This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusio...This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s^(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s^(-1).展开更多
There are two kinds of recurrence relations for the spherical functions Pml. The first are those with the same m but different l. Thesecond are those with the same l but different m. The spheroidal functions are exten...There are two kinds of recurrence relations for the spherical functions Pml. The first are those with the same m but different l. Thesecond are those with the same l but different m. The spheroidal functions are extensions of the spherical functions. Recurrencerelations of the first kind are obtained for the spheroidal functions in recent studies. Using the shape invariance method in super-symmetric quantum mechanics, we investigate the second type of recurrence relations for the spheroidal functions. The resultsshow that the second kind of recurrence relation can not be extended to the spheroidal functions.展开更多
Using adiabatic invariance and the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule we investigate the entropy spectroscopy of two black holes of heterotic string theory,the charged GMGHS and the rotating Sen solutions.It is shown t...Using adiabatic invariance and the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule we investigate the entropy spectroscopy of two black holes of heterotic string theory,the charged GMGHS and the rotating Sen solutions.It is shown that the entropy spectrum is equally spaced in both cases,identically to the spectrum obtained before for Schwarzschild,Reissner-Nordstr？m and Kerr black holes.Since the adiabatic invariance method does not use quasinormal mode analysis,there is no need to impose the small charge or small angular momentum limits and there is no confusion on whether the real part or the imaginary part of the modes is responsible for the entropy spectrum.展开更多
本实验是采取碱变性方法从重组大肠杆菌中提取质粒 DNA,并用 EcoR I,BamH I 两种限制性内切酶对质粒 DNA 进行适当酶切,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳对 DNA 酶切图谱加以鉴定。通过在紫外灯下观察电泳结果,证实利用碱变性方法提取质粒,同时...本实验是采取碱变性方法从重组大肠杆菌中提取质粒 DNA,并用 EcoR I,BamH I 两种限制性内切酶对质粒 DNA 进行适当酶切,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳对 DNA 酶切图谱加以鉴定。通过在紫外灯下观察电泳结果,证实利用碱变性方法提取质粒,同时通过酚氟仿抽提,得到的质粒 DNZ 纯度比较高。并且证实酶切图谱与预计相符。从而说明在一般工厂的实验条件下可以进行操作。展开更多
基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(201510010218)National Key Project for Basic Research(973 project)(2015CB452802)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41675019,41475014,41475061,41675021 and 41475102)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA11010403)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2016A030310009)
文摘This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s^(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10875018)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB923200)
文摘There are two kinds of recurrence relations for the spherical functions Pml. The first are those with the same m but different l. Thesecond are those with the same l but different m. The spheroidal functions are extensions of the spherical functions. Recurrencerelations of the first kind are obtained for the spheroidal functions in recent studies. Using the shape invariance method in super-symmetric quantum mechanics, we investigate the second type of recurrence relations for the spheroidal functions. The resultsshow that the second kind of recurrence relation can not be extended to the spheroidal functions.
基金Supported by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Hermes Project Code 13038
文摘Using adiabatic invariance and the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule we investigate the entropy spectroscopy of two black holes of heterotic string theory,the charged GMGHS and the rotating Sen solutions.It is shown that the entropy spectrum is equally spaced in both cases,identically to the spectrum obtained before for Schwarzschild,Reissner-Nordstr？m and Kerr black holes.Since the adiabatic invariance method does not use quasinormal mode analysis,there is no need to impose the small charge or small angular momentum limits and there is no confusion on whether the real part or the imaginary part of the modes is responsible for the entropy spectrum.
文摘本实验是采取碱变性方法从重组大肠杆菌中提取质粒 DNA,并用 EcoR I,BamH I 两种限制性内切酶对质粒 DNA 进行适当酶切,然后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳对 DNA 酶切图谱加以鉴定。通过在紫外灯下观察电泳结果,证实利用碱变性方法提取质粒,同时通过酚氟仿抽提,得到的质粒 DNZ 纯度比较高。并且证实酶切图谱与预计相符。从而说明在一般工厂的实验条件下可以进行操作。
