Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we es- tablished the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven s...Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we es- tablished the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the ^(137)Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the ^(137)Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63±44.91 to 1279.54±166.53 Bq·m^(-2), and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1) accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using 137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and aband...Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using 137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km?2·a?1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm·a?1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t·km?2·a?1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not in- duce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.展开更多
探讨三江源区高寒草地生态系统土壤侵蚀问题在保障青藏高原乃至全球生态和生产功能方面具有重要意义。以^(137)Cs示踪法为基础,结合RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)模型,以GIS反演为手段,综合分析三江源区2001-2012年土壤...探讨三江源区高寒草地生态系统土壤侵蚀问题在保障青藏高原乃至全球生态和生产功能方面具有重要意义。以^(137)Cs示踪法为基础,结合RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)模型,以GIS反演为手段,综合分析三江源区2001-2012年土壤侵蚀影响因子的特征和土壤侵蚀空间分布规律。结果表明,1)土壤侵蚀影响因子呈现空间异质性特征,降雨侵蚀力因子年际浮动变化较大,但总体呈上升态势;土壤可蚀性因子呈斑块化分布特征,较高可蚀性类占到总面积的95.66%;坡度坡长因子的空间分布规律受海拔显著影响;植被覆盖与管理因子在研究区自西北向东南呈现空间异质性特点,过度放牧是引起下垫面侵蚀现象严重的主要原因。2)对RUSLE模型的验证显示相关系数和平均均方根偏差分别为0.49和75.29%,RUSLE模型估算存在一定的高估,在没有形成三江源区高寒草地土壤侵蚀机理模型前,应用RUSLE模型仍然是较好的现实选择之一。3)利用RUSLE模型估算的三江源2001-2012年平均侵蚀量为3.1×109 t/年,侵蚀强度分级重心转移分析表明中度侵蚀、强度和极强度侵蚀重心相对集中,侵蚀程度最高的3个地区为格尔木市唐古拉乡、治多县和兴海县。4)由土壤流失量结合市场价值法,估算出研究区2001-2012年平均有机质经济损失价值为114354元/km2,总年均经济损失达399亿元,整个研究区受土壤侵蚀现象所产生的经济损失数额巨大。因此,创新发展三江源区高寒草地"分类、分级、分段、分区"的土壤侵蚀防治措施已迫在眉睫。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40571130)the Key Project of International Cooperation, CAS (Grant No. GJHZ06)+1 种基金the Director Foundation of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research, CAS (Grant Nos. 06W60000SZ and 06W60001SZ)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, CAS (Grant No. WL2005001)
文摘Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we es- tablished the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the ^(137)Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the ^(137)Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63±44.91 to 1279.54±166.53 Bq·m^(-2), and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1) accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40571130 and 40701150)the Key Project of International Cooperation, CAS (Grant No. GJHZ06)+3 种基金the Scientific Database of CAS (Grant No. INF105-SDB-A3)the Director Foundation of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research, CAS (Grant Nos. 06W60000SZ and 06W60001SZ)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, CAS (Grant No. WL2005001)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China (Grant Nos. 200608010602)
文摘Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using 137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km?2·a?1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm·a?1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t·km?2·a?1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not in- duce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.
