Capillary columns are used in both capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. The design for capillary liquid chromatography is discussed in comparison with capillary gas chromatography. The ...Capillary columns are used in both capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. The design for capillary liquid chromatography is discussed in comparison with capillary gas chromatography. The difference of diffusion coefficient in gas and liquid phase is a key role. The study for obtaining a high performance capillary liquid chromatography is discussed. Capillary electrochromatography is recently interesting for its instinct ability to realize a high performance chromatography. Capillary electrochromatography with and without pressurized flow is reviewed briefly. Instrumentation for capillary electrochromatography with pressurized flow is discussed. The port of splitting, and gradient elution of both solution and potential are described. The new findings of both the variation of column resistance and capacity factor according to the value of applied electric voltage are also discussed.展开更多
目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素降糖的疗效和安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的前瞻性队列研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结...目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素降糖的疗效和安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的前瞻性队列研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果:根据纳入排除标准共纳入8篇符合标准的文献,包括466例患者,8项研究NOS评分均大于8分。Meta分析的结果表明,在降低HbA1c水平方面无针注射器组优于胰岛素笔组[MD=-1.05,95%CI(-1.88,-0.22),P=0.01];在降低FBG、早餐后2 h BG和2 h PG方面,无针注射器组显著优于胰岛素笔组[MD=-1.37,95%CI(-1.82,-0.92),P <0.00001;MD=-1.14,95%CI(-1.49,-0.78),P <0.00001;MD=-2.26,95%CI(-3.04,-1.48),P <0.000 01]。在安全性方面,低血糖发生率、注射后疼痛和出血/瘀斑发生率,无针注射器组和胰岛素笔组比较差异无统计学意义[RR=0.30,95%CI(0.08,1.06),P=0.06;RR=0.33,95%CI(0.07,1.58),P=0.17;RR=0.39,95%CI(0.01,19.86),P=0.64],但注射后发生红肿硬结的发生率,无针注射器组少于胰岛素笔组[RR=0.26,95%CI(0.08,0.82),P=0.02]。结论:用无针注射器注射胰岛素可以提高疗效,减少红肿硬结的发生。展开更多
目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素的安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的自身对照研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果:根据纳入...目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素的安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的自身对照研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果:根据纳入排除标准共纳入2篇符合标准的文献,共64例患者,无针注射969例次,胰岛素笔注射889例次。Meta分析的结果表明,用无针注射器注射胰岛素后疼痛发生率、发生红肿硬结事件、药物残留率远远小于胰岛素笔,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.000 01),仅出血/瘀斑发生率与胰岛素笔组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.57)。结论:无针注射器注射胰岛素可以减少疼痛、红肿硬结的发生率,药物残留少。展开更多
文摘Capillary columns are used in both capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. The design for capillary liquid chromatography is discussed in comparison with capillary gas chromatography. The difference of diffusion coefficient in gas and liquid phase is a key role. The study for obtaining a high performance capillary liquid chromatography is discussed. Capillary electrochromatography is recently interesting for its instinct ability to realize a high performance chromatography. Capillary electrochromatography with and without pressurized flow is reviewed briefly. Instrumentation for capillary electrochromatography with pressurized flow is discussed. The port of splitting, and gradient elution of both solution and potential are described. The new findings of both the variation of column resistance and capacity factor according to the value of applied electric voltage are also discussed.
文摘目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素降糖的疗效和安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的前瞻性队列研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果:根据纳入排除标准共纳入8篇符合标准的文献,包括466例患者,8项研究NOS评分均大于8分。Meta分析的结果表明,在降低HbA1c水平方面无针注射器组优于胰岛素笔组[MD=-1.05,95%CI(-1.88,-0.22),P=0.01];在降低FBG、早餐后2 h BG和2 h PG方面,无针注射器组显著优于胰岛素笔组[MD=-1.37,95%CI(-1.82,-0.92),P <0.00001;MD=-1.14,95%CI(-1.49,-0.78),P <0.00001;MD=-2.26,95%CI(-3.04,-1.48),P <0.000 01]。在安全性方面,低血糖发生率、注射后疼痛和出血/瘀斑发生率,无针注射器组和胰岛素笔组比较差异无统计学意义[RR=0.30,95%CI(0.08,1.06),P=0.06;RR=0.33,95%CI(0.07,1.58),P=0.17;RR=0.39,95%CI(0.01,19.86),P=0.64],但注射后发生红肿硬结的发生率,无针注射器组少于胰岛素笔组[RR=0.26,95%CI(0.08,0.82),P=0.02]。结论:用无针注射器注射胰岛素可以提高疗效,减少红肿硬结的发生。
文摘目的:系统评估应用无针注射器与胰岛素笔注射胰岛素的安全性。方法:按照纳入和排除标准,计算机检索无针注射器与胰岛素笔的自身对照研究文献。对所纳入文献进行质量评价及提取资料后,采用Rev Man 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。结果:根据纳入排除标准共纳入2篇符合标准的文献,共64例患者,无针注射969例次,胰岛素笔注射889例次。Meta分析的结果表明,用无针注射器注射胰岛素后疼痛发生率、发生红肿硬结事件、药物残留率远远小于胰岛素笔,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.000 01),仅出血/瘀斑发生率与胰岛素笔组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.57)。结论:无针注射器注射胰岛素可以减少疼痛、红肿硬结的发生率,药物残留少。
