新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,时常有人把它比作"黑天鹅"事件,包括《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》一书的作者雷德·戴蒙德。~①这恐怕是一种严重的误解。新冠肺炎在发生之初,绝不是"黑天鹅"事件;中国政府在疫情初期的应对,比应...新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,时常有人把它比作"黑天鹅"事件,包括《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》一书的作者雷德·戴蒙德。~①这恐怕是一种严重的误解。新冠肺炎在发生之初,绝不是"黑天鹅"事件;中国政府在疫情初期的应对,比应对"黑天鹅"事件要困难得多,因为它属于"深度不确定条件下的决策"(decision-making under deep uncertainty,简称DMDU)。展开更多
Traditional compartmental models such as SIR(susceptible,infected,recovered)assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population,but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous.Employing a more ...Traditional compartmental models such as SIR(susceptible,infected,recovered)assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population,but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous.Employing a more realistic model that considers heterogeneous contact is consequently necessary.Here,we use a contact network to reconstruct unprotected,protected contact,and airborne spread to simulate the two-stages outbreak of COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)on the‘‘Diamond Princess"cruise ship.We employ Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to estimate the model parameters and quantify the uncertainties by the ensemble simulation technique.During the early epidemic with intensive social contacts,the results reveal that the average transmissibility t was 0.026 and the basic reproductive number R0 was 6.94,triple that in the WHO report,indicating that all people would be infected in one month.The t and R0 decreased to 0.0007 and 0.2 when quarantine was implemented.The reconstruction suggests that diluting the airborne virus concentration in closed settings is useful in addition to isolation,and high-risk susceptible should follow rigorous prevention measures in case exposed.This study can provide useful implications for control and prevention measures for the other cruise ships and closed settings.展开更多
文摘新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,时常有人把它比作"黑天鹅"事件,包括《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》一书的作者雷德·戴蒙德。~①这恐怕是一种严重的误解。新冠肺炎在发生之初,绝不是"黑天鹅"事件;中国政府在疫情初期的应对,比应对"黑天鹅"事件要困难得多,因为它属于"深度不确定条件下的决策"(decision-making under deep uncertainty,简称DMDU)。
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19070104)13th Five-year Informatization Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XXH13505-06)+1 种基金Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y851D41)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801270)。
文摘Traditional compartmental models such as SIR(susceptible,infected,recovered)assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population,but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous.Employing a more realistic model that considers heterogeneous contact is consequently necessary.Here,we use a contact network to reconstruct unprotected,protected contact,and airborne spread to simulate the two-stages outbreak of COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)on the‘‘Diamond Princess"cruise ship.We employ Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to estimate the model parameters and quantify the uncertainties by the ensemble simulation technique.During the early epidemic with intensive social contacts,the results reveal that the average transmissibility t was 0.026 and the basic reproductive number R0 was 6.94,triple that in the WHO report,indicating that all people would be infected in one month.The t and R0 decreased to 0.0007 and 0.2 when quarantine was implemented.The reconstruction suggests that diluting the airborne virus concentration in closed settings is useful in addition to isolation,and high-risk susceptible should follow rigorous prevention measures in case exposed.This study can provide useful implications for control and prevention measures for the other cruise ships and closed settings.
