Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition receptors that play an important role in protective immunity against infection and inflammation.They act as central integrators ...Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition receptors that play an important role in protective immunity against infection and inflammation.They act as central integrators of a wide variety of signals,responding to diverse agonists of microbial products.Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to signaling pathways that activate not only innate,but also adaptive immunity by APC dependent or independent mechanisms.Recent evidence revealed that TLR signals played a determining role in the skewing of na(?)ve T cells towards either Th1 or Th2 responses.Activation of Toll-like receptors also directly or indirectly influences regulatory T cell functions.Therefore,TLRs are required in both immune activation and immune regulation.Study of TLRs has significantly enhanced our understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses and provides novel therapeutic approaches against infectious and inflammatory diseases.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4):239-246.展开更多
Appropriate in vivo control of plasmacytoid dendritic cell （pDC） recruitment and activation is a fundamental requirement for defense against viral infection. During this process, a pivotal event that influences the ...Appropriate in vivo control of plasmacytoid dendritic cell （pDC） recruitment and activation is a fundamental requirement for defense against viral infection. During this process, a pivotal event that influences the outcome of viral infection is the production of high levels of type I interferon by pDCs. In particular, recent research findings showed that pDCs not only shape the nature of innate resistance, but are also responsible for the successful transition from innate to adaptive immunity for viral resistance. In addition, pDCs can differentiate into antigen presenting cells that may regulate tolerance to a given pathogen. Importantly, in a series of recent clinical studies, pDCs appeared to be defective in number and function in conditions of chronic viral diseases such as infected with HIV-1, HBV or HCV. pDC-associated clinical antiviral therapy is also emerging. This review describes research findings exatnining the functional and antiviral properties of in vivo pDC plasticity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）：411- 417.展开更多
2018年,美国德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心的詹姆斯·艾莉森(James P. Allison)教授与日本京都大学的本庶佑(Tasuku Honjo)教授因创建了新型癌症免疫治疗方法获得了诺贝尔生理学与医学奖。这一创新性研究成果充分体现了免疫学基础研...2018年,美国德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心的詹姆斯·艾莉森(James P. Allison)教授与日本京都大学的本庶佑(Tasuku Honjo)教授因创建了新型癌症免疫治疗方法获得了诺贝尔生理学与医学奖。这一创新性研究成果充分体现了免疫学基础研究在重大免疫相关疾病发病机制研究及疾病防治中的基础性、支撑性作用。这一年,国内外免疫学研究在基础理论及临床应用各个方向蓬勃发展,对诸多免疫学根本性、关键性科学问题有了更为深入的认识,为免疫相关疾病发病机制研究和防治手段的革新带来了新的思路,特别是肿瘤治疗方面取得重大进展。特别值得一提的是,国内免疫学研究者做出了一系列受到领域同行认可的高水平、原创性科研成果,为免疫学研究的发展贡献了重要力量。本文中,我们回顾了2018年国内外免疫学研究领域的最新理论和应用成果,与各位同行共同探讨免疫学研究的前沿热点和重大挑战。展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplast...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system(including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells(e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.展开更多
文摘Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition receptors that play an important role in protective immunity against infection and inflammation.They act as central integrators of a wide variety of signals,responding to diverse agonists of microbial products.Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to signaling pathways that activate not only innate,but also adaptive immunity by APC dependent or independent mechanisms.Recent evidence revealed that TLR signals played a determining role in the skewing of na(?)ve T cells towards either Th1 or Th2 responses.Activation of Toll-like receptors also directly or indirectly influences regulatory T cell functions.Therefore,TLRs are required in both immune activation and immune regulation.Study of TLRs has significantly enhanced our understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses and provides novel therapeutic approaches against infectious and inflammatory diseases.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4):239-246.
基金the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(No.30525042) National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2001CB51003).
文摘Appropriate in vivo control of plasmacytoid dendritic cell （pDC） recruitment and activation is a fundamental requirement for defense against viral infection. During this process, a pivotal event that influences the outcome of viral infection is the production of high levels of type I interferon by pDCs. In particular, recent research findings showed that pDCs not only shape the nature of innate resistance, but are also responsible for the successful transition from innate to adaptive immunity for viral resistance. In addition, pDCs can differentiate into antigen presenting cells that may regulate tolerance to a given pathogen. Importantly, in a series of recent clinical studies, pDCs appeared to be defective in number and function in conditions of chronic viral diseases such as infected with HIV-1, HBV or HCV. pDC-associated clinical antiviral therapy is also emerging. This review describes research findings exatnining the functional and antiviral properties of in vivo pDC plasticity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）：411- 417.
文摘2018年,美国德克萨斯大学安德森癌症中心的詹姆斯·艾莉森(James P. Allison)教授与日本京都大学的本庶佑(Tasuku Honjo)教授因创建了新型癌症免疫治疗方法获得了诺贝尔生理学与医学奖。这一创新性研究成果充分体现了免疫学基础研究在重大免疫相关疾病发病机制研究及疾病防治中的基础性、支撑性作用。这一年,国内外免疫学研究在基础理论及临床应用各个方向蓬勃发展,对诸多免疫学根本性、关键性科学问题有了更为深入的认识,为免疫相关疾病发病机制研究和防治手段的革新带来了新的思路,特别是肿瘤治疗方面取得重大进展。特别值得一提的是,国内免疫学研究者做出了一系列受到领域同行认可的高水平、原创性科研成果,为免疫学研究的发展贡献了重要力量。本文中,我们回顾了2018年国内外免疫学研究领域的最新理论和应用成果,与各位同行共同探讨免疫学研究的前沿热点和重大挑战。
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is primarily a malignancy of the liver, advancing from a damaged, cirrhotic liver to HCC. Globally, HCC is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third-most prevalent reason for neoplastic disease-related deaths. A diverse array of infiltrating immunocytes regulates the development and progression of HCC, as is the case in many other cancers. An understanding of the various immune components during HCC becomes necessary so that novel therapeutic strategies can be designed to combat the disease. A dysregulated immune system(including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. Alterations in either the innate or adaptive arm of the immune system and cross-talk between them make the immune system tolerant to tumors, leading to disease progression. In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells(e.g., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC.
