Perineal trauma following childbirth affects over two-thirds of women in low and medium-income countries (LMICs) birthing in health facilities. Although it is an unfavourable outcome with the potential to affect many ...Perineal trauma following childbirth affects over two-thirds of women in low and medium-income countries (LMICs) birthing in health facilities. Although it is an unfavourable outcome with the potential to affect many aspects of a woman’s well-being in both the immediate and long-term, it is still a neglected phenomenon of women’s health, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries like Zambia. This study sought to understand the impact of birth perineal trauma on postnatal women at Ndola Teaching Hospital (NTH). This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative design using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Fifteen women who had birthed at NTH and sustained birth perineal trauma were purposively sampled as study participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews aided by an interview guide. Four themes, namely, perineal pain, substandard perineal wound management, fear of future reproductive health outcomes and diversion from reality, emerged from the study. Most women experiencing childbirth perineal trauma do not receive adequate care to manage their condition effectively. Therefore, midwives should utilise their professional knowledge and skills when providing postnatal care because morbidity affects women. Thus, it has the potential to negatively affect mother-infant bonding. The study concluded that birth perineal trauma is a distressing phenomenon of childbirth;hence, skillful repair, pain management and sexual counselling can greatly reduce its negative impacts.展开更多
The incidence of allergic airway diseases continues to increase in industrial countries while remaining much more stable in developing countries. Allergens inhaled are eventually also swallowed and evidently the gastr...The incidence of allergic airway diseases continues to increase in industrial countries while remaining much more stable in developing countries. Allergens inhaled are eventually also swallowed and evidently the gastrointestinal immune system has a role in regulating allergic responses in the pulmonary as well as the GI system. While some studies have pointed out the role of probiotic bacteria as a supplementary protection against the early development of various allergies, little attention has been paid to the composition of the airborne microflora first and continuosly inhaled by newborns and infants. This study compares the composition of two airborne microbial communities, one from hospital delivery rooms and the other from a nature reserve, evidently in use as a birthing place as early as 7500 B.C. around the air from the outdoor birthing place was marked by a far greater variation in microbial composition and a much higher representation of fungi than the air from the hospitals. The dominant bacterial species from the delivery rooms were Staphylococcus areus and Micrococcus luteus, originating from the staff and the hospital environment;the outdoor flora, however, was dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. In addition, 56% of all the bacterial isolates from the delivery rooms were most closely related to strains previously associated with clinical infections, whereas only 15% of isolates in the outdoor bacterial sample had such relationships. The role of airborne microorganisms could be important to infants with developing immune systems considering the microbial bias of hospital air presented in this study.展开更多
Although detailed knowledge on breeding ecology of humpback whales is required for developing effective and sustainable whale watching programs in breeding areas, the breeding ecology of this species is still poorly u...Although detailed knowledge on breeding ecology of humpback whales is required for developing effective and sustainable whale watching programs in breeding areas, the breeding ecology of this species is still poorly understood. Hence, we examine the migratory timing of humpback whales in Okinawa that is one of their breeding ground, distinguishing the reproductive status (male, female, or female with a calf), group compositions (singleton, pair, or whales more than three) and group types (singer or competitive group) in order to assess the peak period of breeding activities. A total of 1192 days of photo-identification surveys were conducted from 1991 to 2012 and a total of 7366 humpback whales were sighted during the surveys. Among them, 1284 whales were sex-determined (848 males, 147 females and 289 females with a calf), 1138 singletons, 1416 pairs and 710 groups of more than three whales were observed. Females without calves tended to occur from late January to late February, which was the beginning of the breeding season and male-female pairs were observed most frequently during this period. The peak occurrence of competitive group which was considered a mating-related behavior group, formed by females and males, was also observed during this period. These results indicated that humpback whales peak mating period in Okinawa occurred between late January and late February. Females with a calf tended to increase from mid-February toward the end of the breeding season maintaining a high sighting per unit effort (SPUE) value in late March. We, therefore, suggested that the peak time of birthing and newborn care was probably that period in Okinawa. These findings extended our knowledge on the reproductive ecology of humpback whales in Okinawan waters.展开更多
目的探讨腹压配合训练对初产妇第二产程腹压运用及分娩结局的影响。方法将健康初产妇随机分为观察组(n=224)和对照组(n=218)。对照组在进入第二产程后嘱其使用传统的Valsalva式用力,观察组产妇在第一产程早期开始腹压训练后嘱其跟口令用...目的探讨腹压配合训练对初产妇第二产程腹压运用及分娩结局的影响。方法将健康初产妇随机分为观察组(n=224)和对照组(n=218)。对照组在进入第二产程后嘱其使用传统的Valsalva式用力,观察组产妇在第一产程早期开始腹压训练后嘱其跟口令用力,观察产程及分娩结局。结果观察组第二产程时间、实际使用腹压时间、产时出血量、产后1h会阴VAS评分、会阴Ⅱ度及以上裂伤率、新生儿1 min Apgar评分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);观察组分娩体验显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论在无保护分娩中对临产后初产妇行腹压配合训练有助于缩短第二产程和实际用力时间,降低会阴损伤及疼痛,减少产后出血以及提高分娩的舒适感,能保障母儿安全。展开更多
文摘Perineal trauma following childbirth affects over two-thirds of women in low and medium-income countries (LMICs) birthing in health facilities. Although it is an unfavourable outcome with the potential to affect many aspects of a woman’s well-being in both the immediate and long-term, it is still a neglected phenomenon of women’s health, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries like Zambia. This study sought to understand the impact of birth perineal trauma on postnatal women at Ndola Teaching Hospital (NTH). This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative design using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Fifteen women who had birthed at NTH and sustained birth perineal trauma were purposively sampled as study participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews aided by an interview guide. Four themes, namely, perineal pain, substandard perineal wound management, fear of future reproductive health outcomes and diversion from reality, emerged from the study. Most women experiencing childbirth perineal trauma do not receive adequate care to manage their condition effectively. Therefore, midwives should utilise their professional knowledge and skills when providing postnatal care because morbidity affects women. Thus, it has the potential to negatively affect mother-infant bonding. The study concluded that birth perineal trauma is a distressing phenomenon of childbirth;hence, skillful repair, pain management and sexual counselling can greatly reduce its negative impacts.
文摘The incidence of allergic airway diseases continues to increase in industrial countries while remaining much more stable in developing countries. Allergens inhaled are eventually also swallowed and evidently the gastrointestinal immune system has a role in regulating allergic responses in the pulmonary as well as the GI system. While some studies have pointed out the role of probiotic bacteria as a supplementary protection against the early development of various allergies, little attention has been paid to the composition of the airborne microflora first and continuosly inhaled by newborns and infants. This study compares the composition of two airborne microbial communities, one from hospital delivery rooms and the other from a nature reserve, evidently in use as a birthing place as early as 7500 B.C. around the air from the outdoor birthing place was marked by a far greater variation in microbial composition and a much higher representation of fungi than the air from the hospitals. The dominant bacterial species from the delivery rooms were Staphylococcus areus and Micrococcus luteus, originating from the staff and the hospital environment;the outdoor flora, however, was dominated by Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. In addition, 56% of all the bacterial isolates from the delivery rooms were most closely related to strains previously associated with clinical infections, whereas only 15% of isolates in the outdoor bacterial sample had such relationships. The role of airborne microorganisms could be important to infants with developing immune systems considering the microbial bias of hospital air presented in this study.
文摘Although detailed knowledge on breeding ecology of humpback whales is required for developing effective and sustainable whale watching programs in breeding areas, the breeding ecology of this species is still poorly understood. Hence, we examine the migratory timing of humpback whales in Okinawa that is one of their breeding ground, distinguishing the reproductive status (male, female, or female with a calf), group compositions (singleton, pair, or whales more than three) and group types (singer or competitive group) in order to assess the peak period of breeding activities. A total of 1192 days of photo-identification surveys were conducted from 1991 to 2012 and a total of 7366 humpback whales were sighted during the surveys. Among them, 1284 whales were sex-determined (848 males, 147 females and 289 females with a calf), 1138 singletons, 1416 pairs and 710 groups of more than three whales were observed. Females without calves tended to occur from late January to late February, which was the beginning of the breeding season and male-female pairs were observed most frequently during this period. The peak occurrence of competitive group which was considered a mating-related behavior group, formed by females and males, was also observed during this period. These results indicated that humpback whales peak mating period in Okinawa occurred between late January and late February. Females with a calf tended to increase from mid-February toward the end of the breeding season maintaining a high sighting per unit effort (SPUE) value in late March. We, therefore, suggested that the peak time of birthing and newborn care was probably that period in Okinawa. These findings extended our knowledge on the reproductive ecology of humpback whales in Okinawan waters.
文摘目的探讨腹压配合训练对初产妇第二产程腹压运用及分娩结局的影响。方法将健康初产妇随机分为观察组(n=224)和对照组(n=218)。对照组在进入第二产程后嘱其使用传统的Valsalva式用力,观察组产妇在第一产程早期开始腹压训练后嘱其跟口令用力,观察产程及分娩结局。结果观察组第二产程时间、实际使用腹压时间、产时出血量、产后1h会阴VAS评分、会阴Ⅱ度及以上裂伤率、新生儿1 min Apgar评分与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);观察组分娩体验显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论在无保护分娩中对临产后初产妇行腹压配合训练有助于缩短第二产程和实际用力时间,降低会阴损伤及疼痛,减少产后出血以及提高分娩的舒适感,能保障母儿安全。
