In this study, alumina, zirconia, manganese oxide/alumina, and manganese oxide/zirconia have been investigated for their catalytic activity in the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and an aldehyde or a ...In this study, alumina, zirconia, manganese oxide/alumina, and manganese oxide/zirconia have been investigated for their catalytic activity in the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and an aldehyde or a ketone to synthesise 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines respectively. Surface area, surface acidity, and morphology of the catalysts have been analysed and correlated with their catalytic activity. The isolated yields of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines are in the range of 30% to 95%. A good correlation between the amount of surface acid sites as well as the surface morphology of the catalysts and the catalytic activity has been observed. This method has been found to be simple and economical. The solid supports could be regenerated and reused without much loss in their activity. Further, the solid supports have been also found to be effective as general catalysts in the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with other substituted aldehydes and ketones.展开更多
Half-sandwich zirconium complex 3 containing tridentate carborane [S,S,O] ligand 2 [(HOC6H2R2-4,6)(CH2)SC(B10H10) C(Ph)2P=S, R=tBu] was synthesized by the reaction of CpZrCl3(Cp=η5-C5H5) with sodium salt of ligand 2....Half-sandwich zirconium complex 3 containing tridentate carborane [S,S,O] ligand 2 [(HOC6H2R2-4,6)(CH2)SC(B10H10) C(Ph)2P=S, R=tBu] was synthesized by the reaction of CpZrCl3(Cp=η5-C5H5) with sodium salt of ligand 2. Zirconium complex 3 was characterized by elemental and NMR analyses. DFT calculations were also performed on complex 3 to analyze the stereochemistry. The results from DFT calculations indicate that structure S1, in which no sulfur atom bonds to the zirconium atom, exists at the lowest energy level. In the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO), complex 3 exhibited good catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization and long life-time up to 10 h. Moreover, the complex 3/MAO system displayed excellent catalytic activities toword ethylene copolymerization with 1-hexene or polar olefins.展开更多
Nano-TiO2 particles with a range of crystallite sizes were synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method,and then used as nanoparticle substrates in the synthesis of LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization...Nano-TiO2 particles with a range of crystallite sizes were synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method,and then used as nanoparticle substrates in the synthesis of LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of ethylene/1-hexene with zirconocene/MMAO catalyst.It was found that the size of the nano-TiO2 crystallite nanoparticles can influence the catalytic activity in the polymerization system.The larger nano-TiO2 crystallites provided better catalytic activity in the polymerization system due to more space for monomer attack.In addition,by thermo-gravimetric analysis,it can be seen that the larger nano-TiO2 crystallites also exhibited lower interaction with available MMAO.Consequently,the MMAO reacted more efficiently with the zirconocene catalyst during the activation process,and enhanced polymerization catalysis.All the polymer nanocomposites products did not have well defined melting temperature indicating non-crystalline polymers.This is due to the high amount of hexene incorporation(based on 13C NMR).The difference in crystallite sizes of the nano-TiO2 also affected how 1-hexene became incorporated into the polymer nanocomposites.The smaller crystallite size of nano-TiO2 allowed greater 1-hexene incorporation due to depression of the reactivity of the ethylene.The contribution of this work helps develop a better understanding of the role of nano-TiO2 in the catalytic activity of the polymerization system and in the microstructure of the polymer composite product.However,this study only considers work on the laboratory scale,so for commercial application of these results,it is necessary to scale up the polymerization process.It is only at this stage,that other physical properties,such as the mechanical properties of these materials can be sensibly determined.展开更多
从锆系催化剂的结构修饰出发,合成了一系列具有Zr（OAr）nCl4-n·m Ar OH（n=1~4,m=0~7）结构的芳氧基锆系催化剂,并研究了锆酚配比及游离Ar OH含量等对乙烯齐聚行为的影响.结果表明,Zr（OPh）3Cl·m Ph OH/TEA/Et Al Cl2催化...从锆系催化剂的结构修饰出发,合成了一系列具有Zr（OAr）nCl4-n·m Ar OH（n=1~4,m=0~7）结构的芳氧基锆系催化剂,并研究了锆酚配比及游离Ar OH含量等对乙烯齐聚行为的影响.结果表明,Zr（OPh）3Cl·m Ph OH/TEA/Et Al Cl2催化体系具有较高的齐聚催化活性[6.8×104g/（mol Zr·h）],所得产物主要为C4~C24的α-烯烃,无高聚物生成.研究发现,游离酚的存在对体系的催化性能有较大影响.该系列芳氧基锆系催化剂可催化乙烯齐聚与Friedel-Crafts烷基化的串联反应,即齐聚反应产物α-烯烃与甲苯溶剂发生烷基化反应而生成多取代芳香烃,压力越大烷基化反应程度越高.展开更多
合成了酚氧基邻位上含有大位阻基团的双[(N-3,5-二枯基亚水杨醛)-2’-甲基环己胺]二氯化锆催化剂(Cat),并将其应用于乙烯均聚制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。研究了以甲苯为溶剂,不同助催化剂、n(Al)/n(Zr)、聚合时间、聚合温度条件下,...合成了酚氧基邻位上含有大位阻基团的双[(N-3,5-二枯基亚水杨醛)-2’-甲基环己胺]二氯化锆催化剂(Cat),并将其应用于乙烯均聚制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。研究了以甲苯为溶剂,不同助催化剂、n(Al)/n(Zr)、聚合时间、聚合温度条件下,对Cat催化乙烯的聚合活性、UHMWPE相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,Cat在以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或烷基铝为助催化剂,n(Al)/n(Zr)=50000,聚合时间为2h,聚合温度为50℃的条件下可高效催化乙烯聚合获得UHMWPE,催化活性大于200×10~6 g PE/mol Zr;尤其在三甲基铝(TMA)助催化剂的存在下,可获得黏均相对分子质量达到8×10~6的UHMWPE。展开更多
文摘In this study, alumina, zirconia, manganese oxide/alumina, and manganese oxide/zirconia have been investigated for their catalytic activity in the condensation reaction between o-phenylenediamine and an aldehyde or a ketone to synthesise 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines respectively. Surface area, surface acidity, and morphology of the catalysts have been analysed and correlated with their catalytic activity. The isolated yields of 2-substituted benzimidazoles and 1,5-disubstituted benzodiazepines are in the range of 30% to 95%. A good correlation between the amount of surface acid sites as well as the surface morphology of the catalysts and the catalytic activity has been observed. This method has been found to be simple and economical. The solid supports could be regenerated and reused without much loss in their activity. Further, the solid supports have been also found to be effective as general catalysts in the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with other substituted aldehydes and ketones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91122017, 21374019)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (13JC1400600, 13DZ2275200)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1117)
文摘Half-sandwich zirconium complex 3 containing tridentate carborane [S,S,O] ligand 2 [(HOC6H2R2-4,6)(CH2)SC(B10H10) C(Ph)2P=S, R=tBu] was synthesized by the reaction of CpZrCl3(Cp=η5-C5H5) with sodium salt of ligand 2. Zirconium complex 3 was characterized by elemental and NMR analyses. DFT calculations were also performed on complex 3 to analyze the stereochemistry. The results from DFT calculations indicate that structure S1, in which no sulfur atom bonds to the zirconium atom, exists at the lowest energy level. In the presence of methylaluminoxane(MAO), complex 3 exhibited good catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization and long life-time up to 10 h. Moreover, the complex 3/MAO system displayed excellent catalytic activities toword ethylene copolymerization with 1-hexene or polar olefins.
基金the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) for its support of the DBG52-B Jongsomjit Project
文摘Nano-TiO2 particles with a range of crystallite sizes were synthesized by a conventional sol-gel method,and then used as nanoparticle substrates in the synthesis of LLDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization of ethylene/1-hexene with zirconocene/MMAO catalyst.It was found that the size of the nano-TiO2 crystallite nanoparticles can influence the catalytic activity in the polymerization system.The larger nano-TiO2 crystallites provided better catalytic activity in the polymerization system due to more space for monomer attack.In addition,by thermo-gravimetric analysis,it can be seen that the larger nano-TiO2 crystallites also exhibited lower interaction with available MMAO.Consequently,the MMAO reacted more efficiently with the zirconocene catalyst during the activation process,and enhanced polymerization catalysis.All the polymer nanocomposites products did not have well defined melting temperature indicating non-crystalline polymers.This is due to the high amount of hexene incorporation(based on 13C NMR).The difference in crystallite sizes of the nano-TiO2 also affected how 1-hexene became incorporated into the polymer nanocomposites.The smaller crystallite size of nano-TiO2 allowed greater 1-hexene incorporation due to depression of the reactivity of the ethylene.The contribution of this work helps develop a better understanding of the role of nano-TiO2 in the catalytic activity of the polymerization system and in the microstructure of the polymer composite product.However,this study only considers work on the laboratory scale,so for commercial application of these results,it is necessary to scale up the polymerization process.It is only at this stage,that other physical properties,such as the mechanical properties of these materials can be sensibly determined.
文摘从锆系催化剂的结构修饰出发,合成了一系列具有Zr（OAr）nCl4-n·m Ar OH（n=1~4,m=0~7）结构的芳氧基锆系催化剂,并研究了锆酚配比及游离Ar OH含量等对乙烯齐聚行为的影响.结果表明,Zr（OPh）3Cl·m Ph OH/TEA/Et Al Cl2催化体系具有较高的齐聚催化活性[6.8×104g/（mol Zr·h）],所得产物主要为C4~C24的α-烯烃,无高聚物生成.研究发现,游离酚的存在对体系的催化性能有较大影响.该系列芳氧基锆系催化剂可催化乙烯齐聚与Friedel-Crafts烷基化的串联反应,即齐聚反应产物α-烯烃与甲苯溶剂发生烷基化反应而生成多取代芳香烃,压力越大烷基化反应程度越高.
文摘合成了酚氧基邻位上含有大位阻基团的双[(N-3,5-二枯基亚水杨醛)-2’-甲基环己胺]二氯化锆催化剂(Cat),并将其应用于乙烯均聚制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)。研究了以甲苯为溶剂,不同助催化剂、n(Al)/n(Zr)、聚合时间、聚合温度条件下,对Cat催化乙烯的聚合活性、UHMWPE相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,Cat在以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或烷基铝为助催化剂,n(Al)/n(Zr)=50000,聚合时间为2h,聚合温度为50℃的条件下可高效催化乙烯聚合获得UHMWPE,催化活性大于200×10~6 g PE/mol Zr;尤其在三甲基铝(TMA)助催化剂的存在下,可获得黏均相对分子质量达到8×10~6的UHMWPE。
