Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accu- mulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centri...Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accu- mulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centrifugation techniques. Copper concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of E. splendens increased with increasing Cu levels in solution. After exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu for 8 d, about 1000 mg/kg Cu were accumulated in the stem and 250 mg/kg Cu in the leaf of E. splendens. At 50 μmol/L Cu, no significant toxicity was observed in the chloroplast and mitochondrion within its leaf cells, but separation appeared at the cytoplasm and the cell wall within the root cells. At >250 μmol/L Cu, both root and leaf organelles in E. splendens were damaged heavily by excessive Cu in vivo. Copper subcellular localization in the plant leaf after 8 days’ exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu using gradient centrifugation techniques was found to be decreased in the order: chloroplast>cell wall>soluble fraction>other organelles. The plant root cell wall was found to be the site of highest Cu localization. Increase of Cu exposure time from 8 d to 16 d, increased slightly Cu concentration in cell wall fraction in roots and leaves, while that in the chloroplast fraction decreased in leaves of the plants grown in both 0.25 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L Cu. TEM confirmed that much more Cu localized in cell walls of E. splendens roots and leaves, but also more Cu localized in E. splendens’ chloroplast when the plant is exposed to Cu levels>250 μmol/L, as compared to those in the plant grown in 0.25 μmol/L Cu. Copper treatment at levels>250 μmol/L caused pronounced damage in the leaf chloroplast and root organelles. Copper localization in cell walls and chloroplasts could mainly account for the high detoxification of Cu in E. splendens.展开更多
Cyprinid herpesvirus II （CyHV-2） infection is identi- fied in cultured gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, with high mortality in China in recent years. Histological pathology includes acute hepatocellular necros...Cyprinid herpesvirus II （CyHV-2） infection is identi- fied in cultured gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, with high mortality in China in recent years. Histological pathology includes acute hepatocellular necrosis, splenic necrosis, kidney necrosis, hyperplasia of the secondary lamellae with focal necrosis. Acute necrotic myocarditis and granulocytes are prominent within the cardiac lumen in infected fish. In addition, necrosis is observed in the submucosa and mucosa epithelium of intestinal tract. Edemas are observed in renal glomerulus, submucosa and mucosa epithe- lium of intestinal tract, myocardial cells and neurons. Transmis- sion electron microscopy indicates the cytoplasmic inclusions in splenocytes, glomerulus cells and hematopoietic tissue cells of kidney, epithelial cells of gills and brain cells. The histopathology and ultrastructural pathology in CyHV-2 infected gibel carp are characterized with extensive necrosis and cytoplasmic inclusions in spleen, kidney, gill and brain, which suggests that CyHV-2 may mainly infect the spleen, kidney, gill and brain of fish.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the ultrastructure of oval cells in children with chronic hepatitis B,with special emphasis on their location in areas of collagen fibroplasia. METHODS:Morphological investigations were conducted on...AIM:To investigate the ultrastructure of oval cells in children with chronic hepatitis B,with special emphasis on their location in areas of collagen fibroplasia. METHODS:Morphological investigations were conducted on biopsy material obtained from 40 children,aged 3-16 years with chronic hepatitis B. The stage of fibrosis was assessed histologically using the arbitrary semiquantitative numerical scoring system proposed by Ishak et al. The material for ultrastructural investigation was fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and processed for transmission-electron microscopic analysis. RESULTS:Ultrastructural examination of biopsy specimens obtained from children with chronic hepatitis B showed the presence of two types of oval cells,the hepatic progenitor cells and intermediate hepatic-like cells. These cells were present in the parenchyma and were seen most commonly in areas of intense periportal fibrosis (at least stage 2 according to Ishak et al) and in the vicinity of the limiting plate of the lobule. The activated nonparenchymal hepatic cells,i.e. transformed hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells were seen in close proximity to the intermediate hepatic-like cells. CONCLUSION:We found a distinct relationship between the prevalence of oval cells (hepatic progenitor cells and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells) and fibrosis stage in pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B.展开更多
The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various...The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental conditions.Today,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research.In this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining methods.Considering the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the Clinicopathological （EMC）. Methods： Nine cases of extraskeletal characteristics of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma myxoid chondrosarcoma were studied. Extensive immunohistochemic...Objective： To investigate the Clinicopathological （EMC）. Methods： Nine cases of extraskeletal characteristics of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma myxoid chondrosarcoma were studied. Extensive immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all the cases and ultrastructural studies were done in 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. Follow-up information was available for seven patients. Results： There were 7 males and 2 females whose ages ranged from 31 to 69 years （median 52.78 years）. Local pain or tenderness and the presence of a palpable mass were the main complaints of the patients. The tumors were located mainly in the lower extremities （66.7%）. Most tumors were deep-seated. They usually had a distinct multinodular configuration delineated by fibrous connective tissue. The tumor cells were arranged in delicate intersecting strands, rings, and garlands for the most part. The myxoid matrix was abundant in most cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all the cases and ultrastructural studies were done in 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. EMC expressed vimentin （100%, 9/9）, neuron-specific enolase （77.8%, 7/9）, S-100 protein （66.7%, 6/9）, synaptophysin and chromogranin A （22.2%, 2/9）. None of the tumors expressed EMA and desmin. Ultrastructurally： EMC was characterized by distinct cords of cells immersed in a glycosaminoglycan rich matrix. The cells were rich in mitochondria, had well-developed Golgi apparatus and there were numerous smooth vesicles. In many cells, there were also prominent glycogen deposits and lipid droplets. Some tumor cells had intracisternal microtubules. In one of the 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas there were 140-180 nm diameter membrane-bound dense-core secretory granules in cell bodies. Conclusion： Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma （EMC） is a rare soft tissue sarcoma characterized by distinctive morphological and cytogenetical features. However, the chondroid nature has been a subject of controversy, and its line 展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20307008) and the National Basic Research Program(973) (No. 2002CB410804) of China
文摘Copper accumulation and intracellular distribution in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accu- mulating plant species, was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and gradient centrifugation techniques. Copper concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of E. splendens increased with increasing Cu levels in solution. After exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu for 8 d, about 1000 mg/kg Cu were accumulated in the stem and 250 mg/kg Cu in the leaf of E. splendens. At 50 μmol/L Cu, no significant toxicity was observed in the chloroplast and mitochondrion within its leaf cells, but separation appeared at the cytoplasm and the cell wall within the root cells. At >250 μmol/L Cu, both root and leaf organelles in E. splendens were damaged heavily by excessive Cu in vivo. Copper subcellular localization in the plant leaf after 8 days’ exposure to 500 μmol/L Cu using gradient centrifugation techniques was found to be decreased in the order: chloroplast>cell wall>soluble fraction>other organelles. The plant root cell wall was found to be the site of highest Cu localization. Increase of Cu exposure time from 8 d to 16 d, increased slightly Cu concentration in cell wall fraction in roots and leaves, while that in the chloroplast fraction decreased in leaves of the plants grown in both 0.25 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L Cu. TEM confirmed that much more Cu localized in cell walls of E. splendens roots and leaves, but also more Cu localized in E. splendens’ chloroplast when the plant is exposed to Cu levels>250 μmol/L, as compared to those in the plant grown in 0.25 μmol/L Cu. Copper treatment at levels>250 μmol/L caused pronounced damage in the leaf chloroplast and root organelles. Copper localization in cell walls and chloroplasts could mainly account for the high detoxification of Cu in E. splendens.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46-11)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2014A06XY07)the Wuhan Science and Technology Plan Grant,Hubei Province(2014020202010138)
文摘Cyprinid herpesvirus II （CyHV-2） infection is identi- fied in cultured gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, with high mortality in China in recent years. Histological pathology includes acute hepatocellular necrosis, splenic necrosis, kidney necrosis, hyperplasia of the secondary lamellae with focal necrosis. Acute necrotic myocarditis and granulocytes are prominent within the cardiac lumen in infected fish. In addition, necrosis is observed in the submucosa and mucosa epithelium of intestinal tract. Edemas are observed in renal glomerulus, submucosa and mucosa epithe- lium of intestinal tract, myocardial cells and neurons. Transmis- sion electron microscopy indicates the cytoplasmic inclusions in splenocytes, glomerulus cells and hematopoietic tissue cells of kidney, epithelial cells of gills and brain cells. The histopathology and ultrastructural pathology in CyHV-2 infected gibel carp are characterized with extensive necrosis and cytoplasmic inclusions in spleen, kidney, gill and brain, which suggests that CyHV-2 may mainly infect the spleen, kidney, gill and brain of fish.
文摘AIM:To investigate the ultrastructure of oval cells in children with chronic hepatitis B,with special emphasis on their location in areas of collagen fibroplasia. METHODS:Morphological investigations were conducted on biopsy material obtained from 40 children,aged 3-16 years with chronic hepatitis B. The stage of fibrosis was assessed histologically using the arbitrary semiquantitative numerical scoring system proposed by Ishak et al. The material for ultrastructural investigation was fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and processed for transmission-electron microscopic analysis. RESULTS:Ultrastructural examination of biopsy specimens obtained from children with chronic hepatitis B showed the presence of two types of oval cells,the hepatic progenitor cells and intermediate hepatic-like cells. These cells were present in the parenchyma and were seen most commonly in areas of intense periportal fibrosis (at least stage 2 according to Ishak et al) and in the vicinity of the limiting plate of the lobule. The activated nonparenchymal hepatic cells,i.e. transformed hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells were seen in close proximity to the intermediate hepatic-like cells. CONCLUSION:We found a distinct relationship between the prevalence of oval cells (hepatic progenitor cells and intermediate hepatocyte-like cells) and fibrosis stage in pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B.
基金supported by the Spanish“Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica,Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica,Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ)”,Grant FIS PI20-0318 co-financed by“Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional ERDF-FEDER European Union”Grant P18-RT-5059“Plan Andaluz de Investigación,Desarrollo e Innovación(PAIDI 2020),Consejería de Transformación Económica,Industria,Conocimiento y Universidades,Junta de Andalucía,Espana”(all to VC)Grant PPJIA202219“Ayudas del plan propio UGR 2022,Plan propio de investigación y transferencia,Universidad de Granada,Espana”(to JCA andóDGG)。
文摘The myelin sheath is a lipoprotein-rich,multilayered structure capable of increasing conduction velocity in central and peripheral myelinated nerve fibers.Due to the complex structure and composition of myelin,various histological techniques have been developed over the centuries to evaluate myelin under normal,pathological or experimental conditions.Today,methods to assess myelin integrity or content are key tools in both clinical diagnosis and neuroscience research.In this review,we provide an updated summary of the composition and structure of the myelin sheath and discuss some histological procedures,from tissue fixation and processing techniques to the most used and practical myelin histological staining methods.Considering the lipoprotein nature of myelin,the main features and technical details of the different available methods that can be used to evaluate the lipid or protein components of myelin are described,as well as the precise ultrastructural techniques.
文摘Objective： To investigate the Clinicopathological （EMC）. Methods： Nine cases of extraskeletal characteristics of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma myxoid chondrosarcoma were studied. Extensive immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all the cases and ultrastructural studies were done in 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. Follow-up information was available for seven patients. Results： There were 7 males and 2 females whose ages ranged from 31 to 69 years （median 52.78 years）. Local pain or tenderness and the presence of a palpable mass were the main complaints of the patients. The tumors were located mainly in the lower extremities （66.7%）. Most tumors were deep-seated. They usually had a distinct multinodular configuration delineated by fibrous connective tissue. The tumor cells were arranged in delicate intersecting strands, rings, and garlands for the most part. The myxoid matrix was abundant in most cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in all the cases and ultrastructural studies were done in 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. EMC expressed vimentin （100%, 9/9）, neuron-specific enolase （77.8%, 7/9）, S-100 protein （66.7%, 6/9）, synaptophysin and chromogranin A （22.2%, 2/9）. None of the tumors expressed EMA and desmin. Ultrastructurally： EMC was characterized by distinct cords of cells immersed in a glycosaminoglycan rich matrix. The cells were rich in mitochondria, had well-developed Golgi apparatus and there were numerous smooth vesicles. In many cells, there were also prominent glycogen deposits and lipid droplets. Some tumor cells had intracisternal microtubules. In one of the 2 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas there were 140-180 nm diameter membrane-bound dense-core secretory granules in cell bodies. Conclusion： Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma （EMC） is a rare soft tissue sarcoma characterized by distinctive morphological and cytogenetical features. However, the chondroid nature has been a subject of controversy, and its line
