Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted ...Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted at the Gutian Nature Reserve of Guangdong and along the Wanquan River in Hainan, China show that T. s. elegans is an opportunitic omnivore, consuming a wide variety of food items. Consumption varies throughout its range; more plant material is consumed in Guangdong, compared to a more carnivorous diet in Hainan; and juveniles are also found to have a more carnivorous diet than adults. This implies a high adaptability to new environment. Sympatrie native Mauremys sinensis shows a more herbivorous diet and a narrower niche breadth （0.0260） in Hainan, plus a low niche overlap （0.3048） with T. s. elegans, providing a potential empty niche for the invasive T. s. elegans. Red-eared slider is also known to consume large quantities of native prey species to disrupt the ecological balance. It is imperative to understand the invasive nature of this species and the mechanisms by which it affects native ecology.展开更多
Brain-Computer Interface （BCI） techniques have advanced to a level where it is now eliminating the need lor hand-based activation. This paper presents a novel attempt to remotely control an animal＇s behavior by hum...Brain-Computer Interface （BCI） techniques have advanced to a level where it is now eliminating the need lor hand-based activation. This paper presents a novel attempt to remotely control an animal＇s behavior by human BCI using a hybrid of Event Related Desynchronization （ERD） and Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential （SSVEP） BCI protocols. The turtle was chosen as the target animal, and we developed a head-mounted display, wireless communication, and a specially designed stimulation device for the turtle. These devices could evoke the turtle＇s instinctive escape behavior to guide its moving path, and turtles were remotely controlled in both indoor and outdoor environments. The system architecture and design were presented. To demon- strate the feasibility of the system, experimental tests were performed under various conditions. Our system could act as a framework for future human-animal interaction systems.展开更多
In research on small mobile robots and biomimetic robots, locomotion ability remains a major issue despite many advances in technology. However, evolution has led to there being many real animals capable of exceUent l...In research on small mobile robots and biomimetic robots, locomotion ability remains a major issue despite many advances in technology. However, evolution has led to there being many real animals capable of exceUent locomotion. This paper presents a ＂parasitic robot system＂ whereby locomotion abilities of an animal are applied to a robot task. We chose a turtle as our first host animal and designed a parasitic robot that can perform ＂operant conditioning＂. The parasitic robot, which is attached to the turtle, can induce object-tracking behavior of the turtle toward a Light Emitting Diode （LED） and positively reinforce the behavior through repeated stimulus-response interaction. After training sessions over five weeks, the robot could successfully control the direction of movement of the trained turtles in the waypoint navigation task. This hybrid animal-robot interaction system could provide an alternative solution to some of the limitations of conventional mobile robot systems in various fields, and could also act as a useful interaction system for the behavioral sciences.展开更多
Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryo...Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryonic development and offspring traits in two turtle species, one with parchment-shelled eggs and the other with rigidshelled eggs. Deltamethrin exposure during egg incubation did not affect hatching success and hatchling body size in either species. However, embryonic exposure to deltamethrin resulted in reduced hatchling locomotor performance in the red-eared slider turtle（Trachemys scripta） with parchment-shelled eggs, but not in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle（Chinemys reevesii） with rigid-shelled eggs. These results suggest that parchment-shelled eggs are likely more vulnerable to deltamethrin than rigid-shelled eggs.展开更多
Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immun...Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.展开更多
To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions,...To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at l展开更多
Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research...Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).展开更多
应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分...应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。展开更多
为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较...为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较研究。长期实验控制食物因子,短期实验控制饥饿时间。长期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟食物缺乏组体重特定增长率极显著低于食物充分组(P<0.01),而红耳龟体重特定增长率在两试验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);在食物转化率方面,红耳龟食物缺乏组高于食物充分组,而中华条颈龟却相反。短期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟饥饿组体重特定增长率显著低于对照组(正常饲喂组)(P<0.05),而红耳龟饥饿组体重特定增长率与食物对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);中华条颈龟饥饿组肝重极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),红耳龟肝重两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明红耳龟耐饥饿能力强于中华条颈龟。展开更多
研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红...研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红耳龟的孵化率显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.05),血细胞数量和形态变化明显,0.1mg/LNH4NO3处理组红细胞数和白细胞数分别为(9.68±2.91)×1011个/L和(1.11±0.18)×1010个/L,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),红细胞长短径比(1.71±0.14)与对照组和0.01mg/LNH4NO3处理组差异显著(P<0.05);中华条颈龟血细胞数量和形态在各个处理组间未见显著差异。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟可以通过增加血细胞数量和改变红细胞形态提高免疫力对抗硝酸铵胁迫,提示对环境的适应性强于中华条颈龟。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30910103916)
文摘Although the alien Red-eared slider （Trachemys scripta elegans） is generally argued as an invasive species that competes with native turtles, the field evidence on its diet is controversial. Field studies conducted at the Gutian Nature Reserve of Guangdong and along the Wanquan River in Hainan, China show that T. s. elegans is an opportunitic omnivore, consuming a wide variety of food items. Consumption varies throughout its range; more plant material is consumed in Guangdong, compared to a more carnivorous diet in Hainan; and juveniles are also found to have a more carnivorous diet than adults. This implies a high adaptability to new environment. Sympatrie native Mauremys sinensis shows a more herbivorous diet and a narrower niche breadth （0.0260） in Hainan, plus a low niche overlap （0.3048） with T. s. elegans, providing a potential empty niche for the invasive T. s. elegans. Red-eared slider is also known to consume large quantities of native prey species to disrupt the ecological balance. It is imperative to understand the invasive nature of this species and the mechanisms by which it affects native ecology.
文摘Brain-Computer Interface （BCI） techniques have advanced to a level where it is now eliminating the need lor hand-based activation. This paper presents a novel attempt to remotely control an animal＇s behavior by human BCI using a hybrid of Event Related Desynchronization （ERD） and Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential （SSVEP） BCI protocols. The turtle was chosen as the target animal, and we developed a head-mounted display, wireless communication, and a specially designed stimulation device for the turtle. These devices could evoke the turtle＇s instinctive escape behavior to guide its moving path, and turtles were remotely controlled in both indoor and outdoor environments. The system architecture and design were presented. To demon- strate the feasibility of the system, experimental tests were performed under various conditions. Our system could act as a framework for future human-animal interaction systems.
文摘In research on small mobile robots and biomimetic robots, locomotion ability remains a major issue despite many advances in technology. However, evolution has led to there being many real animals capable of exceUent locomotion. This paper presents a ＂parasitic robot system＂ whereby locomotion abilities of an animal are applied to a robot task. We chose a turtle as our first host animal and designed a parasitic robot that can perform ＂operant conditioning＂. The parasitic robot, which is attached to the turtle, can induce object-tracking behavior of the turtle toward a Light Emitting Diode （LED） and positively reinforce the behavior through repeated stimulus-response interaction. After training sessions over five weeks, the robot could successfully control the direction of movement of the trained turtles in the waypoint navigation task. This hybrid animal-robot interaction system could provide an alternative solution to some of the limitations of conventional mobile robot systems in various fields, and could also act as a useful interaction system for the behavioral sciences.
文摘Deltamethrin is a widespread environmental hormone with endocrine-disrupting properties, but its effect on embryonic development of reptiles is largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of deltamethrin on embryonic development and offspring traits in two turtle species, one with parchment-shelled eggs and the other with rigidshelled eggs. Deltamethrin exposure during egg incubation did not affect hatching success and hatchling body size in either species. However, embryonic exposure to deltamethrin resulted in reduced hatchling locomotor performance in the red-eared slider turtle（Trachemys scripta） with parchment-shelled eggs, but not in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle（Chinemys reevesii） with rigid-shelled eggs. These results suggest that parchment-shelled eggs are likely more vulnerable to deltamethrin than rigid-shelled eggs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160135)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(ZDYF2020194 and 322RC658)the specific research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province.
文摘Red-eared sliders(Trachemys scripta elegans),as one of the 100 most threatening aliens,have stronger immunity than the native species in response to environmental stress.Blood cells are an important component of immunity in the body.However,the blood cell researches of turtle are still in the traditional blood cell classification and morphological structure observation.Furthermore,turtle granulocytes cannot be accurately identified using traditional methods.Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been successfully implemented to study cells based on the mRNA expression patterns of each cell.The present study profiled the transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders to construct a single-cell transcriptional landscape of the different cell types and explored environmental adaptation mechanism from the perspective of hematology.All 14 transcriptionally distinct clusters(platelets,erythrocytes1,erythrocytes2,CSF1R monocytes,POF1B monocytes,neutrophils,GATA2high basophils,GATA2low basophils,CD4 T cells,CD7 T cells,B cells,ACKR4 cells,serotriflin cells,and ficolin cells)were identified in the peripheral blood cells of the red-eared sliders.In particular,a subtype of erythrocytes(erythrocytes1)that expressed immune signals was identified.Peripheral blood cells were grouped into three lineages:platelet,erythroid/lymphoid,and myeloid cell lineages.Furthermore,based on differentiation trajectory and up-regulated gene expression,ACKR4 cells were newly identified as lymphocytes,and serotriflin and ficolin cells as granulocytes.The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the peripheral blood cells in red-eared sliders provided in the present study will offer a comprehensive transcriptome reference for the exploration of physiological and pathological hematology in this species.
基金the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31360642 and 31372228)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.211145)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China (No. 303148)" for financial support
文摘To understand the tolerance to salinity and osmoregulation of the introduced Trachemys scripta elegans, the salinity stress of four groups （salinity 5‰, 15‰, 25‰ and control group） were conducted. Inorganic ions, osmotic pressure, glucose and aldosterone of blood and urine in T. s. elegans （BW： 125.60 ±19.84 g） were analyzed at 30 d, 60 d and 90 d stress. The results showed that： 1） inorganic ions concentration of blood and urine increased with ambient salinity, which indicated that high influx of ions was combined with higher outflow when exposed to saline water in T. s. elegans. However, blood aldosterone decreased with increasing salinity, which indicated that an increased sodium intake resulting in a diminished aldosterone production. However, with elapsed time, inorganic ions in urine decreased, which indicated that inorganic ions in blood would be accumulated, and Na^＋ and Cl^- in the plasma inevitably build up to harmful levels, at last death was happening when T. s. elegans was exposed to salinity 25 during 90 d salinity stress; 2） blood osmotic pressure increased as ambient salinity increased, it would reach 400 mOsm/kg in the group of salinity 25, which was about 1.5 fold of the control group. Higher blood osmotic pressure was due to both higher blood ions and urea concentrations. There may be another mechanism to avoid an excess of NaCl together with an important loss of water using one of the end-products of nitrogen metabolism; 3） blood glucose in each group except the group of salinity 5 decreased with time elapsed and with salinity increased. Therefore, we can conclude that T. s. elegans is an osmoregulator that limits the entry of Na^＋ and Cl^-, but can also tolerate certain degrees of increases in plasma Na^＋ and Cl^-. When ambient salinity was lower than 15‰, T. s. elegans can increase blood osmotic pressure by balancing the entry of NaCl with the secretion of aldosterone decreased, and by accumulating blood urea for osmoregulation effectors, and survive for at l
基金the funding support from the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province([2010]212)Changsha City Science and Technology Project in 2015(k1501024-31)+3 种基金Key Discipline Program of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the P.R.C([2009]30)Key Discipline in Hunan Province([2011]76)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2017JJ3234)Key Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2016SK2033)
文摘Objective This study was conducted to develop an method for identification of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.Methods In this research,an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS)method coupled with Binary Compare tool of UNIFI software was validated to differentiate Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue from Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue.The gelatins were digested enzymatically into peptides using trypsin.The UPLC-QTOF/MS data of the trypsin digested samples was subjected to Binary Compare of UNIFI software in order to screen out the unique peptides.PEAKS■Studio software was utilized to identify the sequence of the marker peptides.Results It was found that m/z 641.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Trachemys scripta elegans(Ba Xi Gui,巴西龟)shell glue,and m/z 649.3 was the marker peptide in samples of Chinemys reevesii(Zhong Hua Cao Gui,中华草龟)shell glue,with possible amino acid sequence of GEAGPSGPAGPTGAR and GESGPSGPAGPTGAR respectively.Conclusions The results will be helpful for the differentiating between these 2 gelatins,and it can be also used for quality control of Tortoise shell glue(Gui Jia Jiao,龟甲胶).
文摘应用5种特异性哺乳动物胃肠激素抗血清,采用卵白素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物(Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex,ABC)免疫组织化学法,对红耳龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)消化道内分泌细胞进行了鉴别和定位研究。结果显示:大多数内分泌细胞呈楔形、梭形或烧瓶形,少数呈圆形或椭圆形。5-羟色胺和生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,分别以胃幽门部和十二指肠、胃体部为最高,在食道和空肠处最低。胰高血糖素和胃泌素细胞均在直肠处密度最高,但分布型不同。血管活性肠肽细胞在胃幽门部密度最高,回肠未见。
文摘为比较外来种红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans与本地种中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis耐饥饿能力强弱,分别于2009年8月～2010年4月和2010年7～8月对外来种红耳龟和本地种中华条颈龟进行耐饥饿能力的长期(8个月)和短期(2个月)实验的比较研究。长期实验控制食物因子,短期实验控制饥饿时间。长期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟食物缺乏组体重特定增长率极显著低于食物充分组(P<0.01),而红耳龟体重特定增长率在两试验组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);在食物转化率方面,红耳龟食物缺乏组高于食物充分组,而中华条颈龟却相反。短期实验结果表明,中华条颈龟饥饿组体重特定增长率显著低于对照组(正常饲喂组)(P<0.05),而红耳龟饥饿组体重特定增长率与食物对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);中华条颈龟饥饿组肝重极显著小于对照组(P<0.01),红耳龟肝重两组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明红耳龟耐饥饿能力强于中华条颈龟。
文摘研究孵化基质中硝酸铵胁迫对红耳龟Trachemys scripta elegans和中华条颈龟Mauremys sinensis孵化及稚龟血液生理指标的影响,采用不同浓度硝酸铵(0mg/L,0.01mg/L,0.1mg/L)处理基质,在(30±0.5)℃下对两种龟卵进行孵化。结果表明:红耳龟的孵化率显著高于中华条颈龟(P<0.05),血细胞数量和形态变化明显,0.1mg/LNH4NO3处理组红细胞数和白细胞数分别为(9.68±2.91)×1011个/L和(1.11±0.18)×1010个/L,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),红细胞长短径比(1.71±0.14)与对照组和0.01mg/LNH4NO3处理组差异显著(P<0.05);中华条颈龟血细胞数量和形态在各个处理组间未见显著差异。对比研究各项指标可知,红耳龟可以通过增加血细胞数量和改变红细胞形态提高免疫力对抗硝酸铵胁迫,提示对环境的适应性强于中华条颈龟。
