Background and aims: Flares are a well known phenomenon during antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Little is known about the effect of flares on response. We investigated the timing and characteristics of fla...Background and aims: Flares are a well known phenomenon during antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Little is known about the effect of flares on response. We investigated the timing and characteristics of flares, in relation to treatment response (hepatitis B e antigen loss). Patients: A total of 266 patients, participating in a global randomised controlled study, were assigned to 52wee ks of 100 μg pegylated (Peg)-interferon a-2b weekly, combined with either dai ly lamivudine 100 mg or placebo. Results: Sixty seven patients (25%) exhibited 75 flares, with 38 (51%) flares in the combination therapy and 37 (49%) in the monotherapy groups. Overall, 30%of patients with and 38%of patients without a flare responded to therapy (p = 0.25). In 24 patients (36%) the flare was foll owed by a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (host induced flare). In 25 (3 8%) patients the flare was preceded by an increase in HBV DNA (virus induced fl are). In 17 (26%) patients the flare did not meet one of these criteria (indete rminate flare). Of patients with host induced flare, 58%responded whereas only 20%of patientswith virus induced flares responded (p = 0.008). Hepatitis B surf ace antigen loss (n = 8) was exclusively seen in patients experiencing a host in duced flare. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that host induced flares was an independent predictor of response (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Flares are not mor e common in responders than in non-responders to Peginterferon α-2b therapy. Virus induced flares, which occur after an increase in HBV DNA level, and most p robably are indicative for increased expression of viral antigens, did not lead to treatment response. In contrast, host induced flares which were followed by a HBV DNA decrease were highly associated with treatment response.展开更多
To determine prevalence and associations of visible lamina cribrosa pores in a n older population and assess whether this feature is associated with open angl e glaucoma (OAG). Case control study nested within a large...To determine prevalence and associations of visible lamina cribrosa pores in a n older population and assess whether this feature is associated with open angl e glaucoma (OAG). Case control study nested within a large, population based c ross sectional study. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 persons (82.4 %of permanent residents of a defined area) aged over 48 years. Stereo optic dis k photographs were taken and graded reliably in a masked fashion. Lamina pore vi sibility was associated with larger vertical cup disk ratio and optic disk diam eter, hyperopic refraction, and male gender. Pores were slightly less visible wi th increasing age. They were visible in 70.8%of subjects with open angle glauc oma but in only 29.3%of normals. This strong association disappeared after adju sting for other variables. Lamina cribrosa pores are commonly visible in glaucom a subjects and less commonly in normals. This association, however, is almost en tirely because of an increased visibility associated with larger vertical cupdis k ratio and optic disk size.展开更多
文摘Background and aims: Flares are a well known phenomenon during antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Little is known about the effect of flares on response. We investigated the timing and characteristics of flares, in relation to treatment response (hepatitis B e antigen loss). Patients: A total of 266 patients, participating in a global randomised controlled study, were assigned to 52wee ks of 100 μg pegylated (Peg)-interferon a-2b weekly, combined with either dai ly lamivudine 100 mg or placebo. Results: Sixty seven patients (25%) exhibited 75 flares, with 38 (51%) flares in the combination therapy and 37 (49%) in the monotherapy groups. Overall, 30%of patients with and 38%of patients without a flare responded to therapy (p = 0.25). In 24 patients (36%) the flare was foll owed by a decrease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (host induced flare). In 25 (3 8%) patients the flare was preceded by an increase in HBV DNA (virus induced fl are). In 17 (26%) patients the flare did not meet one of these criteria (indete rminate flare). Of patients with host induced flare, 58%responded whereas only 20%of patientswith virus induced flares responded (p = 0.008). Hepatitis B surf ace antigen loss (n = 8) was exclusively seen in patients experiencing a host in duced flare. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that host induced flares was an independent predictor of response (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Flares are not mor e common in responders than in non-responders to Peginterferon α-2b therapy. Virus induced flares, which occur after an increase in HBV DNA level, and most p robably are indicative for increased expression of viral antigens, did not lead to treatment response. In contrast, host induced flares which were followed by a HBV DNA decrease were highly associated with treatment response.
文摘To determine prevalence and associations of visible lamina cribrosa pores in a n older population and assess whether this feature is associated with open angl e glaucoma (OAG). Case control study nested within a large, population based c ross sectional study. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 persons (82.4 %of permanent residents of a defined area) aged over 48 years. Stereo optic dis k photographs were taken and graded reliably in a masked fashion. Lamina pore vi sibility was associated with larger vertical cup disk ratio and optic disk diam eter, hyperopic refraction, and male gender. Pores were slightly less visible wi th increasing age. They were visible in 70.8%of subjects with open angle glauc oma but in only 29.3%of normals. This strong association disappeared after adju sting for other variables. Lamina cribrosa pores are commonly visible in glaucom a subjects and less commonly in normals. This association, however, is almost en tirely because of an increased visibility associated with larger vertical cupdis k ratio and optic disk size.
