Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)in man.Despite some common features,these forms can be distinguished by different genetic predisposition,risk factor...Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)in man.Despite some common features,these forms can be distinguished by different genetic predisposition,risk factors and clinical,endoscopic and histological characteristics.The aetiology of both CD and UC remains unknown,but several evidences suggest that CD and perhaps UC are due to an excessive immuneresponse directed against normal constituents of the intestinal bacterial flora.Tests sometimes invasive are routine for the diagnosis and care of patients with IBD.Diagnosis of UC is based on clinical symptoms combined with radiological and endoscopic investigations.The employment of non-invasive biomarkers is needed.These biomarkers have the potential to avoid invasive diagnostic tests that may result in discomfort and potential complications.The ability to determine the type,severity,prognosis and response to therapy of UC,using biomarkers has long been a goal of clinical researchers.We describe the biomarkers assessed in UC,with special reference to acute-phase proteins and serologic markers and thereafter,we describe the new biological markers and the biological markers could be developed in the future:(1)serum markers of acute phase response:The laboratory tests most used to measure the acute-phase proteins in clinical practice are the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Other biomarkers of inflammation in UC include platelet count,leukocyte count,and serum albumin and serum orosomucoid concentrations;(2)serologic markers/antibodies:In the last decades serological and immunologic biomarkers have been studied extensively in immunology and have been used in clinical practice to detect specific pathologies.In UC,the presence of these antibodies can aid as surrogate markers for the aberrant host immune response;and(3)future biomarkers:The development of biomarkers in UC will be very important in the future.The progress of molecular biology tools(microarrays,proteomic展开更多
Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical sig...Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical signs like redness,swelling,pain,and increased body temperature.Immune cells,notably neutrophils and macrophages,play key roles in orchestrating this response.The delicate balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators,including cytokines and chemokines,regulates the inflammatory cascade.While acute inflammation is crucial for tissue repair,chronic inflammation may indicate an imbalance,contributing to conditions like autoimmune diseases.Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies and managing chronic diseases.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa integrity,glutathione stores and acute phase response in protein-depleted rats during an inflammatory shock. METHODS: Plasma acute phase proteins (APP),jej...AIM: To evaluate the effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa integrity,glutathione stores and acute phase response in protein-depleted rats during an inflammatory shock. METHODS: Plasma acute phase proteins (APP),jejunal APP mRNA levels,liver and jejunal glutathione concentrations were measured before and one,three and seven days after turpentine injection in 4 groups of control,protein-restricted,protein-restricted rats supplemented with glutamine or protein powder. Bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal morphology were also assessed. RESULTS: Protein deprivation and turpentine injection significantly reduced jejunal villus height,and crypt depths. Mucosal glutathione concentration significantly decreased in protein-restricted rats. Before turpentine oil,glutamine supplementation restored villus heights and glutathione concentration (3.24 ± 1.05 vs 1.72 ± 0.46 μmol/g tissue,P < 0.05) in the jejunum,whereas in the liver glutathione remained low. Glutamine markedly increased jejunal α1-acid glycoprotein mRNA level after turpentine oil but did not affect its plasma concentration. Bacterial translocation in protein-restricted rats was not prevented by glutamine or protein powder supplementation. CONCLUSION: Glutamine restored gut glutathione stores and villus heights in malnourished rats but had no preventive effect on bacterial translocation in our model.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of b-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)on performance,nutrient digestibility,organ development,and serum composition in earlyweaned goat kids.S...The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of b-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)on performance,nutrient digestibility,organ development,and serum composition in earlyweaned goat kids.Sixty-four goat kids at 30 d of age were assigned to 4 treatments in a completely randomized design:1)control(basal diet);2)low(basal diet with 3 g/d per animal BHBA);3)medium(basal diet with 6 g/d per animal BHBA;and 4)high(basal diet with 9 g/d per animal BHBA).Subsequently,48(6 kids per treatment)goat kids were randomly selected and slaughtered at 60 and 90 d of age.Compared with the control group,BHBA at low and high doses increased body weight(P<0.05),average daily gain(P<0.01),and average daily starter intake(P<0.01).The BHBA improved organ development,especially at the lowest dose(P<0.01).The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein increased with age(P<0.05).However,BHBA did not affect nutrient digestibility.Compared with the control group,serum ceruloplasmin increased(P<0.05)with high BHBA level at 90 d of age.However,the serum creatinine(P<0.05)increased over time but was not affected by BHBA.The serum total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase decreased with the high dose of BHBA at 90 d of age(P<0.01).In contrast,the serum glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde increased with the high doses of BHBA(P<0.01).Overall,low doses of BHBA were positive for growth performance,organ development,and health status against weaning stress.Whereas high doses of BHBA in the long term could negatively affect antioxidant status.展开更多
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are the major forms of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)in man.Despite some common features,these forms can be distinguished by different genetic predisposition,risk factors and clinical,endoscopic and histological characteristics.The aetiology of both CD and UC remains unknown,but several evidences suggest that CD and perhaps UC are due to an excessive immuneresponse directed against normal constituents of the intestinal bacterial flora.Tests sometimes invasive are routine for the diagnosis and care of patients with IBD.Diagnosis of UC is based on clinical symptoms combined with radiological and endoscopic investigations.The employment of non-invasive biomarkers is needed.These biomarkers have the potential to avoid invasive diagnostic tests that may result in discomfort and potential complications.The ability to determine the type,severity,prognosis and response to therapy of UC,using biomarkers has long been a goal of clinical researchers.We describe the biomarkers assessed in UC,with special reference to acute-phase proteins and serologic markers and thereafter,we describe the new biological markers and the biological markers could be developed in the future:(1)serum markers of acute phase response:The laboratory tests most used to measure the acute-phase proteins in clinical practice are the serum concentration of C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Other biomarkers of inflammation in UC include platelet count,leukocyte count,and serum albumin and serum orosomucoid concentrations;(2)serologic markers/antibodies:In the last decades serological and immunologic biomarkers have been studied extensively in immunology and have been used in clinical practice to detect specific pathologies.In UC,the presence of these antibodies can aid as surrogate markers for the aberrant host immune response;and(3)future biomarkers:The development of biomarkers in UC will be very important in the future.The progress of molecular biology tools(microarrays,proteomic
文摘Inflammation is a multifaceted cellular and molecular response triggered by injury,infection,or various pathological conditions.Serving as a protective defense mechanism,the inflammatory response involves clinical signs like redness,swelling,pain,and increased body temperature.Immune cells,notably neutrophils and macrophages,play key roles in orchestrating this response.The delicate balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators,including cytokines and chemokines,regulates the inflammatory cascade.While acute inflammation is crucial for tissue repair,chronic inflammation may indicate an imbalance,contributing to conditions like autoimmune diseases.Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies and managing chronic diseases.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa integrity,glutathione stores and acute phase response in protein-depleted rats during an inflammatory shock. METHODS: Plasma acute phase proteins (APP),jejunal APP mRNA levels,liver and jejunal glutathione concentrations were measured before and one,three and seven days after turpentine injection in 4 groups of control,protein-restricted,protein-restricted rats supplemented with glutamine or protein powder. Bacterial translocation in mesenteric lymph nodes and intestinal morphology were also assessed. RESULTS: Protein deprivation and turpentine injection significantly reduced jejunal villus height,and crypt depths. Mucosal glutathione concentration significantly decreased in protein-restricted rats. Before turpentine oil,glutamine supplementation restored villus heights and glutathione concentration (3.24 ± 1.05 vs 1.72 ± 0.46 μmol/g tissue,P < 0.05) in the jejunum,whereas in the liver glutathione remained low. Glutamine markedly increased jejunal α1-acid glycoprotein mRNA level after turpentine oil but did not affect its plasma concentration. Bacterial translocation in protein-restricted rats was not prevented by glutamine or protein powder supplementation. CONCLUSION: Glutamine restored gut glutathione stores and villus heights in malnourished rats but had no preventive effect on bacterial translocation in our model.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872385)the National Key R&D Program Projects(2018YFD0501902)。
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of b-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)on performance,nutrient digestibility,organ development,and serum composition in earlyweaned goat kids.Sixty-four goat kids at 30 d of age were assigned to 4 treatments in a completely randomized design:1)control(basal diet);2)low(basal diet with 3 g/d per animal BHBA);3)medium(basal diet with 6 g/d per animal BHBA;and 4)high(basal diet with 9 g/d per animal BHBA).Subsequently,48(6 kids per treatment)goat kids were randomly selected and slaughtered at 60 and 90 d of age.Compared with the control group,BHBA at low and high doses increased body weight(P<0.05),average daily gain(P<0.01),and average daily starter intake(P<0.01).The BHBA improved organ development,especially at the lowest dose(P<0.01).The digestibility of dry matter and crude protein increased with age(P<0.05).However,BHBA did not affect nutrient digestibility.Compared with the control group,serum ceruloplasmin increased(P<0.05)with high BHBA level at 90 d of age.However,the serum creatinine(P<0.05)increased over time but was not affected by BHBA.The serum total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase decreased with the high dose of BHBA at 90 d of age(P<0.01).In contrast,the serum glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde increased with the high doses of BHBA(P<0.01).Overall,low doses of BHBA were positive for growth performance,organ development,and health status against weaning stress.Whereas high doses of BHBA in the long term could negatively affect antioxidant status.
