The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator over deformation temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate ...The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator over deformation temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1.Arrhenius-type constitutive models were developed for temperature ranges of bothα+βdual phase andβsingle phase at strain of 0.1.Afterwards,a series of material constants(including activation energy Q,material constants n,αand ln A)as polynomial functions of strain were introduced into Arrhenius-type models.Finally,the improved Arrhenius-type models in temperature field ofα+βandβphase were constructed.The results show that the improved Arrhenius-type models contribute to the calculation of Zener-Hollomon(Z)parameter,and the microstructural evolution mechanism is uncovered by combining microstructure observations with Z-parameter.Furthermore,the improved Arrhenius-type models are also helpful to improve the accuracy of finite element method(FEM)simulation in the deformation process of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy.展开更多
Silicon(Si)anodes with extremely high theoretical capacities are considered indispensable for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,several intractable problems,including pulverization,poor e...Silicon(Si)anodes with extremely high theoretical capacities are considered indispensable for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,several intractable problems,including pulverization,poor electrical contact,and continuous side reactions caused by the large volume change of Si during lithia-tion/delithiation,lead to a short cycle life and poor rate capability,thus hindering the commercial use of Si anodes in LIBs.Two-dimensional(2D)Si with a unique graphene-like structure has a short ion diffusion path-way,small volume change during lithiation,and efficient redox site utilization,making it more promising than bulk Si or Si with other versatile structures for use in LIBs.Theoretical analysis demonstrated that the low energy barrier on the surface of 2D Si accelerates the transport of Li+.However,the issues surrounding 2D Si,includ-ing the tedious and user-unfriendly synthesis,ease of restacking,and atmospheric sensitivity,limit its practical applications,which are discussed in this review.Furthermore,possible solutions to these remaining challenges and new directions are provided,with the aim of designing practical and high-performance 2D Si anodes for next-generation LIBs.展开更多
Here we report a TiHfNbTa bulk medium-entropy alloy(MEA)superconductor crystallized in the body-centered cubic structure with the unit cell parameter a=3.35925?,which is synthesized by an arc melting method.Supercondu...Here we report a TiHfNbTa bulk medium-entropy alloy(MEA)superconductor crystallized in the body-centered cubic structure with the unit cell parameter a=3.35925?,which is synthesized by an arc melting method.Superconducting properties of the TiHfNbTa are studied by employing magnetic susceptibility,resistivity,and specific heat measurements.Experimental results show a bulk superconducting transition temperature(Tc)of around 6.75 K.The lower and upper critical fields for TiHfNbTa are45.8 m T and 10.46 T,respectively.First-principles calculations show that the d electrons of Ti,Hf,Nb,and Ta are the main contribution to the total density of states near the Fermi level.Our results indicate that the superconductivity is a conventional swave type with extremely strong coupling(△C_(el)/γ_(n)T_(c)=2.88,2△_(0)/k_(B)T_(c)=5.02,and λ_(ep)=2.77).The extremely strong coupling behavior in the s-wave type Ti Hf Nb Ta MEA superconductor is unusual because it generally happens in cuprates,pnictides,and other unconventional superconductors.展开更多
Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their safety and high theoretical specific capacity,and the abundance of magnesium reserves.However,their anodes and electro-lyte...Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their safety and high theoretical specific capacity,and the abundance of magnesium reserves.However,their anodes and electro-lytes severely restrict the development of MIBs,so alloy-type anodes provide an effective strategy to circum-vent the surface passivation issue encountered with Mg metal in conventional electrolytes.Theoretically,a germanium anode can deliver a high specific capacity of 1476 mAh g?1,but hitherto,no experimental reports have described Ge in MIBs.Herein,we experimentally verified that Ge could reversibly react with Mg 2þions through the design of dual-phase Ge–Bi film electrodes fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering.Notably,a Ge 57 Bi 43 electrode delivered a high specific capacity of 847.5 mAh g?1,owing to the joint alloying reactions of Ge and Bi with Mg,which was much higher than the specific capacity of Bi(around 385 mAh g?1).Moreover,the Ge–Bi anode showed excellent rate performance,good cycling stability,and superior compatibility with conventional electrolytes such as Mg(TFSI)2.More importantly,the Mg storage mechanism of the Ge–Bi anode was unveiled by operando X-ray diffraction,and density functional theory calculations rationalized that the introduction of Bi to form Ge–Bi evidently decreased the defect formation energy and effectively boosted the electrochemical reactivity of Ge with Mg.展开更多
Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where ...Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where is a well-defined phase boundary between Sn and Bi,have been prepared by a two-step process for the first time.The phase boundary not only provides additional and fast transportation for Na+,but also mitigates the structure stress/strain upon cycling.Therefore,Sn-Bi@C exhibits a high capacity(472.1 m A h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 200 cycles),an ultra-long cyclic life(355.6 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)for 4500cycles)and an excellent rate performance(372 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))for sodium storage,much higher than those of Sn@C,Bi@C,and Sn@C+Bi@C.Notably,the full cells of Sn-Bi@C//Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/rGO(SnBi@C//NVP/rGO)demonstrate impressive performance(323 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 300 cycles).The underlying mechanism for such an excellent performance is elucidated by in-situ X-ray diffraction,exsitu scanning electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy,revealing the good electrode stability and improved mechanical properties of Sn-Bi@C.The synthetic method is extended to dimer-like Sn-Pb@C and Sn-Ag@C heterostructures,which also exhibit the good cycle stability for sodium storage.展开更多
The present work reports the effect of thermal induced porosity(TIP)on the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)and very high-cycle fatigue(VHCF)behaviors of hot-isostatic-pressed(HIPed)Ti-6Al-4V alloy from gasatomized powder.The r...The present work reports the effect of thermal induced porosity(TIP)on the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)and very high-cycle fatigue(VHCF)behaviors of hot-isostatic-pressed(HIPed)Ti-6Al-4V alloy from gasatomized powder.The results show that the residual pores in the as-HIPed powder compacts present no obvious effect on the HCF life.The regrowth of the residual pores can be observed after solution heat treatment.The pore location ranks the most harmful for the fatigue life compared with the other initiating defects.The maximum stress intensity factors were calculated.The plastic zone size of fine granular area(FGA)is much less than the characteristic size of the microstructure,and the crucial size of the internal pores in this study is about 40μm.The failure types of fatigue specimens in the VHCF regime were classified,and the competition of different failure types was described based on the modified Poisson distribution.展开更多
The phase structure and electrochemical properties of La1.7＋xMg1.3-x（NiCoMn）9.3（x=0-0.4） alloys were investigated. The XRD analysis reveals that the alloys consist of LaNi5 phase and other phases, such as LaMg2Ni...The phase structure and electrochemical properties of La1.7＋xMg1.3-x（NiCoMn）9.3（x=0-0.4） alloys were investigated. The XRD analysis reveals that the alloys consist of LaNi5 phase and other phases, such as LaMg2Ni9 phase （PuNi3 structure） and La4MgNi19 phases （Ce5Co19＋Pr5Co19 structure, namely A5B19 type）. With the increase of the x value, the LaMg2Ni9 phase fades away and La4MgNi19 phases appear, while the abundance of LaNi5 phase firstly increases and then decreases. At the same time, the cell volume of LaNi5 phase and LaMg2Ni9 phase decreases. The electrochemical measurement shows that alloy electrodes could be activated in 4-5 cycles, and with the increase of the x value, the maximum discharge capacity gradually increases from 330.9 mA-h/g （x=0） to 366.8 mA-h/g （x=0.4）, but the high-rate dischargeability （HRD） and cyclic stability （S） decrease somewhat （x=0.4, HRD600=82.32%, S100=73.8%）. It is found that the HRD is mainly controlled by the electrocatalytic activity on the alloy electrode surface, and the decline of cyclic stability is due to the appearance of A5B19 type phase with larger hydrogen storage capacity, which leads to larger volume expansion and more intercrystalline stress and then easier pulverization during charging/discharging.展开更多
Alloy-type materials with the characteristics of high theoretical capacity,low sodiation/desodiation potential,and good conductivity are considered as one of the most promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries or capac...Alloy-type materials with the characteristics of high theoretical capacity,low sodiation/desodiation potential,and good conductivity are considered as one of the most promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries or capacitors.However,the large volume change during the sodiation leads to poor cyclability and slow kinetics,thus presenting the main issue impeding the practical application.Herein,we propose a facile wet chemistry and pyrolysis method to synthesize Sb-carbon composite that Sb nanoparticles or single atoms are confined and/or dispersed in the wrinkled carbon framework with high nitrogen content.This unique architecture of Sb-carbon composite increases atomic interface contact/interaction with Na~+,facilitating ion diffusion and alleviating the volume change of Sb during the charge/discharge process.Half-cell test shows that Sb-carbon composite exhibits a high-rate capability and stable cycling life.Furthermore,sodium-ion capacitors fabricated by employing Sb-carbon composite as anode and home-made active carbon as cathode,deliver both high-energy density of 157 Wh·kg^(-1)and high-power density of 25 kW·kg^(-1)as well as excellent cycling performance exceeding 4000 cycles.展开更多
Alloy-type metals/alloys hold the promise of increasing the energy density of metal-ion batteries(MIBs)because of their theoretical high gravimetrical capacities.Semimetals and semimetal-analogs are typical alloy-type...Alloy-type metals/alloys hold the promise of increasing the energy density of metal-ion batteries(MIBs)because of their theoretical high gravimetrical capacities.Semimetals and semimetal-analogs are typical alloy-type anodes.Currently,the large-scale extraction of semimetals(Si,Ge)and semimetal-analogs(Sb,Bi,Sn)by traditional metallurgical routes highly relies on using reducing agents(e.g.,carbon,hydrogen,reactive metals),which consumes a large number of fossil fuels and produces greenhouse gas emissions.In addition,the common metallurgical methods for extracting semimetals involve relatively high operating temperatures and therefore produce bulk metal ingots solidified from the liquid metals.However,the commonly used electrode materials in batteries are fine powders.Thus,directly producing semimetal powders would be more energy efficient.In addition,semimetals are good candidates to host alkali/alkaline-earth ions through the alloying process because the electronegativity of semimetals is high.Therefore,preparing semimetal powders via an environment-sound manner is of great interest to provide sustainable anode materials for MIBs while reducing the ecological footprint.Low-cost and high-output capacity anode powder materials,as well as straightforward and environmental-benign synthetic methods,play key roles in enabling the energy conversion and storage technologies for real applications of MIBs.Electrochemical technologies offer new strategies to extract semimetals using electrons as the reducing agent that comes from renewable energies.Besides,the morphologies and structures of the electrolytic products can be rationally tailored by tuning the electrode potentials,electrolytes,and operating temperatures.In this regard,using the one-step green electrochemical method to prepare high-capacity and cheaper alloy-type metalloids for MIB anodes can fulfill the requirements for developing MIBs.This review critically overviews recent developments and advances in the electrochemical extraction of semimetals(Si,Ge)and se展开更多
基金Projected(51775068)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy was investigated by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator over deformation temperature range of 1023-1423 K and strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1.Arrhenius-type constitutive models were developed for temperature ranges of bothα+βdual phase andβsingle phase at strain of 0.1.Afterwards,a series of material constants(including activation energy Q,material constants n,αand ln A)as polynomial functions of strain were introduced into Arrhenius-type models.Finally,the improved Arrhenius-type models in temperature field ofα+βandβphase were constructed.The results show that the improved Arrhenius-type models contribute to the calculation of Zener-Hollomon(Z)parameter,and the microstructural evolution mechanism is uncovered by combining microstructure observations with Z-parameter.Furthermore,the improved Arrhenius-type models are also helpful to improve the accuracy of finite element method(FEM)simulation in the deformation process of Ti-6 Al-4 V-0.1 Ru titanium alloy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902188)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190207)+1 种基金Natural Science Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019BEM019)the Future Program for Young Scholar of Shandong University.
文摘Silicon(Si)anodes with extremely high theoretical capacities are considered indispensable for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,several intractable problems,including pulverization,poor electrical contact,and continuous side reactions caused by the large volume change of Si during lithia-tion/delithiation,lead to a short cycle life and poor rate capability,thus hindering the commercial use of Si anodes in LIBs.Two-dimensional(2D)Si with a unique graphene-like structure has a short ion diffusion path-way,small volume change during lithiation,and efficient redox site utilization,making it more promising than bulk Si or Si with other versatile structures for use in LIBs.Theoretical analysis demonstrated that the low energy barrier on the surface of 2D Si accelerates the transport of Li+.However,the issues surrounding 2D Si,includ-ing the tedious and user-unfriendly synthesis,ease of restacking,and atmospheric sensitivity,limit its practical applications,which are discussed in this review.Furthermore,possible solutions to these remaining challenges and new directions are provided,with the aim of designing practical and high-performance 2D Si anodes for next-generation LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274471,and 11922415)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2022A1515011168,and 2019A1515011718)+6 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2019B110209003)supported by the Foreign Young Talents Program of China(Grant No.22KW041C211)supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B0101340002)supported by the NKRDPC(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402802,and 2018YFA0306001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974432,and 92165204)the Leading Talent Program of Guangdong Special Projects(Grant No.201626003)the Shenzhen International Quantum Academy(Grant No.SIQA202102)。
文摘Here we report a TiHfNbTa bulk medium-entropy alloy(MEA)superconductor crystallized in the body-centered cubic structure with the unit cell parameter a=3.35925?,which is synthesized by an arc melting method.Superconducting properties of the TiHfNbTa are studied by employing magnetic susceptibility,resistivity,and specific heat measurements.Experimental results show a bulk superconducting transition temperature(Tc)of around 6.75 K.The lower and upper critical fields for TiHfNbTa are45.8 m T and 10.46 T,respectively.First-principles calculations show that the d electrons of Ti,Hf,Nb,and Ta are the main contribution to the total density of states near the Fermi level.Our results indicate that the superconductivity is a conventional swave type with extremely strong coupling(△C_(el)/γ_(n)T_(c)=2.88,2△_(0)/k_(B)T_(c)=5.02,and λ_(ep)=2.77).The extremely strong coupling behavior in the s-wave type Ti Hf Nb Ta MEA superconductor is unusual because it generally happens in cuprates,pnictides,and other unconventional superconductors.
基金The authors acknowledge the support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871133)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shan-dong Province,the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2021ZLGX01)the program of Jinan Science and Tech-nology Bureau(2019GXRC001).
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their safety and high theoretical specific capacity,and the abundance of magnesium reserves.However,their anodes and electro-lytes severely restrict the development of MIBs,so alloy-type anodes provide an effective strategy to circum-vent the surface passivation issue encountered with Mg metal in conventional electrolytes.Theoretically,a germanium anode can deliver a high specific capacity of 1476 mAh g?1,but hitherto,no experimental reports have described Ge in MIBs.Herein,we experimentally verified that Ge could reversibly react with Mg 2þions through the design of dual-phase Ge–Bi film electrodes fabricated by magnetron co-sputtering.Notably,a Ge 57 Bi 43 electrode delivered a high specific capacity of 847.5 mAh g?1,owing to the joint alloying reactions of Ge and Bi with Mg,which was much higher than the specific capacity of Bi(around 385 mAh g?1).Moreover,the Ge–Bi anode showed excellent rate performance,good cycling stability,and superior compatibility with conventional electrolytes such as Mg(TFSI)2.More importantly,the Mg storage mechanism of the Ge–Bi anode was unveiled by operando X-ray diffraction,and density functional theory calculations rationalized that the introduction of Bi to form Ge–Bi evidently decreased the defect formation energy and effectively boosted the electrochemical reactivity of Ge with Mg.
基金the financial support from Outstanding Youth Scholarship in Shandong University and the Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MB109)。
文摘Phase boundaries facilitate the charge transportation and alleviate the intrinsic stress upon cycles.Therefore,how to achieve regular phase boundaries is very attractive.Herein,dimer-like Sn-Bi@C nanostructures,where is a well-defined phase boundary between Sn and Bi,have been prepared by a two-step process for the first time.The phase boundary not only provides additional and fast transportation for Na+,but also mitigates the structure stress/strain upon cycling.Therefore,Sn-Bi@C exhibits a high capacity(472.1 m A h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 200 cycles),an ultra-long cyclic life(355.6 mA h g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)for 4500cycles)and an excellent rate performance(372 mA h g^(-1)at 10 A g^(-1))for sodium storage,much higher than those of Sn@C,Bi@C,and Sn@C+Bi@C.Notably,the full cells of Sn-Bi@C//Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/rGO(SnBi@C//NVP/rGO)demonstrate impressive performance(323 mA h g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)for 300 cycles).The underlying mechanism for such an excellent performance is elucidated by in-situ X-ray diffraction,exsitu scanning electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy,revealing the good electrode stability and improved mechanical properties of Sn-Bi@C.The synthetic method is extended to dimer-like Sn-Pb@C and Sn-Ag@C heterostructures,which also exhibit the good cycle stability for sodium storage.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.201901D211085)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP)
文摘The present work reports the effect of thermal induced porosity(TIP)on the high-cycle fatigue(HCF)and very high-cycle fatigue(VHCF)behaviors of hot-isostatic-pressed(HIPed)Ti-6Al-4V alloy from gasatomized powder.The results show that the residual pores in the as-HIPed powder compacts present no obvious effect on the HCF life.The regrowth of the residual pores can be observed after solution heat treatment.The pore location ranks the most harmful for the fatigue life compared with the other initiating defects.The maximum stress intensity factors were calculated.The plastic zone size of fine granular area(FGA)is much less than the characteristic size of the microstructure,and the crucial size of the internal pores in this study is about 40μm.The failure types of fatigue specimens in the VHCF regime were classified,and the competition of different failure types was described based on the modified Poisson distribution.
基金Project (2008CL068L) supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province, ChinaProject (50901036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The phase structure and electrochemical properties of La1.7＋xMg1.3-x（NiCoMn）9.3（x=0-0.4） alloys were investigated. The XRD analysis reveals that the alloys consist of LaNi5 phase and other phases, such as LaMg2Ni9 phase （PuNi3 structure） and La4MgNi19 phases （Ce5Co19＋Pr5Co19 structure, namely A5B19 type）. With the increase of the x value, the LaMg2Ni9 phase fades away and La4MgNi19 phases appear, while the abundance of LaNi5 phase firstly increases and then decreases. At the same time, the cell volume of LaNi5 phase and LaMg2Ni9 phase decreases. The electrochemical measurement shows that alloy electrodes could be activated in 4-5 cycles, and with the increase of the x value, the maximum discharge capacity gradually increases from 330.9 mA-h/g （x=0） to 366.8 mA-h/g （x=0.4）, but the high-rate dischargeability （HRD） and cyclic stability （S） decrease somewhat （x=0.4, HRD600=82.32%, S100=73.8%）. It is found that the HRD is mainly controlled by the electrocatalytic activity on the alloy electrode surface, and the decline of cyclic stability is due to the appearance of A5B19 type phase with larger hydrogen storage capacity, which leads to larger volume expansion and more intercrystalline stress and then easier pulverization during charging/discharging.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902188)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190207)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2020KE034 and ZR2021ME105)the Natural Science Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019BEM019)the Future Program for Young Scholar of Shandong University。
文摘Alloy-type materials with the characteristics of high theoretical capacity,low sodiation/desodiation potential,and good conductivity are considered as one of the most promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries or capacitors.However,the large volume change during the sodiation leads to poor cyclability and slow kinetics,thus presenting the main issue impeding the practical application.Herein,we propose a facile wet chemistry and pyrolysis method to synthesize Sb-carbon composite that Sb nanoparticles or single atoms are confined and/or dispersed in the wrinkled carbon framework with high nitrogen content.This unique architecture of Sb-carbon composite increases atomic interface contact/interaction with Na~+,facilitating ion diffusion and alleviating the volume change of Sb during the charge/discharge process.Half-cell test shows that Sb-carbon composite exhibits a high-rate capability and stable cycling life.Furthermore,sodium-ion capacitors fabricated by employing Sb-carbon composite as anode and home-made active carbon as cathode,deliver both high-energy density of 157 Wh·kg^(-1)and high-power density of 25 kW·kg^(-1)as well as excellent cycling performance exceeding 4000 cycles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51704060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N172505002)the Program of the Ministry of Education of China for Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.B16009)。
文摘Alloy-type metals/alloys hold the promise of increasing the energy density of metal-ion batteries(MIBs)because of their theoretical high gravimetrical capacities.Semimetals and semimetal-analogs are typical alloy-type anodes.Currently,the large-scale extraction of semimetals(Si,Ge)and semimetal-analogs(Sb,Bi,Sn)by traditional metallurgical routes highly relies on using reducing agents(e.g.,carbon,hydrogen,reactive metals),which consumes a large number of fossil fuels and produces greenhouse gas emissions.In addition,the common metallurgical methods for extracting semimetals involve relatively high operating temperatures and therefore produce bulk metal ingots solidified from the liquid metals.However,the commonly used electrode materials in batteries are fine powders.Thus,directly producing semimetal powders would be more energy efficient.In addition,semimetals are good candidates to host alkali/alkaline-earth ions through the alloying process because the electronegativity of semimetals is high.Therefore,preparing semimetal powders via an environment-sound manner is of great interest to provide sustainable anode materials for MIBs while reducing the ecological footprint.Low-cost and high-output capacity anode powder materials,as well as straightforward and environmental-benign synthetic methods,play key roles in enabling the energy conversion and storage technologies for real applications of MIBs.Electrochemical technologies offer new strategies to extract semimetals using electrons as the reducing agent that comes from renewable energies.Besides,the morphologies and structures of the electrolytic products can be rationally tailored by tuning the electrode potentials,electrolytes,and operating temperatures.In this regard,using the one-step green electrochemical method to prepare high-capacity and cheaper alloy-type metalloids for MIB anodes can fulfill the requirements for developing MIBs.This review critically overviews recent developments and advances in the electrochemical extraction of semimetals(Si,Ge)and se
