The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-anchored cytochromes P450(P450s)are mixedfunction oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic...The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-anchored cytochromes P450(P450s)are mixedfunction oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic and environmental relevance.P450 ER-content and hence function is regulated by their coordinated hemoprotein syntheses and proteolytic turnover.Such P450 proteolytic turnover occurs through a process known as ER-associated degradation(ERAD)that involves ubiquitindependent proteasomal degradation(UPD)and/or autophagic-lysosomal degradation(ALD).Herein,on the basis of available literature reports and our own recent findings of in vitro as well as in vivo experimental studies,we discuss the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of altered P450 ERAD and its plausible clinical relevance.We specifically(i)describe the P450 ERAD-machinery and how it may be repurposed for the generation of antigenic P450 peptides involved in P450 autoantibodypathogenesis in drug-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions and liver injury,or viral hepatitis;(ⅱ)discuss the relevance of accelerated or disrupted P450-ERAD to the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of clinically relevant P450 drug substrates;and(ⅲ)detail the pathophysiological consequences of disrupted P450 ERAD,contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)under certain synergistic cellular conditions.展开更多
为了探讨虫草菌丝(mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis,MCs)改善D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-gal)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老的作用和分子机制,将体外培养的大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)分为正常组(normal group,N),模型组(D-gal model grou...为了探讨虫草菌丝(mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis,MCs)改善D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-gal)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老的作用和分子机制,将体外培养的大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)分为正常组(normal group,N),模型组(D-gal model group,D),低剂量MCs组(low dose of MCs,L-MCs),中剂量MCs组(medium dose of MCs,M-MCs),高剂量MCs组(high dose of MCs,H-MCs),分别进行不同的干预。具体而言,N组加入1%胎牛血清(fetal bovine ser-um,FBS)1 m L;D组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal;L-MCs组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+20 mg·L^(-1)MCs;M-MCs组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+40 mg·L^(-1)MCs;H-MCs组加入100mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+80 mg·L^(-1)MCs。在干预后的24或48 h,首先,观察D-gal对NRK-52E细胞klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平,β-半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase,SA-β-gal)染色以及腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)/不协调的51类激酶1(uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1,ULK1)信号活性的影响;其次,观察MCs对NRK-52E细胞增殖活性的影响;最后,观察MCs对D-gal诱导的NRK-52E细胞klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平,SA-β-gal染色以及哺乳动物同族物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)和AMPK/ULK1信号活性的影响。结果表明,对于NRK-52E细胞,D-gal能引起衰老,并诱导磷酸化AMPK(phosphorylated-AMPK,p-AMPK)和磷酸化ULK1(phosphorylated-ULK1,p-ULK1)蛋白高表达,激活AMPK/ULK1信号通路;中、高剂量MCs与D-gal联合干预能明显改善klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平和SA-β-gal染色程度,具有抗细胞衰老的作用;此外,中、高剂量MCs与D-gal联合干预能明显改善LC3,p-AMPK,p-ULK1蛋白表达水平,抑制AMPK/ULK1信号活性,提高自噬水平。总之,对于D-gal诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老模型,MCs在体外有抗衰老的作用,并且,通过抑制自噬相关AMPK/ULK1信号活性而干预其衰老进程。这可能是MCs抗肾小管上皮细胞衰老的新的分子机制。展开更多
探讨淫羊藿总黄酮(Total flavonoids of Epimedium,TFE)对自然衰老大鼠睾丸组织中AMPK/SIRT1/NFκB信号通路的影响及其抗炎作用。将40只18月龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为TFE低、中、高剂量组和自然衰老组,每组10只。另取10只2月龄雄性SD大鼠作...探讨淫羊藿总黄酮(Total flavonoids of Epimedium,TFE)对自然衰老大鼠睾丸组织中AMPK/SIRT1/NFκB信号通路的影响及其抗炎作用。将40只18月龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为TFE低、中、高剂量组和自然衰老组,每组10只。另取10只2月龄雄性SD大鼠作为青年对照组。TFE低、中、高剂量组分别以10、20、40 mg/kg剂量灌胃给药,青年对照组和自然衰老组大鼠均灌胃给予质量分数为1%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,持续给药4个月。HE染色观察大鼠睾丸组织形态,Western blot法检测各组大鼠睾丸组织中AMPK、p-AMPK、SIRT1、acetylNFκBp65、IL-1β、TNFα蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与自然衰老组相比,TFE低、中、高剂量组大鼠睾丸组织形态结构均有明显改善,TFE可促进大鼠睾丸组织内p-AMPK和SIRT1蛋白表达,显著降低acetyl-NFκBp65及其下游炎症因子IL-1β、TNFα蛋白表达水平。实验结果表明,TFE可减轻自然衰老大鼠睾丸组织炎症反应,其机制可能与调控AMPK/SIRT1/NFκB信号通路有关。展开更多
目的探讨铁皮石斛多糖对缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)诱导星形胶质细胞腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/UNC-51类似自噬激活激酶1(UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase1,ULK1...目的探讨铁皮石斛多糖对缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)诱导星形胶质细胞腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/UNC-51类似自噬激活激酶1(UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase1,ULK1)通路相关自噬的影响。方法体外培养人星形胶质细胞,分为对照组、H/R组(H/R建模)、低浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+100μg·mL-1铁皮石斛多糖)、中浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+200μg·mL^(-1)铁皮石斛多糖)和高浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+400μg·mL^(-1)铁皮石斛多糖)。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;试剂盒测定细胞中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)水平;Westernblotting检测细胞中p-AMPK、AMPK、p-ULK1、ULK1、Beclin1、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(light chain 3,LC3)Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达情况。结果与对照组相比,H/R组星形胶质细胞存活率、细胞中SOD水平及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、细胞中MDA水平及p-AMPK/AMPK、p-ULK1/ULK1、Beclin1蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);随着铁皮石斛多糖的处理及处理浓度的升高,星形胶质细胞存活率、细胞中SOD水平及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、细胞中MDA水平及p-AMPK/AMPK、p-ULK1/ULK1、Beclin1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论铁皮石斛多糖对H/R诱导的星形胶质细胞AMPK/ULK1通路激活及自噬具有抑制作用,可促进细胞存活并减少细胞凋亡。展开更多
基金supported by NIDDK Center Grant DK26743supported by NIH Grants GM44037 and DK26506(USA)to Maria Almira Correia.
文摘The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-anchored cytochromes P450(P450s)are mixedfunction oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic and environmental relevance.P450 ER-content and hence function is regulated by their coordinated hemoprotein syntheses and proteolytic turnover.Such P450 proteolytic turnover occurs through a process known as ER-associated degradation(ERAD)that involves ubiquitindependent proteasomal degradation(UPD)and/or autophagic-lysosomal degradation(ALD).Herein,on the basis of available literature reports and our own recent findings of in vitro as well as in vivo experimental studies,we discuss the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of altered P450 ERAD and its plausible clinical relevance.We specifically(i)describe the P450 ERAD-machinery and how it may be repurposed for the generation of antigenic P450 peptides involved in P450 autoantibodypathogenesis in drug-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions and liver injury,or viral hepatitis;(ⅱ)discuss the relevance of accelerated or disrupted P450-ERAD to the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of clinically relevant P450 drug substrates;and(ⅲ)detail the pathophysiological consequences of disrupted P450 ERAD,contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)under certain synergistic cellular conditions.
文摘为了探讨虫草菌丝(mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis,MCs)改善D-半乳糖(D-galactose,D-gal)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老的作用和分子机制,将体外培养的大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)分为正常组(normal group,N),模型组(D-gal model group,D),低剂量MCs组(low dose of MCs,L-MCs),中剂量MCs组(medium dose of MCs,M-MCs),高剂量MCs组(high dose of MCs,H-MCs),分别进行不同的干预。具体而言,N组加入1%胎牛血清(fetal bovine ser-um,FBS)1 m L;D组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal;L-MCs组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+20 mg·L^(-1)MCs;M-MCs组加入100 mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+40 mg·L^(-1)MCs;H-MCs组加入100mmol·L^(-1)D-gal+80 mg·L^(-1)MCs。在干预后的24或48 h,首先,观察D-gal对NRK-52E细胞klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平,β-半乳糖苷酶(senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase,SA-β-gal)染色以及腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)/不协调的51类激酶1(uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1,ULK1)信号活性的影响;其次,观察MCs对NRK-52E细胞增殖活性的影响;最后,观察MCs对D-gal诱导的NRK-52E细胞klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平,SA-β-gal染色以及哺乳动物同族物微管相关蛋白1轻链3(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,LC3)和AMPK/ULK1信号活性的影响。结果表明,对于NRK-52E细胞,D-gal能引起衰老,并诱导磷酸化AMPK(phosphorylated-AMPK,p-AMPK)和磷酸化ULK1(phosphorylated-ULK1,p-ULK1)蛋白高表达,激活AMPK/ULK1信号通路;中、高剂量MCs与D-gal联合干预能明显改善klotho,P27,P16蛋白表达水平和SA-β-gal染色程度,具有抗细胞衰老的作用;此外,中、高剂量MCs与D-gal联合干预能明显改善LC3,p-AMPK,p-ULK1蛋白表达水平,抑制AMPK/ULK1信号活性,提高自噬水平。总之,对于D-gal诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老模型,MCs在体外有抗衰老的作用,并且,通过抑制自噬相关AMPK/ULK1信号活性而干预其衰老进程。这可能是MCs抗肾小管上皮细胞衰老的新的分子机制。
文摘目的探讨铁皮石斛多糖对缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)诱导星形胶质细胞腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)/UNC-51类似自噬激活激酶1(UNC-51 like autophagy activating kinase1,ULK1)通路相关自噬的影响。方法体外培养人星形胶质细胞,分为对照组、H/R组(H/R建模)、低浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+100μg·mL-1铁皮石斛多糖)、中浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+200μg·mL^(-1)铁皮石斛多糖)和高浓度铁皮石斛多糖组(H/R建模+400μg·mL^(-1)铁皮石斛多糖)。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况;试剂盒测定细胞中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)水平;Westernblotting检测细胞中p-AMPK、AMPK、p-ULK1、ULK1、Beclin1、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(light chain 3,LC3)Ⅰ、LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达情况。结果与对照组相比,H/R组星形胶质细胞存活率、细胞中SOD水平及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、细胞中MDA水平及p-AMPK/AMPK、p-ULK1/ULK1、Beclin1蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);随着铁皮石斛多糖的处理及处理浓度的升高,星形胶质细胞存活率、细胞中SOD水平及LC3Ⅰ/LC3Ⅱ蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、细胞中MDA水平及p-AMPK/AMPK、p-ULK1/ULK1、Beclin1蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论铁皮石斛多糖对H/R诱导的星形胶质细胞AMPK/ULK1通路激活及自噬具有抑制作用,可促进细胞存活并减少细胞凋亡。
