The temporal dynamics of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra following stroke remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the dynamic changes in autophagy and apoptosis in the penumbr...The temporal dynamics of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra following stroke remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the dynamic changes in autophagy and apoptosis in the penumbra to provide insight into potential therapeutic targets for stroke.An adult Sprague-Dawley rat model of permanent ischemic stroke was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the penumbra post-ischemia were evaluated by western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3,respectively.Levels of both LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3 in the penumbra gradually increased within 5 hours post-ischemia.Thereafter,levels of both proteins declined,especially LC3-Ⅱ.The cerebral infarct volume increased slowly 1–4 hours after ischemia,but subsequently increased rapidly until 5 hours after ischemia.The severity of the neurological deficit was positively correlated with infarct volume.LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3 levels were high in the penumbra within 5 hours after ischemia,and after that,levels of these proteins decreased at different rates.LC3-Ⅱ levels were reduced to a very low level,but cleaved caspase-3 levels remained high 72 hours after ischemia.These results indicate that there are temporal differences in the activation status of the autophagic and apoptotic pathways.This suggests that therapeutic targeting of these pathways should take into consideration their unique temporal dynamics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between oval cells and primary hepatocarcinoma and the expression of c-kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in oval cells of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHOD...OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between oval cells and primary hepatocarcinoma and the expression of c-kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in oval cells of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: A hundred and twenty clean SD rats were divided into three groups: normal group, cancer-induction group and intervention group. The normal group was fed with standard forage while the rest two groups were fed with 3'-methyl-2-methylamino-azobenzene (DAB) to induce carcinoma for 14 weeks and then fed with standard forage and water. Uscharidin was injected abdominally to the intervention group from the first week to the 14th week. All rats were killed and biopsy specimens were taken from the left and right liver lobes for immunohistochemical staining of c-kit and PCNA on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, and 24th week. RESULTS: From the 2nd to 14th week after liver infection, c-kit positive cells, mainly oval cells were found in the portal area in the carcinoma-induction group and dotted positive pigmentations in liver lobules. In the 22nd week, a large number of cancerous nodes occurred and nuclei heteromorphi-m was apparent; the number of positive cell decreased but positive cells could be sparsely observed in cancerous nodes. In the 2nd week of the carcinoma-induction process, PCNA positive cells were oval cells in the portal area. In the 4th week, a lot of hepatic cells were positively stained, especially in the central vein area. In the 6th week, PCNA positive cells could be seen in the lobules of the liver. In the 8th week, the number of PCNA cells decreased comparatively. From the 10th to 14th week, oval cells in the portal area were still over-expressed. From the 16th to 24th week, a large number of cancerous nodes occurred and PCNA was over-expressed in some of them. In necrotic cancerous nodes, the para-cancerous PCNA positive cells were sparsely distributed and their number was less than that of PCNA positive cells of cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic展开更多
Excess activation and expression of large-conductance Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ channels（BKCa channels） may be an important mechanism for delayed neuronal death after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Electroacupunc...Excess activation and expression of large-conductance Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ channels（BKCa channels） may be an important mechanism for delayed neuronal death after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Electroacupuncture can regulate BKCa channels after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Model rats received electroacupuncture of 1 m A and 2 Hz at Shuigou（GV26） for 10 minutes, once every 12 hours for a total of six times in 72 hours. We found that in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats, ischemic changes in the cerebral cortex were mitigated after electroacupuncture. Moreover, BKCa channel protein and m RNA expression were reduced in the cerebral cortex and neurological function noticeably improved. These changes did not occur after electroacupuncture at a non-acupoint（5 mm lateral to the left side of Shuigou）. Thus, our findings indicate that electroacupuncture at Shuigou improves neurological function in rats following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may be associated with down-regulation of BKCa channel protein and m RNA expression. Additionally, our results suggest that the Shuigou acupoint has functional specificity.展开更多
Dear Editors,Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in size,shape,color,physiology,and behavior,between male and female individuals of the same species（Mei and Gui,2015）.Some studies have indicated that the ...Dear Editors,Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in size,shape,color,physiology,and behavior,between male and female individuals of the same species（Mei and Gui,2015）.Some studies have indicated that the traits of sexual dimorphism in vertebrates are the consequences of sex-biased gene expression and are controlled by multiple critical genes during growth and development（Williams and Carroll,2009）.However,the exact molecular mechanism underlying sexual dimorphism remains unclear.展开更多
Heat shock protein 70（HSP70） maintains Ca^2＋ homeostasis in PC12 cells,which may protect against apoptosis;however,the mechanisms of neuroprotection are unclear.Therefore,in this study,we examined Ca^2＋ levels in ...Heat shock protein 70（HSP70） maintains Ca^2＋ homeostasis in PC12 cells,which may protect against apoptosis;however,the mechanisms of neuroprotection are unclear.Therefore,in this study,we examined Ca^2＋ levels in PC12 cells transfected with an exogenous lentiviral HSP70 gene expression construct,and we subsequently subjected the cells to ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.HSP70 overexpression increased neuronal viability and ATPase activity,and it decreased cellular reactive oxygen species levels and intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration after hypoxia/reoxygenation.HSP70 overexpression enhanced the protein and m RNA expression levels of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2＋-ATPase（SERCA）,but it decreased the protein and m RNA levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor（IP3R）,thereby leading to decreased intracellular Ca^2＋concentration after ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation.These results suggest that exogenous HSP70 protects against ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury,at least in part,by maintaining cellular Ca^2＋ homeostasis,by upregulating SERCA expression and by downregulating IP_3 R expression.展开更多
To the Editor: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral painless visual loss and a swollen optic disc, is the most common form of acute optic neuropathy i...To the Editor: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral painless visual loss and a swollen optic disc, is the most common form of acute optic neuropathy in patients over 50 years of age.[1] The pathogenesis of NAION remains unclear, but most histopathological studies support the concept of vasculopathic occlusion in the region of the short posterior ciliary arteries.[2] Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most widely used non-invasive techniques for measuring brain function over time in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, only one study has investigated the effects of stimulating the affected eye in the extra-visual areas in NAION in humans.[3]However, this previous study only examined task-state fMRI, and lacked a measure of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Thus, it remains unclear whether regional spontaneous brain changes are limited to the visual system.展开更多
Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 k Da（SNAP-25） is localized on the synapse and participates in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Decreased expression of SNAP-25 is associated with Alzheimer＇s disease and a...Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 k Da（SNAP-25） is localized on the synapse and participates in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Decreased expression of SNAP-25 is associated with Alzheimer＇s disease and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the expression of SNAP-25 in spinal cord contusion injury is still unclear. We hypothesized that SNAP-25 is associated with sensory and locomotor functions after spinal cord injury. We established rat models of spinal cord contusion injury to detect gene changes with a gene array. A decreased level of SNAP-25 was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury. SNAP-25 was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons of the anterior and posterior horns, which are involved in locomotor and sensory functions. Our data suggest that reduced levels of SNAP-25 are associated with sensory and locomotor functions in rats with spinal cord contusion injury.展开更多
Background Aldosterone blockers could reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarction（MI） patients by regulating hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel（HCN） expression...Background Aldosterone blockers could reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarction（MI） patients by regulating hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel（HCN） expression.But the mechanism underling HCN expression is unclear.Methods Eighteen rats surviving 24 hours postMI were randomly divided into 3 groups：MI,spironolactone,and spironolactone ＋ antagomir-133（mi RNA-133suppression）.Sham group rats had a suture loosely tied around the left coronary artery,without ligation.HCN2 and HCN4 protein and m RNA level,and mi RNA-133 level in the border zone of post-MI 1 week myocardium were measured.Results Spironolactone significantly increased mi RNA-133 levels and down-regulated HCN2 and HCN4 at both m RNA and protein levels in post-MI border zone myocardium.Antagomir-133 reduced the effects of spironolactone on HCN2 and HCN4 protein levels.Conclusions The results suggest that mi RNA-133 is involved in spironolactone induced HCN expression,and partially contributed to post-MI ventricular arrhythmias.展开更多
Brief-pulse stimulation at 50 Hz has been shown to terminate afterdischarges observed in epilepsy patients. However, the optimal pulse stimulation parameters for terminating cortical electrical stimulation-induced aft...Brief-pulse stimulation at 50 Hz has been shown to terminate afterdischarges observed in epilepsy patients. However, the optimal pulse stimulation parameters for terminating cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of different brief-pulse stimulation frequencies（5, 50 and 100 Hz） on cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges in 10 patients with refractory epilepsy. Results demonstrated that brief-pulse stimulation could terminate cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges in refractory epilepsy patients. In conclusion,（1） a brief-pulse stimulation was more effective when the afterdischarge did not extend to the surrounding brain area.（2） A higher brief-pulse stimulation frequency（especially 100 Hz） was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge.（3） A low current intensity of brief-pulse stimulation was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis（MS） is an autoimmune mediated neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and oligodendrocyte（OL） loss in the central nervous system and accompanied by local inflammation and infilt...Multiple sclerosis（MS） is an autoimmune mediated neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and oligodendrocyte（OL） loss in the central nervous system and accompanied by local inflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Although many risk factors and symptoms have been identified in MS, the pathology is complicated and the cause remains unknown. It is also unclear whether OL apoptosis precedes the inflammation or whether the local inflammation is the cause of OL death and demyelination. This review briefly discusses several models that have been developed to specifically ablate oligodendrocytes in an effort to separate the effects of demyelination from inflammation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p27<sup>kipl</sup>,retinoblastinoma protein （Rb protein）, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） on the genesis...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p27<sup>kipl</sup>,retinoblastinoma protein （Rb protein）, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） on the genesis andprogression of human pancreatic cancer.METHODS: The expression of p27<sup>kipl</sup>, Rb protein and PCNA in the tumor tissue and adjacent tissue of32 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique.RESULTS: The p27<sup>kipl</sup> protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue of pancreatic cancer was56.25%, which was lower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. p27<sup>kipl</sup> proteinpositive-expression was correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）. The Rb gene protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue was 50%, which was alsolower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05 ）. The PCNA positive-expression rate was71.87%, which was higher than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. PCNA positive-expression was also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）.CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p27<sup>kipl</sup>, Rb protein and over-expression of PCNA may playan important role in the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and te...Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and techniques,e.g.,dynamic force spectroscopy（DFS）,have been applied to probe the complex at single-bond level,the discrepancies in the loading rate dependence of bond rupture force were found in the assays,presumably due to the different pathways in energy landscape and binding kinetics of molecular complexes<sup>[2]</sup>.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here an optical trap（OT）assay was used to quantify the bond rupture at r<sub>f</sub>≤20 pN/s展开更多
Sulfur dioxide is now the principal air pollutant in China. Its harmful effects on plants have been studied for nearly one hundred years, but the mechanism of injury still remains unclear. SO2 has been generally taken...Sulfur dioxide is now the principal air pollutant in China. Its harmful effects on plants have been studied for nearly one hundred years, but the mechanism of injury still remains unclear. SO2 has been generally taken as a reducing air pollutant. It is oxidized to sulfate after entering leaf cells. The toxicity of SO4= is much less than that of either SO3= or HSO3-. Therefore this oxidation has been展开更多
The village of Dafen is famous as the "world's art factory," but many of its painters face unclear employment prospects as they dream of one day making original art
I.INTRODUCTION On February 10,2012,International Intellectual Property Alliance released the 2012 Special Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement,which mentioned that article 9 of the Regulations for the Protec...I.INTRODUCTION On February 10,2012,International Intellectual Property Alliance released the 2012 Special Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement,which mentioned that article 9 of the Regulations for the Protection of the Right of Communication through the Information Network1(hereinafter referred to as RPRCIN)has certain unclear or overbroad terms,which may be incompatible with the Trips Agreement.展开更多
On June 15,Ganfeng Lithium issued an announcement on the production progress of its subsidiary,the Australian RIM.This is also a response to public doubt on the lithium supply capacity of the Mt Marion lithium project...On June 15,Ganfeng Lithium issued an announcement on the production progress of its subsidiary,the Australian RIM.This is also a response to public doubt on the lithium supply capacity of the Mt Marion lithium project the company has participated in.According to the announcement,the Mt Marion lithium project was officially put into production in February,and as of June 15,展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81460351the Doctoral Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology of China,No.KKSY201360112the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education of China,No.2014Y070
文摘The temporal dynamics of neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra following stroke remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the dynamic changes in autophagy and apoptosis in the penumbra to provide insight into potential therapeutic targets for stroke.An adult Sprague-Dawley rat model of permanent ischemic stroke was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion.Neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in the penumbra post-ischemia were evaluated by western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3,respectively.Levels of both LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3 in the penumbra gradually increased within 5 hours post-ischemia.Thereafter,levels of both proteins declined,especially LC3-Ⅱ.The cerebral infarct volume increased slowly 1–4 hours after ischemia,but subsequently increased rapidly until 5 hours after ischemia.The severity of the neurological deficit was positively correlated with infarct volume.LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3 levels were high in the penumbra within 5 hours after ischemia,and after that,levels of these proteins decreased at different rates.LC3-Ⅱ levels were reduced to a very low level,but cleaved caspase-3 levels remained high 72 hours after ischemia.These results indicate that there are temporal differences in the activation status of the autophagic and apoptotic pathways.This suggests that therapeutic targeting of these pathways should take into consideration their unique temporal dynamics.
基金This work was supported by the grants from Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 00593 and 01059. 2001).
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between oval cells and primary hepatocarcinoma and the expression of c-kit and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in oval cells of rats with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: A hundred and twenty clean SD rats were divided into three groups: normal group, cancer-induction group and intervention group. The normal group was fed with standard forage while the rest two groups were fed with 3'-methyl-2-methylamino-azobenzene (DAB) to induce carcinoma for 14 weeks and then fed with standard forage and water. Uscharidin was injected abdominally to the intervention group from the first week to the 14th week. All rats were killed and biopsy specimens were taken from the left and right liver lobes for immunohistochemical staining of c-kit and PCNA on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 20th, 22nd, and 24th week. RESULTS: From the 2nd to 14th week after liver infection, c-kit positive cells, mainly oval cells were found in the portal area in the carcinoma-induction group and dotted positive pigmentations in liver lobules. In the 22nd week, a large number of cancerous nodes occurred and nuclei heteromorphi-m was apparent; the number of positive cell decreased but positive cells could be sparsely observed in cancerous nodes. In the 2nd week of the carcinoma-induction process, PCNA positive cells were oval cells in the portal area. In the 4th week, a lot of hepatic cells were positively stained, especially in the central vein area. In the 6th week, PCNA positive cells could be seen in the lobules of the liver. In the 8th week, the number of PCNA cells decreased comparatively. From the 10th to 14th week, oval cells in the portal area were still over-expressed. From the 16th to 24th week, a large number of cancerous nodes occurred and PCNA was over-expressed in some of them. In necrotic cancerous nodes, the para-cancerous PCNA positive cells were sparsely distributed and their number was less than that of PCNA positive cells of cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173339,81303020the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Chinathe Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin of China,No.11JCZDJC19800
文摘Excess activation and expression of large-conductance Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ channels（BKCa channels） may be an important mechanism for delayed neuronal death after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Electroacupuncture can regulate BKCa channels after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Model rats received electroacupuncture of 1 m A and 2 Hz at Shuigou（GV26） for 10 minutes, once every 12 hours for a total of six times in 72 hours. We found that in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury rats, ischemic changes in the cerebral cortex were mitigated after electroacupuncture. Moreover, BKCa channel protein and m RNA expression were reduced in the cerebral cortex and neurological function noticeably improved. These changes did not occur after electroacupuncture at a non-acupoint（5 mm lateral to the left side of Shuigou）. Thus, our findings indicate that electroacupuncture at Shuigou improves neurological function in rats following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and may be associated with down-regulation of BKCa channel protein and m RNA expression. Additionally, our results suggest that the Shuigou acupoint has functional specificity.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology (2015FB03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (52204-12018, 2013PY068)
文摘Dear Editors,Sexual dimorphism is the systematic difference in size,shape,color,physiology,and behavior,between male and female individuals of the same species（Mei and Gui,2015）.Some studies have indicated that the traits of sexual dimorphism in vertebrates are the consequences of sex-biased gene expression and are controlled by multiple critical genes during growth and development（Williams and Carroll,2009）.However,the exact molecular mechanism underlying sexual dimorphism remains unclear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81571938 and 81501706the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.Y2007C133
文摘Heat shock protein 70（HSP70） maintains Ca^2＋ homeostasis in PC12 cells,which may protect against apoptosis;however,the mechanisms of neuroprotection are unclear.Therefore,in this study,we examined Ca^2＋ levels in PC12 cells transfected with an exogenous lentiviral HSP70 gene expression construct,and we subsequently subjected the cells to ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.HSP70 overexpression increased neuronal viability and ATPase activity,and it decreased cellular reactive oxygen species levels and intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration after hypoxia/reoxygenation.HSP70 overexpression enhanced the protein and m RNA expression levels of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^2＋-ATPase（SERCA）,but it decreased the protein and m RNA levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor（IP3R）,thereby leading to decreased intracellular Ca^2＋concentration after ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation.These results suggest that exogenous HSP70 protects against ischemia-hypoxia/reoxygenation injury,at least in part,by maintaining cellular Ca^2＋ homeostasis,by upregulating SERCA expression and by downregulating IP_3 R expression.
文摘To the Editor: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), characterized by a sudden onset of unilateral painless visual loss and a swollen optic disc, is the most common form of acute optic neuropathy in patients over 50 years of age.[1] The pathogenesis of NAION remains unclear, but most histopathological studies support the concept of vasculopathic occlusion in the region of the short posterior ciliary arteries.[2] Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most widely used non-invasive techniques for measuring brain function over time in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, only one study has investigated the effects of stimulating the affected eye in the extra-visual areas in NAION in humans.[3]However, this previous study only examined task-state fMRI, and lacked a measure of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Thus, it remains unclear whether regional spontaneous brain changes are limited to the visual system.
基金supported by the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Project of China,No.201313705005
文摘Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 k Da（SNAP-25） is localized on the synapse and participates in exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Decreased expression of SNAP-25 is associated with Alzheimer＇s disease and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, the expression of SNAP-25 in spinal cord contusion injury is still unclear. We hypothesized that SNAP-25 is associated with sensory and locomotor functions after spinal cord injury. We established rat models of spinal cord contusion injury to detect gene changes with a gene array. A decreased level of SNAP-25 was detected by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post injury. SNAP-25 was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons of the anterior and posterior horns, which are involved in locomotor and sensory functions. Our data suggest that reduced levels of SNAP-25 are associated with sensory and locomotor functions in rats with spinal cord contusion injury.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC81100088)
文摘Background Aldosterone blockers could reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarction（MI） patients by regulating hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel（HCN） expression.But the mechanism underling HCN expression is unclear.Methods Eighteen rats surviving 24 hours postMI were randomly divided into 3 groups：MI,spironolactone,and spironolactone ＋ antagomir-133（mi RNA-133suppression）.Sham group rats had a suture loosely tied around the left coronary artery,without ligation.HCN2 and HCN4 protein and m RNA level,and mi RNA-133 level in the border zone of post-MI 1 week myocardium were measured.Results Spironolactone significantly increased mi RNA-133 levels and down-regulated HCN2 and HCN4 at both m RNA and protein levels in post-MI border zone myocardium.Antagomir-133 reduced the effects of spironolactone on HCN2 and HCN4 protein levels.Conclusions The results suggest that mi RNA-133 is involved in spironolactone induced HCN expression,and partially contributed to post-MI ventricular arrhythmias.
基金supported by the Capital Health Research and Development Special Funds of China,No.2016-1-2011
文摘Brief-pulse stimulation at 50 Hz has been shown to terminate afterdischarges observed in epilepsy patients. However, the optimal pulse stimulation parameters for terminating cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of different brief-pulse stimulation frequencies（5, 50 and 100 Hz） on cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges in 10 patients with refractory epilepsy. Results demonstrated that brief-pulse stimulation could terminate cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges in refractory epilepsy patients. In conclusion,（1） a brief-pulse stimulation was more effective when the afterdischarge did not extend to the surrounding brain area.（2） A higher brief-pulse stimulation frequency（especially 100 Hz） was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge.（3） A low current intensity of brief-pulse stimulation was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge.
文摘Multiple sclerosis（MS） is an autoimmune mediated neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination and oligodendrocyte（OL） loss in the central nervous system and accompanied by local inflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Although many risk factors and symptoms have been identified in MS, the pathology is complicated and the cause remains unknown. It is also unclear whether OL apoptosis precedes the inflammation or whether the local inflammation is the cause of OL death and demyelination. This review briefly discusses several models that have been developed to specifically ablate oligodendrocytes in an effort to separate the effects of demyelination from inflammation.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p27<sup>kipl</sup>,retinoblastinoma protein （Rb protein）, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） on the genesis andprogression of human pancreatic cancer.METHODS: The expression of p27<sup>kipl</sup>, Rb protein and PCNA in the tumor tissue and adjacent tissue of32 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique.RESULTS: The p27<sup>kipl</sup> protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue of pancreatic cancer was56.25%, which was lower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. p27<sup>kipl</sup> proteinpositive-expression was correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）. The Rb gene protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue was 50%, which was alsolower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05 ）. The PCNA positive-expression rate was71.87%, which was higher than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue （P【0.05）. PCNA positive-expression was also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis（P【0.05）.CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p27<sup>kipl</sup>, Rb protein and over-expression of PCNA may playan important role in the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 10902117, 31230027,30730032,and 10332060
文摘Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and techniques,e.g.,dynamic force spectroscopy（DFS）,have been applied to probe the complex at single-bond level,the discrepancies in the loading rate dependence of bond rupture force were found in the assays,presumably due to the different pathways in energy landscape and binding kinetics of molecular complexes<sup>[2]</sup>.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here an optical trap（OT）assay was used to quantify the bond rupture at r<sub>f</sub>≤20 pN/s
文摘Sulfur dioxide is now the principal air pollutant in China. Its harmful effects on plants have been studied for nearly one hundred years, but the mechanism of injury still remains unclear. SO2 has been generally taken as a reducing air pollutant. It is oxidized to sulfate after entering leaf cells. The toxicity of SO4= is much less than that of either SO3= or HSO3-. Therefore this oxidation has been
文摘The village of Dafen is famous as the "world's art factory," but many of its painters face unclear employment prospects as they dream of one day making original art
基金support from"Shu Guang"project of Shanghai Municipal Education CommissionShanghai Education Development Foundation
文摘I.INTRODUCTION On February 10,2012,International Intellectual Property Alliance released the 2012 Special Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement,which mentioned that article 9 of the Regulations for the Protection of the Right of Communication through the Information Network1(hereinafter referred to as RPRCIN)has certain unclear or overbroad terms,which may be incompatible with the Trips Agreement.
文摘On June 15,Ganfeng Lithium issued an announcement on the production progress of its subsidiary,the Australian RIM.This is also a response to public doubt on the lithium supply capacity of the Mt Marion lithium project the company has participated in.According to the announcement,the Mt Marion lithium project was officially put into production in February,and as of June 15,
