Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefa...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.展开更多
Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta...Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta）,Ocimum basilicum（0.basilicum）,Ricinus communis（R. communis）,Solanum trilobatum（S.trilobatum）,Tridax procumbens（T.procumbens） and seeds of Gloriosa superba（G.superba） against Anopheles stephensi（An,stephensi）.Methods:The EI and adulticidal trials were carried out according to World Health Organization（WHO） procedures with slight modifications.The extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide in order to prepare a serial dilution of test dosages（15.625,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000μg/mL）.Five duplicate trials were carried out for every sample concentration,and for each trial a negative control was included and the mortality was determined after 24 h of exposure.Results:The highest EI activity was found in ethyl acetate extracts of A malabarica,chloroform extracts of O.basilicum, S.trilobatum,acetone of extract of R.communis,T.procumbens,and seed extract of G.superba with EI<sub>50</sub> values 143.12,119.82.157.87,139.39,111.19,and 134.85μg/mL,and the effective adulticidal activity was observed in chloroform,acetone extracts of G.superba,T.procumbens,R. communis,S.trilobatum and ethyl acetate extract of 0.basilicum with LD<sub>50</sub> values 120.17,108.77, 127.22,163.11,118.27,and 93.02μg/mL,respectively.Chi-square value was significant at P【0.05 level.Conclusions:These results should encourage further efforts to investigate the compounds that might possess good EI and adulticidal properties when isolated in pure form.展开更多
目的摸索2种生长调节剂对家蝇控制所需剂量,为今后蝇类防治提供依据。方法将猪粪堆成面积1 m^2厚0.15 m的粪堆,分别将吡丙醚、灭蝇胺按不同剂量均匀喷洒到猪粪堆上,并在施药前后定期观察蝇蛆蛹的数量,计算出其相应的相关密度指数及羽化...目的摸索2种生长调节剂对家蝇控制所需剂量,为今后蝇类防治提供依据。方法将猪粪堆成面积1 m^2厚0.15 m的粪堆,分别将吡丙醚、灭蝇胺按不同剂量均匀喷洒到猪粪堆上,并在施药前后定期观察蝇蛆蛹的数量,计算出其相应的相关密度指数及羽化抑制率。结果在施药后的3~24 d,吡丙醚施药剂量按0.1 g a.i/m^2,其羽化抑制率为25.55%~86.31%,0.15、0.3 g a.i/m^2时为52.61%~100%;灭蝇胺0.5g a.i/m^2其羽化抑制率在18.34%~86.03%,施药后26 d时为24.18%;0.75 g a.i/m^2时为78.85%~100%,施药后24 d为100%;1、2 g a.i/m^2为77.88%~100%,后二者剂量24 d后均为100%。结论由于昆虫生长调节剂毒性低,使用安全,无交叉抗性,持效期长,在控制蝇类孳生中值得推广应用。展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.
文摘Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta）,Ocimum basilicum（0.basilicum）,Ricinus communis（R. communis）,Solanum trilobatum（S.trilobatum）,Tridax procumbens（T.procumbens） and seeds of Gloriosa superba（G.superba） against Anopheles stephensi（An,stephensi）.Methods:The EI and adulticidal trials were carried out according to World Health Organization（WHO） procedures with slight modifications.The extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide in order to prepare a serial dilution of test dosages（15.625,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000μg/mL）.Five duplicate trials were carried out for every sample concentration,and for each trial a negative control was included and the mortality was determined after 24 h of exposure.Results:The highest EI activity was found in ethyl acetate extracts of A malabarica,chloroform extracts of O.basilicum, S.trilobatum,acetone of extract of R.communis,T.procumbens,and seed extract of G.superba with EI<sub>50</sub> values 143.12,119.82.157.87,139.39,111.19,and 134.85μg/mL,and the effective adulticidal activity was observed in chloroform,acetone extracts of G.superba,T.procumbens,R. communis,S.trilobatum and ethyl acetate extract of 0.basilicum with LD<sub>50</sub> values 120.17,108.77, 127.22,163.11,118.27,and 93.02μg/mL,respectively.Chi-square value was significant at P【0.05 level.Conclusions:These results should encourage further efforts to investigate the compounds that might possess good EI and adulticidal properties when isolated in pure form.
文摘目的摸索2种生长调节剂对家蝇控制所需剂量,为今后蝇类防治提供依据。方法将猪粪堆成面积1 m^2厚0.15 m的粪堆,分别将吡丙醚、灭蝇胺按不同剂量均匀喷洒到猪粪堆上,并在施药前后定期观察蝇蛆蛹的数量,计算出其相应的相关密度指数及羽化抑制率。结果在施药后的3~24 d,吡丙醚施药剂量按0.1 g a.i/m^2,其羽化抑制率为25.55%~86.31%,0.15、0.3 g a.i/m^2时为52.61%~100%;灭蝇胺0.5g a.i/m^2其羽化抑制率在18.34%~86.03%,施药后26 d时为24.18%;0.75 g a.i/m^2时为78.85%~100%,施药后24 d为100%;1、2 g a.i/m^2为77.88%~100%,后二者剂量24 d后均为100%。结论由于昆虫生长调节剂毒性低,使用安全,无交叉抗性,持效期长,在控制蝇类孳生中值得推广应用。
