Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their...Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITNs, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how ap展开更多
MORPAS is a special GIS (geographic information system) software system, based on the MAPGIS platform whose aim is to prospect and evaluate mineral resources quantificationally by synthesizing geological, geophysical,...MORPAS is a special GIS (geographic information system) software system, based on the MAPGIS platform whose aim is to prospect and evaluate mineral resources quantificationally by synthesizing geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing data. It overlays geological database management, geological background and geological abnormality analysis, image processing of remote sensing and comprehensive abnormality analysis, etc.. It puts forward an integrative solution for the application of GIS in basic-level units and the construction of information engineering in the geological field. As the popularization of computer networks and the request of data sharing, it is necessary to extend its functions in data management so that all its data files can be accessed in the network server. This paper utilizes some MAPGIS functions for the second development and ADO (access data object) technique to access multi-source geological data in SQL Server databases. Then remote visiting and congruous management will be realized in the MORPAS system.展开更多
The performance of online analytical processing （OLAP） is critical for meeting the increasing requirements of massive volume analytical applications. Typical techniques, such as in-memory processing, column-storage,...The performance of online analytical processing （OLAP） is critical for meeting the increasing requirements of massive volume analytical applications. Typical techniques, such as in-memory processing, column-storage, and join indexes focus on high perfor- mance storage media, efficient storage models, and reduced query processing. While they effectively perform OLAP applications, there is a vital limitation： main- memory database based OLAP （MMOLAP） cannot provide high performance for a large size data set. In this paper, we propose a novel memory dimension table model, in which the primary keys of the dimension table can be directly mapped to dimensional tuple addresses. To achieve higher performance of dimensional tuple access, we optimize our storage model for dimension tables based on OLAP query workload features. We present directly dimensional tuple accessing （DDTA） based join （DDTA- JOIN）, a technique to optimize query processing on the memory dimension table by direct dimensional tuple access. We also contribute by proposing an optimization of the predicate tree to shorten predicate operation length by pruning useless predicate processing. Our experimental results show that the DDTA-JOIN algorithm is superior to both simulated row-store main memory query processing and the open-source column-store main memory database MonetDB, thanks to the reduced join cost and simple yet efficient query processing.展开更多
Objective: Effective confirmation of pregnancy is a basic component of reproductive health services. It is a determinant for accessing antenatal care (ANC) if the pregnancy is wanted and abortion services if the pregn...Objective: Effective confirmation of pregnancy is a basic component of reproductive health services. It is a determinant for accessing antenatal care (ANC) if the pregnancy is wanted and abortion services if the pregnancy is unwanted. This study examined the effect of urine pregnancy testing in the timing of presentation for pregnancy care. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 women presenting for antenatal care and 300 women presenting for abortion at private sector clinics in Western Nigeria. Results: The median age at first presentation was 20 weeks for ANC clients and 8 weeks for abortion clients. Obtaining urine pregnancy test of one’s accord was associated with a decrease in the gestational age at presentation of 3.7 weeks and 1.5 weeks for antenatal and abortion clients, respectively, independent of all other factors. Conclusion: Bearing in mind that the clinical benefit and public health impact of early presentation for antenatal and abortion services are unequivocal, strategies aimed at decreasing gestational age at presentation for pregnancy care should be given priority. “Fast-track” urine pregnancy testing services should be promoted in the private and public clinics in Nigeria.展开更多
The cooperation of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) has become a promising scenario in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGINs) recently due to their widespread applications,where wireless communication is ...The cooperation of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) has become a promising scenario in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGINs) recently due to their widespread applications,where wireless communication is a basic necessity and is normally categorized into control and nonpayload communication(CNPC) as well as payload communication. In this paper, we attempt to tackle two challenges of UAV communication respectively on establishing reliable CNPC links against the high mobility of UAVs as well as changeable communication conditions, and on offering dynamic resource optimization for Quality-of-Service(QoS) guaranteed payload communication with variable link connectivity. Firstly, we propose the concept of air controlling center(ACC), a virtual application equipped on the infrastructure in SAGINs, which can collect global information for estimating UAV trajectory and communication channels. We then introduce the knapsack problem for modelling resource optimization of UAV communication in order to provide optimal access points for both CNPC and payload communication. Meanwhile, using the air controlling information, predictive decision algorithm and handover strategy are introduced for the reliable connection with multiple access points. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposal ensures an approximate always-on reliable accessing of communication links and outperforms the existing methods against high mobility,sparse distribution, and physical obstacles.展开更多
Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）：AD,a neurodegenerative disorder and a significant cause of dementia throughout the world mostly affects the older adults but sometimes also seen in young age（early state AD）（Agrawal et a...Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）：AD,a neurodegenerative disorder and a significant cause of dementia throughout the world mostly affects the older adults but sometimes also seen in young age（early state AD）（Agrawal et al.,2017）.展开更多
The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital acce...The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital accessing. A questionnaire survey was formulated and distributed online for these research purposes. There were 1,267 responses collected. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square testing and contingency table analyses. Results revealed the following findings. Tagging has already played an important role in Web2.0 communication for China's Web users. China users rely greatly on all kinds of taxonomies in browsing and have also an awareness of them in effective searching. These imply that the classified languages in digital environment may aid Chinese Web users in a more satisfying manner. Highly subject-specific words, especially those from authorized tools, yielded better results in searching. Chinese users have high recognition for related terms. As to the demographic aspect, there is little difference between different genders in the utilization of information retrieval languages. Age may constitute a variable element to a certain degree. Educational background has a complex effect on language utilizations in searching. These research findings characterize China Web users' behaviors in digital information accessing. They also can be potentially valuable for the modeling and further refinement of digital accessing services.展开更多
This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection...This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted idle.Further,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also proposed.Moreover, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional approach.The proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional approach.However, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck problem.An algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time complexities.Furthermore,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.展开更多
To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation ...To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers to the non-automated service who gave basic information during the call. Of the 1049 live-access callers.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITNs, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how ap
文摘MORPAS is a special GIS (geographic information system) software system, based on the MAPGIS platform whose aim is to prospect and evaluate mineral resources quantificationally by synthesizing geological, geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing data. It overlays geological database management, geological background and geological abnormality analysis, image processing of remote sensing and comprehensive abnormality analysis, etc.. It puts forward an integrative solution for the application of GIS in basic-level units and the construction of information engineering in the geological field. As the popularization of computer networks and the request of data sharing, it is necessary to extend its functions in data management so that all its data files can be accessed in the network server. This paper utilizes some MAPGIS functions for the second development and ADO (access data object) technique to access multi-source geological data in SQL Server databases. Then remote visiting and congruous management will be realized in the MORPAS system.
文摘The performance of online analytical processing （OLAP） is critical for meeting the increasing requirements of massive volume analytical applications. Typical techniques, such as in-memory processing, column-storage, and join indexes focus on high perfor- mance storage media, efficient storage models, and reduced query processing. While they effectively perform OLAP applications, there is a vital limitation： main- memory database based OLAP （MMOLAP） cannot provide high performance for a large size data set. In this paper, we propose a novel memory dimension table model, in which the primary keys of the dimension table can be directly mapped to dimensional tuple addresses. To achieve higher performance of dimensional tuple access, we optimize our storage model for dimension tables based on OLAP query workload features. We present directly dimensional tuple accessing （DDTA） based join （DDTA- JOIN）, a technique to optimize query processing on the memory dimension table by direct dimensional tuple access. We also contribute by proposing an optimization of the predicate tree to shorten predicate operation length by pruning useless predicate processing. Our experimental results show that the DDTA-JOIN algorithm is superior to both simulated row-store main memory query processing and the open-source column-store main memory database MonetDB, thanks to the reduced join cost and simple yet efficient query processing.
文摘Objective: Effective confirmation of pregnancy is a basic component of reproductive health services. It is a determinant for accessing antenatal care (ANC) if the pregnancy is wanted and abortion services if the pregnancy is unwanted. This study examined the effect of urine pregnancy testing in the timing of presentation for pregnancy care. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 women presenting for antenatal care and 300 women presenting for abortion at private sector clinics in Western Nigeria. Results: The median age at first presentation was 20 weeks for ANC clients and 8 weeks for abortion clients. Obtaining urine pregnancy test of one’s accord was associated with a decrease in the gestational age at presentation of 3.7 weeks and 1.5 weeks for antenatal and abortion clients, respectively, independent of all other factors. Conclusion: Bearing in mind that the clinical benefit and public health impact of early presentation for antenatal and abortion services are unequivocal, strategies aimed at decreasing gestational age at presentation for pregnancy care should be given priority. “Fast-track” urine pregnancy testing services should be promoted in the private and public clinics in Nigeria.
基金supported by the the National Key Research and Development Program of China under No. 2019YFB1803200National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61620106001。
文摘The cooperation of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) has become a promising scenario in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks(SAGINs) recently due to their widespread applications,where wireless communication is a basic necessity and is normally categorized into control and nonpayload communication(CNPC) as well as payload communication. In this paper, we attempt to tackle two challenges of UAV communication respectively on establishing reliable CNPC links against the high mobility of UAVs as well as changeable communication conditions, and on offering dynamic resource optimization for Quality-of-Service(QoS) guaranteed payload communication with variable link connectivity. Firstly, we propose the concept of air controlling center(ACC), a virtual application equipped on the infrastructure in SAGINs, which can collect global information for estimating UAV trajectory and communication channels. We then introduce the knapsack problem for modelling resource optimization of UAV communication in order to provide optimal access points for both CNPC and payload communication. Meanwhile, using the air controlling information, predictive decision algorithm and handover strategy are introduced for the reliable connection with multiple access points. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposal ensures an approximate always-on reliable accessing of communication links and outperforms the existing methods against high mobility,sparse distribution, and physical obstacles.
文摘Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）：AD,a neurodegenerative disorder and a significant cause of dementia throughout the world mostly affects the older adults but sometimes also seen in young age（early state AD）（Agrawal et al.,2017）.
文摘The paper focuses on the habits of China Web users' language utilization behaviors in accessing the Web. It also seeks to make a general study on the basic nature of language phenomenon with regard to digital accessing. A questionnaire survey was formulated and distributed online for these research purposes. There were 1,267 responses collected. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square testing and contingency table analyses. Results revealed the following findings. Tagging has already played an important role in Web2.0 communication for China's Web users. China users rely greatly on all kinds of taxonomies in browsing and have also an awareness of them in effective searching. These imply that the classified languages in digital environment may aid Chinese Web users in a more satisfying manner. Highly subject-specific words, especially those from authorized tools, yielded better results in searching. Chinese users have high recognition for related terms. As to the demographic aspect, there is little difference between different genders in the utilization of information retrieval languages. Age may constitute a variable element to a certain degree. Educational background has a complex effect on language utilizations in searching. These research findings characterize China Web users' behaviors in digital information accessing. They also can be potentially valuable for the modeling and further refinement of digital accessing services.
文摘This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted idle.Further,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also proposed.Moreover, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional approach.The proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional approach.However, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck problem.An algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time complexities.Furthermore,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.
基金Supported by Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China funded project on Clinical Cessation Interventions speaking tour, establishing and running National Quitline 4008885531developing the new version of clinical smoking cessation guideline (2009)+1 种基金WHO funded projects on Support for Building up Smoke free Health Care Facilities, the Dissemination and Application of Chinese Clinical Smoking Cessation Guidelines, CHN/10/TFI/001131Pilot Project on Capacity Building for Pediatricians and other Child Health Staff,CHN-11-TFI-002716
文摘To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in China's Mainland. The national quitline provides residents in China's Mainland with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers to the non-automated service who gave basic information during the call. Of the 1049 live-access callers.
