为了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池在潮湿环境中的稳定性,采用一步法,通过在DMF中混合(EDA)I_2、(FA)I和Pb I_2,将乙二胺离子引入钙钛矿晶格,成功制备了一种具有较高稳定性的二维片层状的钙钛矿结构薄膜。通过原位掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)、X射...为了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池在潮湿环境中的稳定性,采用一步法,通过在DMF中混合(EDA)I_2、(FA)I和Pb I_2,将乙二胺离子引入钙钛矿晶格,成功制备了一种具有较高稳定性的二维片层状的钙钛矿结构薄膜。通过原位掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外–可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等方法检测分析(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]在低湿度及高湿度环境下的结构、形貌以及光学性能变化。结果表明:制备的(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]薄膜在相同湿度环境下比当前广泛应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的甲胺铅碘薄膜(CH_3NH_3PbI_3)稳定性更高;薄膜的光学带隙约为1.67 e V,与太阳能电池最佳带隙比较接近。另外,(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]薄膜在可见光范围吸光性能较好;薄膜的粗糙度很小,适合制备太阳能电池,而且,成本较硅基太阳能电池低廉,在分子水平较CH_3NH_3PbI_3的可调谐性更大,使钙钛矿太阳能电池在未来大面积应用成为可能。展开更多
Mo/Si multilayers were fabricated by using magnetron sputtering method at different background pressures:6×10-5 Torr,3×10-5 Torr,and 3×10-6 Torr.The reflectivity of the Mo/Si multilayers increased from ...Mo/Si multilayers were fabricated by using magnetron sputtering method at different background pressures:6×10-5 Torr,3×10-5 Torr,and 3×10-6 Torr.The reflectivity of the Mo/Si multilayers increased from 1.93% to 16.63%,and the center wavelength revealed a blue shift to 0.12 nm with the decrease of background pressure.Grazing incident X-ray diffraction(GIXRD) indicated that multilayers fabricated at high background pressure possessed better periodic structure and thinner Mo-on-Si interlayers.Low crystallization degree in(110) preferred the orientation of Mo layers and serious interdiffusion in the Mo/Si multilayers fabricated at low background pressure were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).According to quantitative analysis of microstructural parameters,the Mo layers thickness and thickness ratio of Mo/Si multilayers both decreased and approached the design value gradually by the decrease of background pressure.In addition,the thicknesses of Mo-on-Si and Si-on-Mo interlayers were 1.17 nm and 0.85 nm respectively.It is suggested that the influence of background pressures on the microstructure has a critical role in determining the optical properties of Mo/Si multilayers.展开更多
Microstructure and oxidation behavior of modified Ni-16Mo-7Cr-4Fe alloys by yttrium microalloying were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, grazing incident Xray diffraction ...Microstructure and oxidation behavior of modified Ni-16Mo-7Cr-4Fe alloys by yttrium microalloying were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, grazing incident Xray diffraction and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. M6 C and Ni17Y2 phases were observed and the amount of Ni17Y2 increased with yttrium concentration. When the yttrium concentration increased to 0.43 wt.%,some Ni17Y2 chains and multi phase regions containing Ni17Y2, M6 C and γ phase appeared, which is harmful for the oxidation resistance. The alloy containing 0.05 wt.% yttrium showed the best oxidation resistance, which derives its oxidation resistance from the adequate concentration of yttrium in the solid-solution(γ phase), the formation of the protective layer of YCr O3 and chromia oxide and the strengthening effect of yttrium on oxide boundaries.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11405253,U1332205)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS and the Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(14DZ2261200)
文摘为了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池在潮湿环境中的稳定性,采用一步法,通过在DMF中混合(EDA)I_2、(FA)I和Pb I_2,将乙二胺离子引入钙钛矿晶格,成功制备了一种具有较高稳定性的二维片层状的钙钛矿结构薄膜。通过原位掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外–可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等方法检测分析(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]在低湿度及高湿度环境下的结构、形貌以及光学性能变化。结果表明:制备的(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]薄膜在相同湿度环境下比当前广泛应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的甲胺铅碘薄膜(CH_3NH_3PbI_3)稳定性更高;薄膜的光学带隙约为1.67 e V,与太阳能电池最佳带隙比较接近。另外,(EDA)(FA)_2[Pb_3I_(10)]薄膜在可见光范围吸光性能较好;薄膜的粗糙度很小,适合制备太阳能电池,而且,成本较硅基太阳能电池低廉,在分子水平较CH_3NH_3PbI_3的可调谐性更大,使钙钛矿太阳能电池在未来大面积应用成为可能。
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No.50671042)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics (Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences) (Grant No.201004)the Ph.D.Innovation Programs Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.CXZZ12_0671)
文摘Mo/Si multilayers were fabricated by using magnetron sputtering method at different background pressures:6×10-5 Torr,3×10-5 Torr,and 3×10-6 Torr.The reflectivity of the Mo/Si multilayers increased from 1.93% to 16.63%,and the center wavelength revealed a blue shift to 0.12 nm with the decrease of background pressure.Grazing incident X-ray diffraction(GIXRD) indicated that multilayers fabricated at high background pressure possessed better periodic structure and thinner Mo-on-Si interlayers.Low crystallization degree in(110) preferred the orientation of Mo layers and serious interdiffusion in the Mo/Si multilayers fabricated at low background pressure were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).According to quantitative analysis of microstructural parameters,the Mo layers thickness and thickness ratio of Mo/Si multilayers both decreased and approached the design value gradually by the decrease of background pressure.In addition,the thicknesses of Mo-on-Si and Si-on-Mo interlayers were 1.17 nm and 0.85 nm respectively.It is suggested that the influence of background pressures on the microstructure has a critical role in determining the optical properties of Mo/Si multilayers.
基金Supported by the program of International S&T Cooperation(No.2014D FG60230)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51371189 and 51371188)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commis sion of Shanghai Municipality(No.11JC1414900)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry
文摘Microstructure and oxidation behavior of modified Ni-16Mo-7Cr-4Fe alloys by yttrium microalloying were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, grazing incident Xray diffraction and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. M6 C and Ni17Y2 phases were observed and the amount of Ni17Y2 increased with yttrium concentration. When the yttrium concentration increased to 0.43 wt.%,some Ni17Y2 chains and multi phase regions containing Ni17Y2, M6 C and γ phase appeared, which is harmful for the oxidation resistance. The alloy containing 0.05 wt.% yttrium showed the best oxidation resistance, which derives its oxidation resistance from the adequate concentration of yttrium in the solid-solution(γ phase), the formation of the protective layer of YCr O3 and chromia oxide and the strengthening effect of yttrium on oxide boundaries.
