues(chi-square = 35.197, P = 0.000). The average LMVD in 38 cases of breast cancer was(26.46 ± 10.06) microvessels/100× magnification field, which was higher than that in the control group(t = 10.74, P = 0.000). Microvessels in peritumoral tissues were abundant, with an average LMVD of(38.42 ± 11.38) microvessels/100× magnification field. Based on layered analysis, the expression level of peritumoral LMVD was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, tumor size, and the expression of C-erb B-2(P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation with age or expression of estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors(P > 0.05).Conclusion Lymphatic microvessels detected using D2-40 antibody are mainly present in the peritumoral region of breast cancer tissues, and LMVD showed a correlation with lymph node metastasis and the expression of C-erb B-2. Positive lymphatic vessels, especially in the peritumoral region, may provide a path for lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Peritumoral LMVD may be used to estimate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and may展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81170877the National Basic Research Program of China,No.2007CB512203
文摘Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely involved in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model was given an intraperitoneal injection of tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Results from immunofluorescent co-localization experiments showed that both caspase-12 protein and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation levels significantly in- creased, which was associated with retinal ganglion cell death in diabetic retinas. The C/ERB ho- mologous protein pathway directly contributed to glial reactivity, and was subsequently responsible for neuronal loss and vascular abnormalities in diabetic retinopathy. Our experimental findings in- dicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal neu- ronal loss and vascular abnormalities, and that inhibiting the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway provides effective protection against diabetic retinopathy.
文摘Objective The aim of the study was to determine the morphological characteristics of lymphatic microvessels and the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density(LMVD) and clinical and pathological characteristics of invasive breast cancer.Methods Tissue specimens and clinical pathological data of 51 cases of female breast cancer were collected in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region(Shenyang, China) from January 2007 to October 2011. Another 20 breast fibroadenoma tissue samples were used as controls. All specimens were cut into 4-μm slices, and immunohistochemically stained using streptomycin-resistant avidin peroxidase antibody D2-40. SPSS 17.0 for Windows was used to perform all analyses.Results A total of 38 breast cancer tissue specimens showed varied staining with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The rate of positive staining was in these tissues was 74.5%(38/51), which is significantly higher than that observed in breast fibroadenoma tissues(chi-square = 35.197, P = 0.000). The average LMVD in 38 cases of breast cancer was(26.46 ± 10.06) microvessels/100× magnification field, which was higher than that in the control group(t = 10.74, P = 0.000). Microvessels in peritumoral tissues were abundant, with an average LMVD of(38.42 ± 11.38) microvessels/100× magnification field. Based on layered analysis, the expression level of peritumoral LMVD was correlated with metastasis of lymph nodes, tumor size, and the expression of C-erb B-2(P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation with age or expression of estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors(P > 0.05).Conclusion Lymphatic microvessels detected using D2-40 antibody are mainly present in the peritumoral region of breast cancer tissues, and LMVD showed a correlation with lymph node metastasis and the expression of C-erb B-2. Positive lymphatic vessels, especially in the peritumoral region, may provide a path for lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer. Peritumoral LMVD may be used to estimate the prognosis of patients with breast cancer and may
