Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remain...Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to high rates of lung cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a higher risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among existing coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity.展开更多
将家用空调作为为研究对象,在清单分析的基础上运用Ga Bi6软件对其进行生命周期碳排放评估。结果表明:该款家用空调全生命周期碳排放总量为5159.31 kg CO_2equiv,其中使用阶段排放最多(96.07%),原材料阶段次之,运输阶段最少。此外通过...将家用空调作为为研究对象,在清单分析的基础上运用Ga Bi6软件对其进行生命周期碳排放评估。结果表明:该款家用空调全生命周期碳排放总量为5159.31 kg CO_2equiv,其中使用阶段排放最多(96.07%),原材料阶段次之,运输阶段最少。此外通过不确定性及敏感性分析得知影响空调碳排放的主要因素为使用阶段耗电量、制冷功率、制冷剂的泄漏率,材料环境属性。展开更多
文摘Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to high rates of lung cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a higher risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among existing coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as gas and electricity.
文摘将家用空调作为为研究对象,在清单分析的基础上运用Ga Bi6软件对其进行生命周期碳排放评估。结果表明:该款家用空调全生命周期碳排放总量为5159.31 kg CO_2equiv,其中使用阶段排放最多(96.07%),原材料阶段次之,运输阶段最少。此外通过不确定性及敏感性分析得知影响空调碳排放的主要因素为使用阶段耗电量、制冷功率、制冷剂的泄漏率,材料环境属性。
