OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL： We retr...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL： We retrieved data from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure （1979-2012）, Wanfang （1980-2012）, VIP （1989-2012）, Chinese Biomedical Literature （1975- 2012）, PubMed （1966-2012）, Ovid Lww （-2012）, and Cochrane Library （-2012） Database using the internet. SELECTION CRITERIA： Randomized controlled trials on filiform needle acupuncture versus antidepressant drugs for treatment of poststroke depression were included. Moreover, the in- cluded articles scored at least 4 points on the Jadad scale. Exclusion criteria： other acupuncture therapies as treatment group, not stroke-induced depression patients, score 〈 4 points, non-ran- domized controlled trials, or animal trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： These were the Hamilton Depression Scale scores, clinical ef- fective rate, Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, Side Effect Rating Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reaction and events. RESULTS： A total of 17 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Meta-analysis results displayed that after 4 weeks of treatment, clinical effective rate was better in patients treated with fill- form needle acupuncture than those treated with simple antidepressant drugs [relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.03-1.21, P = 0.01]. At 6 weeks, clinical effective rate was similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. At 2 weeks after filiform needle acupuncture, Hamilton Depression Scale （17 items） scores were lower than in the antide- pressant drug group （mean difference = -2.34, 95%CI： -3.46 to -1.22, P 〈 0.000,1）. At 4 weeks, Hamilton Depression Scale （24 items） scores were similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were lower in filiform needle展开更多
A natural{211}-type zircon has been first dis-covered in the Pingtan gabbro in the Fujian Province,which is a new type of morphology reported in magmatic zircons.Investigation of morphology and trace-element chemistry...A natural{211}-type zircon has been first dis-covered in the Pingtan gabbro in the Fujian Province,which is a new type of morphology reported in magmatic zircons.Investigation of morphology and trace-element chemistry shows two distinct growth stages,Stage 1 and Stage 2.The{211}-type zircon is the earliest crystallized phase of Stage 1 zircon.The low Hf contents and extreme depletion in U,Th and Y indicate that Stage 1 zircon was approximately in equilibration with melt during the crystallization,so that they are regarded as crystallized phase in deeper magmatic chamber.The Zr-saturated gabbroic magma is demonstrated to be derived from mantle magmas by differentiation.The magma differentiation and zircon crystallization at the lower crust level indicate the existence of underplating of mantle magma beneath this area,which results in strong magmatic activities in the late Mesozoic.展开更多
Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as ...Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.展开更多
Indium oxide(In_2O_3) has demonstrated to be an effective non-noble metal catalyst for methanol steam reforming reaction(MSR).However, the reaction mechanism of MSR and crucial structure-activity relations determining...Indium oxide(In_2O_3) has demonstrated to be an effective non-noble metal catalyst for methanol steam reforming reaction(MSR).However, the reaction mechanism of MSR and crucial structure-activity relations determining the catalytic performance of In_2O_3 are still not fully understood yet. Using density functional theory(DFT) calculation, we systematically investigate the MSR process over a high-index In_2O_3(211) and a favoured catalytic cycle of MSR is determined. The results show that In_2O_3(211) possesses excellent dehydrogenation and oxidizing ability, on which CH_3 OH can readily adsorb on the In4 c site and be easily activated by the reactive lattice oxygens, resulting in a total oxidation into CO_2 rather than CO, while the H_2 formation through surface H–H coupling limits the overall MSR activity because of the strong H adsorption on the two-coordinated lattice O(O_(2c)). Our analyses show that the relatively inert three-coordinated lattice O(O_(3c)) could play an important catalytic role. To uncover the influence of the local coordination of surface In atoms and lattice O on the catalytic activity, we evaluate the activity trend of several types of In_2O_3 surfaces including(211),(111), and(100) by examining the rate-limiting, which reveals the following activity order:(211)>(111)>(100). These findings provide an in-depth understanding on the MSR reaction mechanism over In_2O_3 catalysts and some basic structure-activity relations at the atomic scale, could facilitate the rational design of In_2O_3-based catalysts for MSR by controlling the local coordination environment of surface active sites.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial"211 Engineering"Stage-III Key Disciplines Construction Project in China,No.Yue 2009431
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of filiform needle acupuncture for poststroke depression, and to compare acupuncture with the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs. DATA RETRIEVAL： We retrieved data from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure （1979-2012）, Wanfang （1980-2012）, VIP （1989-2012）, Chinese Biomedical Literature （1975- 2012）, PubMed （1966-2012）, Ovid Lww （-2012）, and Cochrane Library （-2012） Database using the internet. SELECTION CRITERIA： Randomized controlled trials on filiform needle acupuncture versus antidepressant drugs for treatment of poststroke depression were included. Moreover, the in- cluded articles scored at least 4 points on the Jadad scale. Exclusion criteria： other acupuncture therapies as treatment group, not stroke-induced depression patients, score 〈 4 points, non-ran- domized controlled trials, or animal trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： These were the Hamilton Depression Scale scores, clinical ef- fective rate, Self-Rating Depression Scale scores, Side Effect Rating Scale scores, and incidence of adverse reaction and events. RESULTS： A total of 17 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Meta-analysis results displayed that after 4 weeks of treatment, clinical effective rate was better in patients treated with fill- form needle acupuncture than those treated with simple antidepressant drugs [relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.03-1.21, P = 0.01]. At 6 weeks, clinical effective rate was similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. At 2 weeks after filiform needle acupuncture, Hamilton Depression Scale （17 items） scores were lower than in the antide- pressant drug group （mean difference = -2.34, 95%CI： -3.46 to -1.22, P 〈 0.000,1）. At 4 weeks, Hamilton Depression Scale （24 items） scores were similar between filiform needle acupuncture and antidepressant drug groups. Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were lower in filiform needle
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.49672103).
文摘A natural{211}-type zircon has been first dis-covered in the Pingtan gabbro in the Fujian Province,which is a new type of morphology reported in magmatic zircons.Investigation of morphology and trace-element chemistry shows two distinct growth stages,Stage 1 and Stage 2.The{211}-type zircon is the earliest crystallized phase of Stage 1 zircon.The low Hf contents and extreme depletion in U,Th and Y indicate that Stage 1 zircon was approximately in equilibration with melt during the crystallization,so that they are regarded as crystallized phase in deeper magmatic chamber.The Zr-saturated gabbroic magma is demonstrated to be derived from mantle magmas by differentiation.The magma differentiation and zircon crystallization at the lower crust level indicate the existence of underplating of mantle magma beneath this area,which results in strong magmatic activities in the late Mesozoic.
文摘Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21333003,21622305)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20150131)+1 种基金"Shu Guang"project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(13SG30)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WJ616007)
文摘Indium oxide(In_2O_3) has demonstrated to be an effective non-noble metal catalyst for methanol steam reforming reaction(MSR).However, the reaction mechanism of MSR and crucial structure-activity relations determining the catalytic performance of In_2O_3 are still not fully understood yet. Using density functional theory(DFT) calculation, we systematically investigate the MSR process over a high-index In_2O_3(211) and a favoured catalytic cycle of MSR is determined. The results show that In_2O_3(211) possesses excellent dehydrogenation and oxidizing ability, on which CH_3 OH can readily adsorb on the In4 c site and be easily activated by the reactive lattice oxygens, resulting in a total oxidation into CO_2 rather than CO, while the H_2 formation through surface H–H coupling limits the overall MSR activity because of the strong H adsorption on the two-coordinated lattice O(O_(2c)). Our analyses show that the relatively inert three-coordinated lattice O(O_(3c)) could play an important catalytic role. To uncover the influence of the local coordination of surface In atoms and lattice O on the catalytic activity, we evaluate the activity trend of several types of In_2O_3 surfaces including(211),(111), and(100) by examining the rate-limiting, which reveals the following activity order:(211)>(111)>(100). These findings provide an in-depth understanding on the MSR reaction mechanism over In_2O_3 catalysts and some basic structure-activity relations at the atomic scale, could facilitate the rational design of In_2O_3-based catalysts for MSR by controlling the local coordination environment of surface active sites.
