2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)对全球公共卫生造成巨大危机。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)在2020年3月11日宣布COVID-19为全球大流行。目前,新型冠状病毒疫苗研发的技术路线主...2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)对全球公共卫生造成巨大危机。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)在2020年3月11日宣布COVID-19为全球大流行。目前,新型冠状病毒疫苗研发的技术路线主要有灭活疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗和减毒活疫苗,此外,还有运用反向疫苗学和疫苗组学等新兴概念进行疫苗的设计。本文对目前正在研发和临床试验的各类新型冠状病毒疫苗以及研发所面临的挑战作一综述。展开更多
This is a succinct and current review of pertinent literature to guide developing serum therapy as an emergent treatment to save human lives at times of natural or genetically engineered viral/bacterial pandemics. The...This is a succinct and current review of pertinent literature to guide developing serum therapy as an emergent treatment to save human lives at times of natural or genetically engineered viral/bacterial pandemics. The origin of 2019-nCoV and implications of COVID-19 are discussed using direct quotes of published scientific literature to avoid misinterpretation on this very important event that has caused great loss of human lives and international social economy. It is the goal of this review to warn against and to correct international misunderstanding created by deliberate falsification of scientific documentations and events. This misunderstanding may lead to further destruction of life, economy, and political relations. People should not be blind-sighted when making life decisions.展开更多
Background:Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules...Background:Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules.Methods:Multiple databases with relevant studies were searched with an end date of October 31,2021,and a website including a series of Coronavirus disease 2019 studies was examined for studies before March 31,2022.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared different heterologous and homologous regimens among adults that reported immunogenicity and safety outcomes were reviewed.Primary outcomes included neutralizing antibodies against the original strain and serious adverse events(SAEs).A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted using a random-effects model.Results:In all,11 RCTs were included in the systematic review,and nine were ultimately included in the NMA.Among participants who received two doses of CoronaVac,another dose of mRNA or a non-replicating viral vector vaccine resulted in a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than a third CoronaVac 600 sino unit(SU);a dose of BNT162b2 induced the highest geometric mean ratio(GMR)of 15.24,95%confidence interval[CI]:9.53–24.39.Following one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination,a dose of mRNA-1273 generated a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than BNT162b2 alone(GMR=1.32;95%CI:1.06–1.64),NVX-CoV2373(GMR=1.60;95%CI:1.16–2.21),or ChAdOx1(GMR=1.80;95%CI:1.25–2.59).Following one dose of ChAdOx1,a dose of mRNA-1273 was also more effective for improving antibody levels than ChAdOx1(GMR=11.09;95%CI:8.36–14.71)or NVX-CoV2373(GMR=2.87;95%CI:1.08–3.91).No significant difference in the risk for SAEs was found in any comparisons.Conclusions:Relative to vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac,a dose of BNT162b2 as a booster substantially enhances immunogenicity reactions and has a relatively acceptable risk for SAEs relative to other vaccines.For primary vaccination,schedules including mRNA vaccines induce a greater immune 展开更多
文摘2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)对全球公共卫生造成巨大危机。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)在2020年3月11日宣布COVID-19为全球大流行。目前,新型冠状病毒疫苗研发的技术路线主要有灭活疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗和减毒活疫苗,此外,还有运用反向疫苗学和疫苗组学等新兴概念进行疫苗的设计。本文对目前正在研发和临床试验的各类新型冠状病毒疫苗以及研发所面临的挑战作一综述。
文摘This is a succinct and current review of pertinent literature to guide developing serum therapy as an emergent treatment to save human lives at times of natural or genetically engineered viral/bacterial pandemics. The origin of 2019-nCoV and implications of COVID-19 are discussed using direct quotes of published scientific literature to avoid misinterpretation on this very important event that has caused great loss of human lives and international social economy. It is the goal of this review to warn against and to correct international misunderstanding created by deliberate falsification of scientific documentations and events. This misunderstanding may lead to further destruction of life, economy, and political relations. People should not be blind-sighted when making life decisions.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2301601)
文摘Background:Data on the immunogenicity and safety of heterologous immunization schedules are inconsistent.This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous immunization schedules.Methods:Multiple databases with relevant studies were searched with an end date of October 31,2021,and a website including a series of Coronavirus disease 2019 studies was examined for studies before March 31,2022.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared different heterologous and homologous regimens among adults that reported immunogenicity and safety outcomes were reviewed.Primary outcomes included neutralizing antibodies against the original strain and serious adverse events(SAEs).A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted using a random-effects model.Results:In all,11 RCTs were included in the systematic review,and nine were ultimately included in the NMA.Among participants who received two doses of CoronaVac,another dose of mRNA or a non-replicating viral vector vaccine resulted in a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than a third CoronaVac 600 sino unit(SU);a dose of BNT162b2 induced the highest geometric mean ratio(GMR)of 15.24,95%confidence interval[CI]:9.53–24.39.Following one dose of BNT162b2 vaccination,a dose of mRNA-1273 generated a significantly higher level of neutralizing antibody than BNT162b2 alone(GMR=1.32;95%CI:1.06–1.64),NVX-CoV2373(GMR=1.60;95%CI:1.16–2.21),or ChAdOx1(GMR=1.80;95%CI:1.25–2.59).Following one dose of ChAdOx1,a dose of mRNA-1273 was also more effective for improving antibody levels than ChAdOx1(GMR=11.09;95%CI:8.36–14.71)or NVX-CoV2373(GMR=2.87;95%CI:1.08–3.91).No significant difference in the risk for SAEs was found in any comparisons.Conclusions:Relative to vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac,a dose of BNT162b2 as a booster substantially enhances immunogenicity reactions and has a relatively acceptable risk for SAEs relative to other vaccines.For primary vaccination,schedules including mRNA vaccines induce a greater immune
