该文提出一种使用S波段多普勒天气雷达回波三维特征和反射率因子垂直廓线(vertical profile of reflectivity,VPR)来自动识别零度层亮带的方法(简称3DVPR-BBID),并利用2003年6月22日—7月11日和2007年7月合肥雷达资料、2008年6月广州雷...该文提出一种使用S波段多普勒天气雷达回波三维特征和反射率因子垂直廓线(vertical profile of reflectivity,VPR)来自动识别零度层亮带的方法(简称3DVPR-BBID),并利用2003年6月22日—7月11日和2007年7月合肥雷达资料、2008年6月广州雷达资料以及相应的探空资料,同仅使用VPR识别零度层亮带的方法(简称VPR-BBID)进行比较。结果表明:VPR-BBID和3DVPR-BBID在大部分情况下能够有效识别零度层亮带的存在,而且3DVPR-BBID能够减少VPR-BBID产生的误识别。在同探空资料观测的零度层高度的比较中,两种方法确定的零度层高度同实况比较接近,进一步分析表明:3DVPR-BBID确定的零度层高度比VPR-BBID确定的更接近观测值。展开更多
Data collected using the micro rain radar(MRR) situated in Jinan city, eastern China, were used to explore the altitudinal and temporal evolution of rainfall microphysical characteristics, and to analyze the bright ba...Data collected using the micro rain radar(MRR) situated in Jinan city, eastern China, were used to explore the altitudinal and temporal evolution of rainfall microphysical characteristics, and to analyze the bright band(BB) characteristics and hydrometeor classification. Specifically, a low-intensity and stable stratiform precipitation event that occurred from 0000 to0550 UTC 15 February 2015 and featured a BB was studied. During this event, the rainfall intensity was less than 2 mm h-1 at a height of 300 m, which was above the radar site level, so the errors caused by the vertical air motion could be ignored.The freezing height from the radiosonde matched well with the top of the BB observed by the MRR. It was also found that the number of 0.5–1 mm diameter drops showed no noticeable variation below the BB. The maximum fall velocity and the maximum gradient fall velocity(GFV) of the raindrops appeared at the bottom of the BB. Meanwhile, a method that uses the GFV and reflectivity to identify the altitude and the thickness of the BB was established, with which the MRR can provide a reliable and real-time estimation of the 0?C isotherm. The droplet fall velocity was used to classify the types of snow crystals above the BB. In the first 20 min of the selected precipitation event, graupel prevailed above the BB; and at an altitude of2000 m, graupel also dominated in the first 250 min. After 150 min, the existence of graupel and dendritic crystals with water droplets above the BB was inferred.展开更多
层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类...层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分。将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差ERMS、平均绝对误差ERMA、平均相对误差BRM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468)。结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高。展开更多
The bright band, a layer of enhanced radar reflectivity associated with melting ice particles, is a major source of signifi- cant overestimation in quantitative precipitation estimation （QPE） based on the Z-R （refl...The bright band, a layer of enhanced radar reflectivity associated with melting ice particles, is a major source of signifi- cant overestimation in quantitative precipitation estimation （QPE） based on the Z-R （reflectivity factor-rain rate） relationship. The effects of the bright band on radar-based QPE can be eliminated by vertical profile of reflectivity （VPR） correction. In this study, we applied bright-band correction algorithms to evaluate three different bands （S-, C- and X-band） of dual-polarized radars and to reduce overestimation errors in Z-R relationship-based QPEs. After the reflectivity was corrected by the algo- rithms using average VPR （AVPR） alone and a combination of average VPR and the vertical profile of the copolar correlation coefficient （AVPR＋CC）, the QPEs were derived. The bright-band correction and resulting QPEs were evaluated in eight precipitation events by comparing to the uncorrected reflectivity and rain-gange observations, separately. The overestimation of Z-R relationship-based QPEs associated with the bright band was reduced after correction by the two schemes for which hourly rainfall was less than 5 mm. For the verification metrics of RMSE （root-mean-square error）, RMAE （relative mean absolute error） and RMB （relative mean bias） of QPEs, averaged over all eight cases, the AVPR method improved from 2.28, 0.94 and 0.78 to 1.55, 0.60 and 0.40, respectively, while the AVPR＋CC method improved to 1.44, 0.55 and 0.30, respectively. The QPEs after AVPR＋CC correction had less overestimation than those after AVPR correction, and similar conclusions were drawn for all three different bands of dual-polarized radars.展开更多
文摘该文提出一种使用S波段多普勒天气雷达回波三维特征和反射率因子垂直廓线(vertical profile of reflectivity,VPR)来自动识别零度层亮带的方法(简称3DVPR-BBID),并利用2003年6月22日—7月11日和2007年7月合肥雷达资料、2008年6月广州雷达资料以及相应的探空资料,同仅使用VPR识别零度层亮带的方法(简称VPR-BBID)进行比较。结果表明:VPR-BBID和3DVPR-BBID在大部分情况下能够有效识别零度层亮带的存在,而且3DVPR-BBID能够减少VPR-BBID产生的误识别。在同探空资料观测的零度层高度的比较中,两种方法确定的零度层高度同实况比较接近,进一步分析表明:3DVPR-BBID确定的零度层高度比VPR-BBID确定的更接近观测值。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41475028 and 41530427)
文摘Data collected using the micro rain radar(MRR) situated in Jinan city, eastern China, were used to explore the altitudinal and temporal evolution of rainfall microphysical characteristics, and to analyze the bright band(BB) characteristics and hydrometeor classification. Specifically, a low-intensity and stable stratiform precipitation event that occurred from 0000 to0550 UTC 15 February 2015 and featured a BB was studied. During this event, the rainfall intensity was less than 2 mm h-1 at a height of 300 m, which was above the radar site level, so the errors caused by the vertical air motion could be ignored.The freezing height from the radiosonde matched well with the top of the BB observed by the MRR. It was also found that the number of 0.5–1 mm diameter drops showed no noticeable variation below the BB. The maximum fall velocity and the maximum gradient fall velocity(GFV) of the raindrops appeared at the bottom of the BB. Meanwhile, a method that uses the GFV and reflectivity to identify the altitude and the thickness of the BB was established, with which the MRR can provide a reliable and real-time estimation of the 0?C isotherm. The droplet fall velocity was used to classify the types of snow crystals above the BB. In the first 20 min of the selected precipitation event, graupel prevailed above the BB; and at an altitude of2000 m, graupel also dominated in the first 250 min. After 150 min, the existence of graupel and dendritic crystals with water droplets above the BB was inferred.
文摘层状云降水中,0℃层融化效应会引起雷达反射率因子局部增大,若不进行订正,则会高估雷达估测的降水。本文提出一种基于新一代天气雷达反射率因子垂直廓线的0℃层亮带自动识别与订正算法,以减小因亮带造成的降水高估。本研究首先对降水类型进行分类,在SHY95的基础上增加了垂直方向的反射率因子三维特征,避免亮带的反射率因子高值区被误识别为对流云区;其次,在层状云区识别出一个可能的亮带影响区,在其中查找亮带,采用旋转坐标系法精确的识别亮带的顶、底高度;最后,利用最小二乘法拟合亮带上、下层的斜率,平滑垂直廓线(VPR,Vertical Profile of Reflectivity)的显著突出部分。将该方法应用于北京地区2010—2011年10次包含亮带的降水过程,得到的亮带订正后的均方根误差ERMS、平均绝对误差ERMA、平均相对误差BRM值较初值均有显著减小(分别减小1.538 mm,0.417和0.468)。结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别与订正亮带,使得定量测量降水精度有所提高。
基金funded by a China National 973 Program on Key Basic Research project (Grant No.2014CB441401)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.8141002)the Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) of China (Grant No.GYHY201106046)
文摘The bright band, a layer of enhanced radar reflectivity associated with melting ice particles, is a major source of signifi- cant overestimation in quantitative precipitation estimation （QPE） based on the Z-R （reflectivity factor-rain rate） relationship. The effects of the bright band on radar-based QPE can be eliminated by vertical profile of reflectivity （VPR） correction. In this study, we applied bright-band correction algorithms to evaluate three different bands （S-, C- and X-band） of dual-polarized radars and to reduce overestimation errors in Z-R relationship-based QPEs. After the reflectivity was corrected by the algo- rithms using average VPR （AVPR） alone and a combination of average VPR and the vertical profile of the copolar correlation coefficient （AVPR＋CC）, the QPEs were derived. The bright-band correction and resulting QPEs were evaluated in eight precipitation events by comparing to the uncorrected reflectivity and rain-gange observations, separately. The overestimation of Z-R relationship-based QPEs associated with the bright band was reduced after correction by the two schemes for which hourly rainfall was less than 5 mm. For the verification metrics of RMSE （root-mean-square error）, RMAE （relative mean absolute error） and RMB （relative mean bias） of QPEs, averaged over all eight cases, the AVPR method improved from 2.28, 0.94 and 0.78 to 1.55, 0.60 and 0.40, respectively, while the AVPR＋CC method improved to 1.44, 0.55 and 0.30, respectively. The QPEs after AVPR＋CC correction had less overestimation than those after AVPR correction, and similar conclusions were drawn for all three different bands of dual-polarized radars.
