Adsorption is one of the most widely applied techniques for environmental remediation. Its kinetics are of great significance to evaluate the performance of a given adsorbent and gain insight into the underlying mecha...Adsorption is one of the most widely applied techniques for environmental remediation. Its kinetics are of great significance to evaluate the performance of a given adsorbent and gain insight into the underlying mechanisms. There are lots of references available concerning adsorption kinetics, and several mathematic models have been developed to describe adsorption reaction and diffusion processes. However, these models were frequently employed to fit the kinetic data in an unsuitable or improper manner. This is mainly because the boundary conditions of the associated models were, to a considerable extent, ignored for data modeling. Here we reviewed several widely-used adsorption kinetic models and paid more attention to their boundary conditions. We believe that the review is of certain significance and improvement for adsorption kinetic modeling.展开更多
本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉...本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉石温度计中只有 Ravna(2000)的版本能较好的再现相平衡实验数据。(2)将石榴石-单斜辉石温度计应用于含 X_(Jd)>0.55绿辉石的榴辉岩中会出现很大的误差。(3)Green and Hellman(1982)的石榴石-多硅白云母温度计计算的高压含多硅白云母榴辉岩变质温度普遍偏高,但是计算超高压榴辉岩的结果能较好的与 Ravna(2000)的石榴石-单斜辉石温度计计算结果保持一致。(4)Waters and Martin(1993)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母压力计、Ravna and Terry(2004)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母-蓝晶石-柯石英/石英温压计的精度都受到了 Holland(1990)的单斜辉石活度模型的限制,它们不能适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩,而 Waters and Manin(1996)对 Waters and Martin(1993)的版本做了一个经验校正,弥补了单斜辉石活度模型的缺陷,因此可以适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩。(5)Nakamura and Banno(1997)的石榴石-绿辉石-蓝晶石-柯石英温压计因运用了不恰当的石榴石和铁钙辉石的活度模型,从而使得计算结果与岩相学观察结果不一致。因此,我们建议:对于绿辉石 X_(Jd)<0.55的多硅白云母榴辉岩,可以运用 Waters and Martin(1993)压力计和 Ravna(2000)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含高硬玉组分(X_(Jd)>0.55)绿辉石的超高压多硅白云母榴辉岩,可选用 Waters and Martin(1996)压力计和 Green andHellman(1982)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含有石榴石+绿辉石+蓝晶石+柯石英矿物组合的榴辉岩,在 X_(Jd)<0.55的情况下。可选用 Ravna and Terry(2004)的温压计求解温压。在应用这些温压计时,应注意各温压计的适用温压范围和成分范围,尤其是石展开更多
The equilibrium and kinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) extraction resin for adsorption and separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied under the different conditions of acidity,initial total concentrations ...The equilibrium and kinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) extraction resin for adsorption and separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied under the different conditions of acidity,initial total concentrations of zirconium and hafnium and temperature.The equilibrium data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm,and the Freundlich isotherm constants(KF) are 3.53 and 0.64 mg/g,respectively.The equilibrium data of zirconium also fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the saturation adsorption capacity(Qmax) and the Langmuir isotherm constant(KL)are 75.93 mg/g and-0.012 7 L/g,respectively.The obtained kinetic data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to fit the HO pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the rate constants of pseudo-second-order equation(k2) are-0.019 and 0.41 g/(mg·min),respectively.Column tests show that the MIBK extraction resin could be used as efficient adsorbent material for separating hafnium from zirconium.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20504012)the New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (No. NCET-07-0421)
文摘Adsorption is one of the most widely applied techniques for environmental remediation. Its kinetics are of great significance to evaluate the performance of a given adsorbent and gain insight into the underlying mechanisms. There are lots of references available concerning adsorption kinetics, and several mathematic models have been developed to describe adsorption reaction and diffusion processes. However, these models were frequently employed to fit the kinetic data in an unsuitable or improper manner. This is mainly because the boundary conditions of the associated models were, to a considerable extent, ignored for data modeling. Here we reviewed several widely-used adsorption kinetic models and paid more attention to their boundary conditions. We believe that the review is of certain significance and improvement for adsorption kinetic modeling.
文摘本文通过再现相平衡实验数据和检查热力学活度模型两种手段,对榴辉岩中几种常用的温压计进行了检验,发现榴辉岩中某些常用温压计存在以下问题:(1)在 Eliis and Green(1979)、Powell(1985)、Krogh(1988)和 Ravna(2000)四种石榴石-单斜辉石温度计中只有 Ravna(2000)的版本能较好的再现相平衡实验数据。(2)将石榴石-单斜辉石温度计应用于含 X_(Jd)>0.55绿辉石的榴辉岩中会出现很大的误差。(3)Green and Hellman(1982)的石榴石-多硅白云母温度计计算的高压含多硅白云母榴辉岩变质温度普遍偏高,但是计算超高压榴辉岩的结果能较好的与 Ravna(2000)的石榴石-单斜辉石温度计计算结果保持一致。(4)Waters and Martin(1993)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母压力计、Ravna and Terry(2004)的石榴石-单斜辉石-多硅白云母-蓝晶石-柯石英/石英温压计的精度都受到了 Holland(1990)的单斜辉石活度模型的限制,它们不能适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩,而 Waters and Manin(1996)对 Waters and Martin(1993)的版本做了一个经验校正,弥补了单斜辉石活度模型的缺陷,因此可以适用于绿辉石 X_(Jd)>0.55的榴辉岩。(5)Nakamura and Banno(1997)的石榴石-绿辉石-蓝晶石-柯石英温压计因运用了不恰当的石榴石和铁钙辉石的活度模型,从而使得计算结果与岩相学观察结果不一致。因此,我们建议:对于绿辉石 X_(Jd)<0.55的多硅白云母榴辉岩,可以运用 Waters and Martin(1993)压力计和 Ravna(2000)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含高硬玉组分(X_(Jd)>0.55)绿辉石的超高压多硅白云母榴辉岩,可选用 Waters and Martin(1996)压力计和 Green andHellman(1982)的温度计联合求解温压;对于含有石榴石+绿辉石+蓝晶石+柯石英矿物组合的榴辉岩,在 X_(Jd)<0.55的情况下。可选用 Ravna and Terry(2004)的温压计求解温压。在应用这些温压计时,应注意各温压计的适用温压范围和成分范围,尤其是石
文摘The equilibrium and kinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) extraction resin for adsorption and separation of zirconium and hafnium were studied under the different conditions of acidity,initial total concentrations of zirconium and hafnium and temperature.The equilibrium data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm,and the Freundlich isotherm constants(KF) are 3.53 and 0.64 mg/g,respectively.The equilibrium data of zirconium also fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,and the saturation adsorption capacity(Qmax) and the Langmuir isotherm constant(KL)are 75.93 mg/g and-0.012 7 L/g,respectively.The obtained kinetic data of both zirconium and hafnium are found to fit the HO pseudo-second-order kinetic model,and the rate constants of pseudo-second-order equation(k2) are-0.019 and 0.41 g/(mg·min),respectively.Column tests show that the MIBK extraction resin could be used as efficient adsorbent material for separating hafnium from zirconium.
