将甘薯渣添加到小麦粉中,研究甘薯渣粉添加量对馒头品质的影响,并对甘薯渣混合粉馒头的品质进行改良。结果表明:随着甘薯渣粉的添加,甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积和亮度呈现降低的趋势,其质构特性指标中硬度、咀嚼性均显著增加,弹性、黏...将甘薯渣添加到小麦粉中,研究甘薯渣粉添加量对馒头品质的影响,并对甘薯渣混合粉馒头的品质进行改良。结果表明:随着甘薯渣粉的添加,甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积和亮度呈现降低的趋势,其质构特性指标中硬度、咀嚼性均显著增加,弹性、黏聚性显著降低。以混合粉质量200 g为基准,当甘薯渣添加量为6%时,甘薯渣混合粉馒头感官评分最高,为(83.4±0.76)。添加固态油脂可对混合粉馒头品质进行改良,结果表明添加固态油脂后甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积、质构特性及感官评分等指标均有明显的改善。以混合粉质量200 g为基准,当固态油脂添加量为3%时,甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积最大,为(2.72±0.02) m L/g,且感官评分最高,为(91.80±0.13)。展开更多
Based on measurements at the Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower,this study reports an analysis of atmospheric stability conditions and turbulent exchange during consecutive episodes of particle air pollution in Beijin...Based on measurements at the Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower,this study reports an analysis of atmospheric stability conditions and turbulent exchange during consecutive episodes of particle air pollution in Beijing(China),primarily due to haze and dust events(15–30 April 2012).Of particular interest were relevant vertical variations within the lower urban boundary layer(UBL).First,the haze and dust events were characterized by different atmospheric conditions,as quite low wind speed and high humidity are typically observed during haze events.In addition,for the description of stability conditions,the bulk Richardson number(RiB) was calculated for three different height intervals: 8–47,47–140,and 140–280 m.The values of RiB indicated an apparent increase in the occurrence frequency of stably-stratified air layers in the upper height interval—for the 140–280-m height interval,positive values of RiB occurred for about 85% of the time.The downward turbulent exchange of sensible heat was observed at 280 m for the full diurnal cycle,which,by contrast,was rarely seen at 140 m during daytime.These results reinforce the importance of implementing high-resolution UBL profile observations and addressing issues related to stably-stratified flows.展开更多
文摘将甘薯渣添加到小麦粉中,研究甘薯渣粉添加量对馒头品质的影响,并对甘薯渣混合粉馒头的品质进行改良。结果表明:随着甘薯渣粉的添加,甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积和亮度呈现降低的趋势,其质构特性指标中硬度、咀嚼性均显著增加,弹性、黏聚性显著降低。以混合粉质量200 g为基准,当甘薯渣添加量为6%时,甘薯渣混合粉馒头感官评分最高,为(83.4±0.76)。添加固态油脂可对混合粉馒头品质进行改良,结果表明添加固态油脂后甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积、质构特性及感官评分等指标均有明显的改善。以混合粉质量200 g为基准,当固态油脂添加量为3%时,甘薯渣混合粉馒头的质量体积最大,为(2.72±0.02) m L/g,且感官评分最高,为(91.80±0.13)。
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2014CB447900)Xiaofeng GUO acknowledges the support of the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.LAPC-KF-2009-02)
文摘Based on measurements at the Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower,this study reports an analysis of atmospheric stability conditions and turbulent exchange during consecutive episodes of particle air pollution in Beijing(China),primarily due to haze and dust events(15–30 April 2012).Of particular interest were relevant vertical variations within the lower urban boundary layer(UBL).First,the haze and dust events were characterized by different atmospheric conditions,as quite low wind speed and high humidity are typically observed during haze events.In addition,for the description of stability conditions,the bulk Richardson number(RiB) was calculated for three different height intervals: 8–47,47–140,and 140–280 m.The values of RiB indicated an apparent increase in the occurrence frequency of stably-stratified air layers in the upper height interval—for the 140–280-m height interval,positive values of RiB occurred for about 85% of the time.The downward turbulent exchange of sensible heat was observed at 280 m for the full diurnal cycle,which,by contrast,was rarely seen at 140 m during daytime.These results reinforce the importance of implementing high-resolution UBL profile observations and addressing issues related to stably-stratified flows.
